Design Guide: Virtualize 3D Professional Graphics
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsVirtualize 3Dprofessionalgraphicscitrix.comDesign Guide
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide2Table of contentsAbout FlexCast Services design guides3Project overview4Objectives4Virtualize 3D professional graphics5Solution components5Classification of 3D professional graphics users7Use case 1 – designers and engineers8Use case 2 – power users and operators8Solution architecture9User layer10Access layer11Resource layer11Control layer12Hardware pcitrix.comClick on the sectionnames above to navigateto that portion of thebook and the arrow iconto return to the table ofcontents from any page.
FlexCast services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign GuideAbout the FlexCastServices design guideCitrix FlexCast Services design guidesprovide an overview of a validatedarchitecture based on many commonscenarios. Each design guide relies onCitrix Consulting best practices and indepth validation by the Citrix SolutionsLab to provide prescriptive designguidance on the overall solution.Each FlexCast Services design guideincorporates generally availableproducts and employs a standardizedarchitecture, allowing multipledesign guides to be combined intoa larger, all-encompassing solution.The design guide for virtual 3Dprofessional graphics spends moretime talking about the use-case anddifferent technologies for enabling thegraphics delivery. More informationon the related Citrix components areavailable in one of the other guides.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide4Project OverviewIn an increasingly global economy, companies are looking to improve time tomarket by securely collaborating and managing design lifecycles with offshore,mobile and remote employees while maintaining secure control over intellectualproperty (IP). Organizations are seeing client virtualization as an enablingtechnology to accomplish these dual goals.Citrix has introduced game-changing technology over the past half-decade, tomake virtualization of professional 3D graphics applications easy to deliver andmeet the performance expectations of designers and engineers. This is taken to awhole new level with exclusive support for NVIDIA GRID virtual GPU’s in CitrixXenServer. The benefits of moving graphics processing from under the desk to acentral datacenter are now well understood, both by large and mediumenterprises. Significantly, the technology from Citrix is able to address the variationin cost and complexity requirements for different tiers of users within theorganization. That is a powerful stimulus in accelerating adoption of virtual 3Dgraphics at scale.The audience for this design guide is anyone already familiar with the physicalinfrastructure for 3D graphics. It provides a starting point to understand thetechnologies and scope of the project to transform that infrastructure usingCitrix virtualization.ObjectivesThe objective of this FlexCast Services Design Guide is to construct anddemonstrate a way of globally delivering 3D professional graphics apps and 3Ddata to enable real-time collaboration of design data, while securing IP.The hypothetical organization in this example is called WorldWide Corporation(WWCO), a large manufacturing firm with globally distributed design andmanufacturing centers that is currently supporting 3D professional graphicsapplications globally through nightly time consuming file transfers of data tomultiple data centers which is an asynchronous method and slows real timecollaboration processes. Accessing 3D professional graphics applications hostedin the data center using existing solutions is slow compared to running theapplications locally on workstations and inherently insecure. To address thesechallenges, WWCO has decided to implement Citrix XenDesktop virtualized clientdelivery platforms to resolve access performance, improve data security andaccelerate real-time global collaboration.WWCO business objectives The desire to leverage a global talent base – Organizations recognize that to becompetitive, they need to leverage technical talent wherever it’s located. Reasonsinclude cost control and the ability to provide support close to the end customer. Corporate requirements to safeguard product design IP – The need toshare information with contractors, business partners and employees ofoutsourcing services providers is driving organizations to improve protection oftheir IP.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide5 Workers’ need to view or present design models on mobile devices – Theability to pull up design documents and sophisticated models on the shop floor orat a customer location is becoming essential. Economic demands for cost control and faster time to market – Followthe-sun (24 x 7) development cycles and dispersed development teams requirereal-time, remote collaboration on design data.WWO Technical objectives: Single solution must accommodate user requirements of designers, engineersand editors or viewers of professional 3D graphics. Build a solution which can scale from few hundred users to thousands of users. The solution must be validated and ready to be deployed within weeks Virtualize where possible to reduce costs and complexity. Implement n 1 highly available solution for business continuityVirtualize 3D professional graphicsThe design of this FlexCast Services is based on best practices from Citrixconsulting services and product development teams. The following assumptionswere made in determining these parameters: All users will access Windows-based 3D professional graphics applications via asingle datacenter, which will host all physical and virtual servers Applications require the latest OpenGL versions with GPU hardware acceleration. N 1high availability is required for physical components. Remote access is required for accessing Windows applications from outsidethe firewall. WWCO’s existing infrastructure for Microsoft Active Directory, DNS/DHCP, andMicrosoft SQL Server will be reused.Remember, this is a simplification for the purpose of understanding. A number offactors must be considered, because end user experience in graphics technologydepends on current and expected workflows, network conditions, type and size ofthe image files, and nature of 3D apps among many other parameters. You areencouraged to work with the local Citrix partners and consultants to determine theright mix of technologies for your environment.Solution componentsFor the hardware, this guide considers NVIDIA GRID compatible servers thatsupport up to two NVIDIA GRID K2 cards per chassis. Each NVIDIA GRID K2 cardcontains two onboard GPU’s, with 4GB frame buffer available to each GPU. GRIDboards feature the NVIDIA Kepler architecture that, for the first time, allowshardware virtualization of the GPU. This means multiple users (virtual machines, incitrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide6this case) can share a single GPU, improving user density while providing true PCperformance and compatibility. The scale of sharing depends on use-caserequirements, which maps to different vGPU Types as per Table 1. vGPU areanalogous to physical GPU’s, having a dedicated and fixed amount of GPUframe-buffer (reserved via the physical frame-buffer) and one or more virtualdisplay outputs or “heads”.GRIDcardPhysical NVIDIAGPUs per boardGPUmemoryper VMGRID K22PassthroughDesigner124 GBGRIDK260QDesigner242 GBGRIDK240QPower user481 GBGRIDK200Knowledgeworker816256 MBPassthroughPower user144 GBGRIDK140QPower user4161 GBGRID K100 Knowledgeworker832256 MBGRID K14Table 1: vGPU types differ in amount of frame-buffer, virtual display heads, max resolution, and number ofsimultaneous instances.In addition to the NVIDIA GRID cards discussed here, Citrix supports other graphiccards from NVIDIA and AMD. Please see this knowledge base article for detailsThe Citrix software components that make up the solution are as follows: Citrix XenDesktop 7.1 Citrix XenServer 6.2 NetScaler Gateway 10.1 Citrix StoreFront Services 2.1 Citrix Licensing Server 11.11 Citrix Receiver 3.4 or higherThese Citrix components communicate with each other to deliver a secureconnection to virtualize desktops for 3D applications from devices located insideand outside the corporate network. For an in-depth technical explanation ofcomponent communication, please see Appendix 1.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide7Classification of 3D professional graphics usersDesigning a good solution requires analysis of the current and expected usage,and classification of users according to their demands on the GPU. The followinglist and figure provides a simplified recommendation to segment the 3Dprofessional graphics users at WWCO based on GPU requirements, and define theright solution for each group.1. Designers and engineers: The most demanding user group. They create andmanipulate large, complex, 3D models and require a dedicated GPU forgraphics acceleration.2. Operators and contractors (Power users): Users are classified in this segmentwhen they need to view or edit graphics intensive 3D files, or access complexgraphics workflows onsite, say on the factory floor or at a construction site;hardware GPU acceleration is recommended.3. Knowledge and task workers: The segment of users in the organization that arenot engaged in professional graphics design. Hardware accelerated graphicsmay or may not be required to deliver business graphics, such as the Windows8 style apps, PowerPoint transitions in Office 2013, or perform light 2D and 3Dwork. The cost and design considerations for business graphics are not inscope of this guide (faded area in diagram)This solution at WWCO consists of the following types of users:UsecaseComputerequirementUser groupNumberof usersExample workflow1.AUltra high-endDesigners12Frequently create, edit, and rendercomplex and large 3D models1.BHigh-endEngineers24Frequently edit and share theselarge 3D models2.AMid-range,consistentOperators48Perform complex workflows withmultiple instances of graphicsapplications, on factory shop floor.2.AMid-range,burstyContractors116Need to pull up detailed 3Dmodels in graphics applications toperform related engineering taskscitrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide8Workload analysis is necessary to determine the Scalability and Sizing during thePoC testing. The following guidelines explain the concept making simplisticassumptions about users with homogenous and constant workload within eachcategory. Two NVIDIA GRID K2 cards are used per server in each case, as perappropriate vGPU types from Table 1. The proposed vGPU assignment and sizingis discussed after Table 2UsecaseUser groupNumberof usersGRID K2 vGPUtypeVM’s supportedper server ctors116Pass-through(Windows server)4 (40 users)3RedundancyN 1One card failure2Table 2: Sizing recommendation based on the assumptionsUse case 1 – Designers and engineersFor ultra-high-end 3D compute requirements, such as the designers in usecase 1.A, a dedicated desktop environment is made available to each user, whilethe underlying hardware resources are shared using Citrix XenDesktop. WithXenServer GPU pass-through users share a single server but each user has 1:1GPU assigned to them.Shared GPU for desktops with high-end vGPU types such as K260Q maybe suitable for engineers (use-case 1.B) who have high end 3D computerequirements, and perform graphics intensive operations on 3D models. 2:1 GPUassignment doubles the user density per server.An additional server with two GRID K2 cards is required to handle failure of anyone card on the primary hosts. Two servers and four GRID K2 cards are requiredfor full server redundancy.Total servers for use-case 1, with card level redundancy 3 3 1 7 serversUse case 2 – Power users and operatorsOperators (use-case 2.A) that need to pull up complex graphic models to dotheir work, maybe at a construction site or a factory floor, still expect the imagesto load fast, respond quickly, and maintain high-fidelity resolution. High-densityvGPU types, such as K240Q, are suitable for users that spend a large part oftheir workday viewing and editing 3D files. Shared GPU for desktops allowsdiscrete GPU resources to be directly mapped to virtual machines with N:1 GPUassignment for mid-range 3D compute performance.Shared GPU for applications is the most cost-effective, high-performing solutionin the industry for high-density. The larger proportion of users at many designorganizations are not driving the compute resources all the time, but whenevercitrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide9they do they expect the system to flawlessly bring up their 3D models. Their 3Dcompute requirements are mid-range, but infrequent and spread through theday. For such users, that we have named contractors (use-case 2.B) in thisexample, deliver graphics apps from Windows Server sharing single GPU1 amongmultiple user-sessions. N:1 GPU sharing cost effectively supports users that viewand edit 3D data and can adequately be supported by sharing GPU resources.Customers have reported running 20, 30, and even 100 users in this way. Ourdesign conservatively assumes 10 users per GPU, which roughly represents viewerworkload on Autodesk AutoCAD. With a K2 card having two on-board GPUs, youcan scale up to 40 users per server.Similar to use-case 1, failure of any card can be handled with an additional standbyserver containing pair of GRID K2 cards. Configure each card to handle the VMsfor one of the above use-cases, respectively.Total servers for use-case 2, with card level redundancy 3 3 1 7 serversHardware specification and sizing for these use-cases is discussed in theResource Layer section. The infrastructure machines add very little incrementalload for this scenario. In this PoC, control virtual machines will be hosted on thesame servers as Resources.Solution architectureIn the following sections, we look at the different parts of the Citrix infrastructureto enable the 3D graphics solution. Figure 2, based on the overall businessand technical objectives for the project as well as the assumptions, provides agraphical overview of the solution architecture.Figure 2: Conceptual DiagramWhile this guide considers 200 users, the core architecture design does not reallychange. The redundancy and scalability features will support thousands of users.The limiting factor is how many XenServer resource pools will be needed. For 200users, a single cluster or resource pool is sufficient.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide10The overall solution for WWCO is based on a standardized five-layer model,providing a framework for the technical architecture. We don’t go into the detailsof all Citrix components and architecture here, to keep the discussion limited tothe graphics technologies. The information here is sufficient to bring up a workingenvironment to deliver 3D graphics. For detailed recommendations and bestpractices for deploying the Citrix infrastructure, please see the FlexCast Servicesguides referenced in AppendixAt a high level, the 5-layer model comprises:1. User layer. Defines the unique user groups and overall endpoint requirements.We explored this in the previous section.2. Access layer. Defines how user groups will gain access to their resources.Focuses on secure access policies and desktop/application stores.3. Resource layer. Defines the virtual resources, which could be desktops orapplications, assigned to each user group. In this context, it means thevirtualized, GPU-accelerated graphics apps.4. Control layer. Defines the underlying infrastructure required to support the usersin accessing their resources.5. Hardware layer – Defines the physical implementation of the overall solution witha focus on physical servers, graphics cards, storage and networking.Figure 2: Virtual desktop modelUser layerThe user layer focuses on the logistics of the user groups, which includes clientsoftware, recommended endpoints and office locations. This information helpsdefine how users will gain access to their resources, which could be desktops,applications or documents. Citrix Receiver client. This client software, which runs on virtually any device andoperating platform, including Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android, must bedownloaded onto user endpoints to access graphics applications, which are hostedin the datacenter. Citrix Receiver provides the client-side functionality to secure,optimize and transport the necessary information to/from the endpoint/host overCitrix HDX, a set of technologies built into a networking protocol that provides ahigh-definition user experience regardless of device, network or location.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide11 Endpoints. The physical devices could be smartphones, tablets, laptops,desktops, thin clients, etc. Users download and install the Citrix Receiver clientfrom their device’s app store or directly from Citrix.com. For the graphics usecase, choice of end-point depends on the requirements. For example, CADdesigner is not expected to use a tablet for designing but they will probably wantto use a tablet for reviewing purposes. Location. The system accounts for users that work from remote locations, overunsecure network connections, requiring all authentication and session traffic tobe secured. Please review network latency and user-experience expectationswhen working remotely or from a mobile device.Access layerThe access layer defines the policies used to properly authenticate users to theenvironment, secure communication between the user layer and resource layerand deliver the applications to the endpoints.Note: In an isolated proof of concept limited to the LAN of a lab environment, thevirtualized graphics delivery will work even without the access layer components.In that case, you must ensure security compliance elsewhere in the network.The following displays access layer design decisions based on WWCO requirements.Users connecting from Remote, untrusted networkAuthentication pointNetScaler GatewayAuthentication policyMulti-factor authentication(username, password and token)Allowing users to access the environment from a remote location withoutauthenticating would pose security risks to WWCO. When users access theenvironment, the external URL will direct requests to Citrix NetScaler Gateway,which is deployed within the DMZ portion of the network. NetScaler Gatewaywill accept user multi-factor authentication credentials and pass them to theappropriate internal resources (Active Directory domain controllers and tokenauthentication software such as RADIUS).Resource layerThis layer manages the image, optimizations, and the delivery mechanism. This isthe most technically complex layer in the solution deployment. Virtual desktops,hosted applications, or both, are delivered from this layer using XenDesktop andXenApp software.Citrix gives you two ways of delivering resources to your end-users:a) Using XenApp or XenDesktop 7.1 apps, only the Windows apps are presentedfrom a Windows Server platform, occupying a smaller footprint on the client; orb) Using XenDesktop 7.1, replicate the complete physical desktop including theirapps and “personalization” in a virtual environment based on Windows 7 orWindows 8.1citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide12Based on the requirements captured in the Solution Design section, the followingresource layer design decisions go into creating the Virtual Machine base image.We need to create two different master images, one for Windows Server OS andthe other with Windows Desktop OS:CriteriaDecision for appsDecision for desktopsOperating systemWindows Server 2008 R2Windows 7 SP 1DeliveryMachine creation servicesMachine creation servicesCPU8 vCPU4 vCPUMemory32 GB RAM8 GB RAMDisk60 GB60 GBAutodesk AutoCad,SolidWorks, PTC Creo,Siemens SolidEdge, etc.Autodesk AutoCad,SolidWorks, PTC Creo,Siemens SolidEdge, etc.Graphics accelerationGPU pass-through onXenServer 6.2NVIDIA GRID (vGPU) onXenServer 6.2User groupPower users (Contractors,operators)Designers, engineers, powerusersNumber of VMs1284Application(s)2Control layerThe control layer of the solution defines the virtual servers used to properlydeliver the prescribed environment detailed in the user, access, and resourcelayers of the solution, including required services, virtual server specificationsand redundancy options.Control layer components include access controllers, delivery controllers andinfrastructure controllers.Access controllers3The access controllers are responsible for providing users with connectivity to theirresources, as defined within the access layer. In order to support the access layerdesign, the following components are required:ParameterNetScaler GatewayStoreFrontInstances2 virtual servers2 virtual serversCPU2 vCPU2 vCPUMemory2 GB RAM4 GB RAMDisk3.2 GB60 GBCitrix product versionNetScaler VPX for XenServer10.1StoreFront 2.1Microsoft productversionNot applicableWindows Server 2012 R2Network ports443443RedundancyHigh-availability pairMicrosoft Network LoadBalancing (MAC spoofing)citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide13The redundant pair of NetScaler Gateway virtual servers is responsible forproviding secure, remote access while the redundant pair of StoreFront virtualservers is responsible for the portal where users can see and pick the apps ordesktops they want.Delivery controllersThe delivery controllers manage and maintain the virtualized resources forthe environment. In order to support the resource layer design, the followingcomponents are required:ParameterXenDesktop delivery controllerInstances2 virtual serversCPU2 vCPUMemory4 GB RAMDisk60 GBCitrix product versionXenDesktop 7.1Microsoft product versionWindows Server 2012 R2Network ports80, 443RedundancyLoad balanced via StoreFrontA single delivery controller can easily support far more than the load of 200 users.However, to provide N 1 fault tolerance, a second virtual server will provideredundancy in case one virtual server fails.Infrastructure controllersIn order to have a fully functioning virtual desktop environment, a set of standardinfrastructure components are required.ParameterSQL serverCitrix licenseserverActive directory4Instances2 virtual servers1 virtual servers2 virtual serversCPU2 vCPU2 vCPU2 vCPUMemory4 GB RAM4 GB RAM4 GB RAMDisk60 GB60 GB60 GBVersion(s)Not applicableCitrix License Server11.12Not applicableMicrosoftproduct versionWindows Server 2012 R2SQL Server 2012Windows Server2012 R2Windows Server2012 R2Network ports143327000, 7279, 8082DefaultRedundancySQL Server AlwaysOnNone due to 30 daygrace periodPrimary andbackup domaincontrollercitrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide14To provide fault tolerance, the following options were used: The XenDesktop database was deployed on an HA pair of Microsoft SQLServer 2012 servers utilizing the AlwaysOn availability group with primary andsecondary instances spread across two virtual servers. Once active, a XenDesktop environment can continue to function for 30 dayswithout connectivity to the Citrix License Server. Due to the integrated graceperiod, no additional redundancy is required.Hardware layerThe hardware layer is the physical implementation of the solution. It includes server,networking and storage configurations needed to successfully deploy the solution.ServerFollowing is the physical server implementation for the WWCO solution. Thesame hardware was leveraged for both control and resource layer to benefit fromeconomies of scale:ComponentDescriptionQuantityTotalServer modelCisco C240 M37 714 serversProcessor(s)Intel Xeon E5-2690 @2.9GHz216 cores/ ServerMemory16GB DDR3-133316256 GB/ ServerDisk(s)600GB SAS @ 15,000RPM127.2 TBHypervisorCitrix XenServer 6.2(with Service Pack 1 for vGPU)14145To provide fault tolerance within the solution, the virtual servers were distributedso redundant components were not hosted from the same physical server.The resource load on the physical hardware for the access and control layercomponents is minimal, which is why they are hosted on the standby resourcelayer servers to optimize the return on investment (RoI). The virtual server allocationis depicted in Figure 3.Server 1 and Server 2 host the access and control layer components, in additionto the VM’s connected to GPU. “RDS Host” VMs contain Windows Server OS,while “Desktop VMs” contain Windows 7 OS.Figure 3: Virtual machine server allocation.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide15StorageThe storage architecture for the solution is based on the use of inexpensive localstorage. To ensure an acceptable user experience, the storage architecture musthave enough throughput capacity as well as fault tolerance to overcome thepotential failure of a single drive.ParameterResource Layer HostsDrive count12Drive speed15,000 RPMRAIDRAID 5NetworkingIntegrating the solution into the network requires proper configuration to havethe right components communicate with each other. This is especially importantfor NetScaler Gateway, which resides in the DMZ. Large graphic image files canconsume bandwidth, so the network sizing must be done keeping use-caserequirements in mind. The network is configured based on each physical server’shaving four network ports:NIC instanceFunctionSpeedVLAN ID12Management VLAN1 Gbps or more1Virtual machine VLAN1 Gbps or more23DMZ VLAN1 Gbps or more34DisabledThe three VLANs are divided among the physical servers, NetScaler Gateway andremaining virtual servers as shown in Figure 4.Figure 4: Networking architecturecitrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide16As depicted in the diagram, the VLAN is configured as follows: NetScaler Gateway is configured to use the DMZ VLAN. This VLAN does notconnect with any other internal networks, which helps keep the DMZ and internaltraffic separated. The management VLAN is only connected to the physical hosts and not thevirtual machines. This VLAN is for management calls to/from the physicalserver’s hypervisor. The virtual machine VLAN, meant for all non-DMZ virtual machines, allows themto connect to the internal datacenter network.ValidationThe solution was validated in the Citrix Solutions Lab using graphic benchmarkapps, running on the different GPU sharing models described above.The charts below is taken when running Redway3D’s RedTurbine benchmark appon multiple VM’s sharing the K240Q vGPU on a GRID K2. Notice that the framesper-second (FPS) chart in the baseline test (single user) looks very similar to the nthuser when GPU is shared close to 85%. This indicates performance is maintainedeven when the GPU is being heavily used by all users at the same time.Baseline4 users simultaneously sharing GRID K2Average performance is greater than 40 FPSWith 4 users, average remains greater than 40 FPS;momentary drop to 10 FPS in the beginningAverage load is about 30% of the total GPUWith 4 users, average load is about 80-85%Table 3: Performance of four Windows 7 VDI sessions sharing a GRID K2 GPU with XenDesktop 7.1citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide17SummaryMany business benefits result from virtualizing 3D professional graphics apps,going beyond the cost rationalization to leveraging worldwide talent pool whilesecuring intellectual property (IP), increasing productivity with flexible mobile deviceaccess from anywhere, anytime, and gaining ability to respond quickly to line-ofbusiness requests.The Citrix solution is mature and specially designed to support graphics intensiveapps and deliver an exceptional experience to designers and engineers and 3Ddata viewers and editors working with these apps. Customers can leverageexisting Citrix investments, because no new XenDesktop or XenApp infrastructureis required.Many large product design, manufacturing, and engineering firms havesuccessfully deployed Citrix HDX 3D Pro solution for mission-critical projects andare profiting from collaboration among their design engineers across the globe.Citrix and its partners are ready to share experiences and best practices to helpyou on this journey.AppendixVirtualize 3D professional graphics process overviewHDX 3D Pro integrates with your existing XenDesktop infrastructure and leveragesthe same XenDesktop services such as provisioning services, profile management,app streaming and Desktop Director. HDX 3D Pro supports both XenServer VMsand physical host computers – including desktop, blade, and rack workstations.Again, you can deliver graphical applications either as part of a complete virtualdesktop or as a VM hosted app.citrix.comp
FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphicsDesign Guide18StepProcess nameDescription1Virtual desktop agentThe architecture begins with a physical machineor XenServer virtual machine (VM) hosting theapplication where you install the Virtual DesktopAgent for HDX 3D Pro.2XenDesktop controllerFrom a catalog containing the computer hostingthe graphical app and a desktop group youcreate, you assign the desktop or VM hosted appto a user.3Citrix Receiver/ Thin clientUsers access the desktop or VM hosted appthrough a Windows device or a XenDesktopcompatible Linux thin client running theappropriate Citrix Receiver.4Connection brokeringWhen a user logs on to Citrix Receiver andaccesses the desktop or VM hosted app, theco
may or may not be required to deliver business graphics, such as the Windows 8 style apps, PowerPoint transitions in Office 2013, or perform light 2D and 3D work. The cost and design considerations for business graphics are not in scope of this guide (faded area in diagram) This solution a
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