Human Development Report 2009 Overcoming Barriers

Human Development Report 2009Overcoming barriers:Human mobility and developmentIsabel Medalho PereiraHDRO‐UNDPDPI‐NGO, Migration and FamiliesNew York 13 May 2010

HDR09: Overcoming Barriers Focus on people and broader dimensions of well‐being, coversmovement across and behind borders, process and outcomesÆ Migration is typically a family decision !!Broad reach: between October‐end November 2009,2009 over 3 million views, withvisitors from 223 countriesand territories; over 150,000 downloads ofHDR in full or part .1

Some Clarifications Most movement in the world isnot from developing to developed countries,nor even between countries butwithin borders of countries (internal migration) Of the nearly 1 billion movers in the world,740 million are internal migrants. IInternationally,ttill theth sharehoff world’sld’ populationl timoving has been almost stable since 1960 but direction of movements has changed Family reunification and marriage migration is asignificant share of inflows into OECD countries 60% of annual flows in France, 70% in USA2

Some Clarifications Most movement in the world isnot from developing to developed countries,nor even between countries butwithin borders of countries (internal migration) Of the nearly 1 billion movers in the world,740 million are internal migrants. IInternationally,ttill theth sharehoff world’sld’ populationl timoving has been almost stable since 1960 but direction of movements has changed Family reunification and marriage migration is asignificant share of inflows into OECD countries 60% of annual flows in France, 70% in USA2

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunityVoices of the poor (WB, 2000) Impacts for families of migrants Not always everybody gains3

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunityVoices of the poor (WB, 2000)Niger: 2/3 respondents migrate to cope withlack of food,food clothing and income ImpactsIt ffor ffamiliesili off migrantsit Not always everybody gains3a

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunity Impacts for families of migrants Economic – income and consumption, remittancesMexico, 2003‐2005, poverty rate increased25% ‐ 31% for families without migrants29% ‐ 30% for families with migrants Education Health Social and cultural3b

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunity Impacts for families of migrants Economic EducationFamily that migrates from Nicaragua to Costa Rica,iincreasesini 22% theth probabilityb bilit thatth ttheir child enrolls in primary school Health Social and cultural3b

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunity Impacts for families of migrants Economic Education HealthMigrants from low HDI countries:16‐fold reduction in child mortality Social and cultural3b

Migrants from low HDI countries:16‐fold reduction in child mortality3b

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunity Impacts for families of migrants Economic Education Health Social and culturalInnovative ideas and knowledgeE hEnhancef il socialfamilyi l status ini communityi(e.g., Jordan, Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam)3b

Migration is typically a family decision Moving as a necessity or an opportunityVoices of the poor (WB, 2000) Impacts for families of migrants Not always everybody gains Costs of movingmo in Negative health impacts Discrimination and poor access tobasic services at destination3c

3c

Migration is a complement ofdevelopment not a substitute !development Long term agenda ‐ core package of suggestions: Liberalize and simplify regular channels,conditional on labour market conditions Ensure basic rights for migrants respect human rights, protect migrant workers and their families Reduce transaction costs associated with migration provide information on jobs and recruitments IImprove outcomes ini ddestinationi i communitiesii language training, community integration and combat xenophobia EnableE bl benefitsbfit fromfi tinternall migrationi ti Make mobility an integral part of HD strategies4

Thank you !http://hdr.undp.org/en/Isabel.pereira@undp.org

Human Development Report 2009 Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development Isabel Medalho Pereira HDRO‐UNDP DPI‐NGO, Migration and Families New York 13 May 2010