Victoria Street Graphic Design, San Clemente, CA .
ResourcesAcknowledgementsEditorial Assistance by Alice CasbaraDesigned by Jeff Girard,Victoria Street Graphic Design, San Clemente, CAIllustrated by Phil RobertsAll illustrations 1997 Phil Roberts. All rights reserved.Notice: This publication may be reproduced by the classroom teacherfor classroom use only. This publication may not be reproduced forstorage in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by anymeans—electronic, mechanical, recording—without the prior permission of the publisher. Reproduction of these materials for commercialresale is strictly prohibited,Amazon 1997. All rights reserved.Printed in USATEACHER GUIDE20
T E A C H E R ’ SG U I D EAmazon is an Ogden Entertainment film by Kieth Merrill. Distributed by MacGillivray Freeman Films.Table of Contents124IntroductionCHAPTER 1CHAPTER 26CHAPTER 38CHAPTER 4Great Speaker, River Sea:The Mighty AmazonACTIVITY: Top Ten Longest, Top TenLargest: Famous Riversof the WorldThe Amazon Forest:Where Life OverflowsACTIVITY: Where in the World areTropical Rainforests?Create a RainforestIn a Soda BottleThe Rainforest Is CloserThan You ThinkACTIVITY: Explore the Grocery,Discover the RainforestRainforest RecipesKingdom of the AntsACTIVITY: Happy TrailsSignificANT AchievementsDown and Dirty:Up Close with Ants10CHAPTER 5The World’s Most Beautiful RoofACTIVITY: Swingin’ in the RainMicrohabitats12CHAPTER 6In the Jungle,The Indian Knows EverythingACTIVITY: Words from the ForestNo Waste14CHAPTER 7Conservation Hero:The Shaman’s ApprenticeACTIVITY: What Shamans KnowCould Save Your Life16CHAPTER 8Discover EarthACTIVITY: In Your Own BackyardLive Simply So ThatOthers May Simply Live19GLOSSARY, RESOURCES, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIntroductionTEACHER GUIDE1
1Great Speaker, River Sea:The Mighty AmazonTo learn about the vast South American rainforest, we must first learn about the heartthat gives life to the forest. It is the mightiestriver in the world. Its name is AMAZON.The Amazon River is born high in the AndesMountains. It begins as a cold trickle of water, nowider than a mouse. As rain falls and snow melts,other streams from far away flow to meet it. Theriver grows larger, louder, faster. Indians call it“great speaker.” It rushes over forest cliffs and makesthunderous waterfalls. Sun strikes the mist and adouble rainbow appears!K E Y I D E A SThe river twists, turns,1 The Amazon River begins high in theflattens and widens. InAndes Mountains and empties into thesome places it seems likeAtlantic Ocean.a big, quiet sea. Indians2 The water network formed by the Amazoncall it “river sea.”Thisand its tributaries is one of the biggestvast, flowing water netwildlife homes on our planet.work is one of the3 The Amazon is much more than one river.biggest and most mysteThe total region drained by the Amazon andrious wildlife homes onits tributaries is called the Amazon Basin.It is more than ten times the size of France. our planet!Waters of the AmazonRiver and its tributaries contain 5,000 differentspecies of fish, with perhaps 2,000 more awaitingdiscovery. Look closely in these waters, and youmight see some tiny, familiar friends. Many fishcommonly found in home aquariums are SouthAmerican freshwater species. Electric eels, secretivestingrays, sharks, and razor-toothed piranhas alsoswim here. Long-nosed pink river dolphins clickand clack and squeak, using echolocation, like thefish-eating bats above them, to find food and avoidobstacles. Gentle giants, the Amazonian manatees,graze on underwater plants and communicatewith each other by muzzle-to-muzzle touchingand chirps. Giant river otters, one of the mostendangered mammals in the world, frolic and play,but become deadly serious when it’s time to eat.All this , and yet only ripples and the odd splashmade by a jumping fish give any clue to theabundance of life beneath the water surface.But the Amazon is much more than just oneriver. Like veins in a leaf, hundreds of streams joinlarger ones until they reach the mighty Amazon.TEACHER GUIDEThe entire area, known as the Amazon basin, ismore than ten times the size of France!2Amazon River: Facts and FiguresnnnnnnnFrom source to sea (the Atlantic Ocean), theAmazon River flows for 4,000 miles.It carries more water than any other river in theworld.The volume of water coming out of the Amazonis enough to fill a million bathtubs in less thana minute!The Amazon has more than a thousand majortributaries: ten of these are more than 620miles in length.The river discharges into the Atlantic in a flowso powerful that it dilutes the ocean water for100 miles.It is estimated that it would take 9,000 trainspulling 30 ten-ton trucks every day to carry thesame amount of sediment as the waters of theAmazon carry with it.The Amazon basin covers almost half the landof South America, including much of Brazil andparts of Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,and Bolivia.A C T I V I T Y :C H A P T E R1Top Ten Longest, Top Ten Largest:Famous Rivers of the WorldPurpose: Students will become familiar withsome of the great rivers of the world, their location, and relative sizes. Collectively, these riversrepresent the world’s water resources, as theycarry virtually all the water that is available forpeople and wildlife.“Longest” refers to the river’s length in miles.“Largest” refers to the total amount of water carriedby the river. For example, the Amazon is the largestriver in the world, but the Nile is the longest.Materials: Maps of the world20 - 8 1 2" x 11" pieces of cardboard.Procedure:1 Make 10 cards, each listing the name of one ofthe 10 longest rivers, the country or continentwhere it is found, and the length in miles.2 Pass the cards out and have students work inpairs to find their river on a world map.
The Major Rivers of the World23 Have 10 students holding the cards come to theTable 2:front of the room, and arrange themselves toshow the ten longest rivers in order of length.4 Repeat the activity with the top ten largestrivers.The Largest Rivers in the WorldTable 1:The Longest Rivers of the WorldRIVERLOCATIONLENGTHNileAmazonYangtzeHuang HeCongoMissouriLenaNigerYeniseiParanaNortheast AfricaSouth AmericaChinaChinaAfricaUnited onCongoYangtzeParanaOrinocoBrahmaputraSouth America 6,350,000 ft3/secAfrica1,400,000 ft3/secChina1,200,000 ft3/secArgentina777,000 ft3/secVenezuela706,000 ft3/secTibet, India,706,000 ft3/secBangladeshIndia670,000 ft3/secRussia670,000 ft3/secUnited States645,000 ft3/secRussia547,000 EDiscussion: What is the longest river in your state?What is the largest?Rivers have played very important roles in the courseof history. Why are rivers crucial to the survival ofpeople and wildlife?TEACHER GUIDE3
2The Amazon Forest:Where Life Overflows“The land is one great wild, untidy luxurianthothouse made by nature for herself.”— C H A R L E S DA R W I NAs the Amazon River flows to the sea, it alsorises to the sky, becoming clouds. Everyday itrains, bringing life to the forest. In everyavailable space, something grows; ferns, vines,mosses, shrubs, orchids and fungi, tiny trees andforest giants that are home to hundreds moreclingers, creepers and climbers. The forest is so wetthat the trees themselves rain. It smells like life. Thisis the tropical rainforest.K E Y I D E A SWarmth1 Tropical rainforests form a broken green(from the tropical sun)band around the equator. They receive at least 80 inches of rain per year, and theWetnessaverage temperature is around 77 F.(from equatorial rains ) 2 Tropical rainforests cover less than 7% ofRainforestearth’s land surface, but may hold morethan 50% of all species.Tropical rainforests forma broken, green band3 The Amazon rainforest is the largestaround the equator,expanse of tropical rainforest in the world.between the Tropic of4 Contrary to earlier beliefs, tropical rainforestCancer and the Tropic ofsoils are very poor.Capricorn.By definition,5 Tropical rainforests are complex ecosystemstheyreceivemore thanwhere the survival of one species is directlyinchesofraina year,80tied to the survival of many others.with some areas regularlygetting more than 200 inches and a few getting morethan 400! The average temperature is around 77 F.Moist, hot conditions over millions of yearshave created the perfect conditions for the explosion of life; and indeed the tropical forests of theworld represent the greatest show of plant andanimal diversity on Earth! Though they cover lessthan 7% of earth’s land surface, scientists thinkthey may hold more than 50% of all species.The Amazon rainforest is the largest expanse oftropical rainforest, nearly as large as the continentalUnited States. Together, the river and forest arehome to over one million species; more than arefound any place else on Earth. Although it isfamous, the Amazon forest probably has moreunexplored territory than any area in the world.Most of the forest grows on dry land, called terrafirma rainforest. The other main type is calledTEACHER GUIDEigapo. This is forest near the rivers that is floodedduring the wet season. The trees here do not4grow as tall.Living Lavishly On Next to NothingIn the past, people believed the Amazon rainforestwas situated on fertile soil because plants grew sowell. Now we know that most Amazon soils arevery poor. Instead of nutrients from the soil, theterra firma forest depends on rain and rottingvegetation to provide the food needed. As plantsdie, they feed other plants. Everything is recycledand in balance.A Fragile ComplexityIn this complex ecosystem, the survival of onespecies is directly tied to the survival of many others.Solving this ecological puzzle can be overwhelming,especially with hundreds of new pieces uncoveredeach year. Each species plays a slightly differentpart, and each katydid, treefrog, bat, parrot andmonkey, contributes a splash of beauty andexcitement to this intense and dramatic world.A C T I V I T Y :C H A P T E R2Where in the World Are TropicalRainforests?Purpose: Students will locate the equator, theTropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn on aglobe. Students will name the continents thatsupport tropical rainforests.Materials:n Inflatable globeProcedure:1 Place the palm of your hand on the widest partof the globe. (over the equator)2 Now spin the globe .3 Your open hand will pass over all of the tropicalrainforests of the world.Discussion: Which contintents support tropical rainforests? South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, NorthAmerica—on the North American continent,thereare rainforests in Central America, Hawaii, PuertoRico, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands).Why do rainforests grow in these places?
that has been folded several times.A C T I V I T Y :C H A P T E R24 Spread about one-inch of gravel over the plasticCreate A Rainforest In a Soda Bottle5Purpose: To demonstrate on a small scale thewater and nutrient cycle of the tropical rainforest6Materials:Two-liter plastic soda bottle n Scissors,n GravelPlastic wrapn Charcoal (sold for use in fish tank filters)n Two small tropical plants such as a fittonia,philodendron, prayer plant, artillery plant, etc.n Potting soiln7nProcedure:1 Take the label off the bottle and remove theblack bottom, rinse the bottle2 Cut the top off the bottle where it begins tocurve.3 Line the detached bottom with plastic wrap8wrap. Spread a thin layer of charcoal over thegravel and fill with potting soil.Dig a little hole in the soil for each of your plants.Place them in the holes and press lightly.Water the plants with about one-third cup ofwater. Invert and place the plastic cover overthe plants forming a dome.Place the terrarium in a spot that will receivealot of light, but not direct sunlight.Watch your rainforest to see the water releasedfrom the plants form droplets on the inside ofthe dome. These will rain down on the plantsand continuously water them. (You might haveto add a small amout of water to the soil everyfew weeks.)Discussion: WhichTEACHER GUIDE5
3The Rainforest Is CloserThan You Think!To most people, tropical rainforests seem likefaraway places that we might dream of visiting.In fact, plant pieces of the mysterious rainforest puzzle play important roles in our daily livesthat we either are not aware of or take for granted.Open your closets, medicine cabinets, garages,refrigerators and pantries. Visit a florist, a hospital,a bakery, a theatre, a hardware store, candy store—not to mention a grocery store, and you will quicklyrealize that rainforests are closer than you think!K E YI D E A SJungle ProduceEvery year the averageAmerican consumesour daily lives.more than 25 pounds ofMany food plants that the world nowbananas, and today theredepends on grow wild in tropical rainare few places in theforestsworld where it is notn addition to foods, rainforests are home topossible to buy a banana.plants important for medicines, fibers, oilsIntroduced to Europeand other valuable products.in1882,bananas wereOnly about 1% of rainforest plants havethefirstrainforest fruitbeen studied for their potential usefulnessdiscovered by westernersto peopleWe all have a stake in the welfare of tropical and were originallyavailable by prescriptionrainforests.only. “Florida” orangesoriginally came from the rainforest, as did lemons,limes, and grapefruits. Tomato, potato, pineappleand papaya, cashews, coffee, cloves and corn, allhave wild roots in tropical rainforests or othertropical habitats near rainforests. A recent tour at theBrooklyn Botanical Gardens entitled, “Ten PlantsThat Shook the World,” included six history-changingplants that originated in the tropics. (sugarcane,corn, bamboo, rubber, quinine, and pepper). Countthe number of tropical fruits for sale at your localgrocery store. It is only a fraction of the 3,000 typesof fruits that grow in the world’s tropical rainforests!While you’re thanking the rainforest forfavorite foods, thank it for life-changing, life-savingmedicines, woods, fibers, canes and oils, gums,resins, dyes and houseplants.1 Rainforest plants play important roles in2345Just A Blip On the Screen of PossibilitiesTEACHER GUIDE6Describing the plants of a tropical rainforest is alittle like trying to describe the people of New YorkCity or Los Angeles. The plants are every bit asdiverse as the people of these two large cities. Inspite of decades of exploration and exploitation,scientists have only thoroughly examined about1% of the hundreds of thousands of rainforestplants. Besides being good for people, new jungleproducts could be good for the jungle too; if theyare properly managed. In many ways, some ofwhich we don’t even understand yet, all of ushave a stake in the welfare of tropical rainforestsand of the people, wildlife, and plants that thrivein them.A C T I V I T Y :C H A P T E R3Explore the Grocery,Discover the Rainforest!Purpose: Learners will discover that the local gro-cery store would be a very different place withouttropical rainforests.Materials:n List of fruits, vegetables, spices, flavorings, nutsand other food products from tropical rainforests and habitats near tropical rainforests.avocadoguavamangopassion otomatograpefruitlimepapayapineapplesweet potatoyamallspiceblack peppercayenne (red pepper)chocolate or cocoaclovesgingernutmegpaprikavanillacardamomchili peppercinnamonmaceturmericBrazil nutscoffeepeanutssugarcoconutmacadamia nutssesame seedsteacashew nutscornricetapiocaProcedure:1 Take a class trip to a local grocery store.2 Divide the students into groups and have themexplore the store for forests products in their
raw form or as ingredients in processed foods.3 Assign one group fruits and vegetables, anothergroup spices and flavorings, and a third groupnuts and other miscellaneous products.4 If a trip is not possible, students can search forthese products with their parents at home orduring family trips to the grocery store.5 Have students choose a favorite food for further research. In what part of the world did itoriginate? (tropical America, tropical Asia, tropical Africa). How is the plant used by nativepeople? Is it grown comercially or still harvested from the rainforest?Discussion: WhichA C T I V I T Y :C H A P T E R3Rainforest RecipesPurpose: Taste some rainforest foods and createrainforest recipesMaterials:nSelected rainforests foodsProcedure:1 Purchase some of the products on the list.2 Taste them in class, and have students worktogether to create original rainforest recipes toshare with parents or younger students.3 (for example: tropical rainforest citrus salad,chocolate-banana pudding, avodado sun sandwiches, rice surprise (with corn, tomatoes,peanuts and pepper).Discussion: WhichTEACHER GUIDE7
4Kingdom of Ants“If human beings were not so impressed bysize alone, they would consider an ant morewonderful than a rhinoceros.”— E. O. W I L S O NAs human beings, we live in a sensory world ofsight and sound. We are attracted to andimpressed by the big and loud, the bold andbeautiful. When we imagine tropical rainforests, wesummon images of large, colorful parrots, noisymonkeys, enormous snakes and crocodiles, andthe big land predators; tigers in tropical Asia andjaguars in the Amazon.K E Y I D E A SBut although they are1 Large animals are relatively rare in jungles.beautiful and interesting,2 The truly dominant creatures of the tropicsthese animals areare ants.relatively rare in jungles.3 In the Amazon forest ants have more thanThe truly dominantfour times the biomass of all the landcreaturesof the tropicsvertebrates combined.seized control of a large4 People live in a world of sight and sound.part of the terrestrialAnts live in a chemical world of taste andenvironment long beforesmell.the first primates, let5 The chief herbivores of Amazonia are thealone the first humanleafcutter ants.beings, walked the earth.6 The leafcutter colony is a society of females;The tropical rainforest isa large mother queen and her millions ofreally the Kingdom ofdaughters.the Ants!7 Leafcutter ants grow their own food inThere are about 10,000underground fungus gardens.known species of ants in8 The fungus and the leafcutters are completelythe world, and scientistsdependent on each other. This relationshipthink that there may beis an example of symbiosis.two or three times thatmany. And while to us they might seem like littlespecs scurrying around on a pointless mission,there is alot of diversity among this group of socialinsects. The world’s smallest ant forms a colonythat could easily fit inside the brain case of theworld’s largest ant. Professor E.O. Wilson, theworld’s leading myrmecologist, calls ants “the littlethings that run the world.” He estimates that atany given moment there are about 10 15, or amillion billion, ants in the world!In the Amazon rainforest the ants alone havemore than four times the biomass of all of the landvertebrates combined - amphibians, reptiles, birds,TEACHER GUIDEand mammals. One millimeter above the ground,where ants exist, things are very different than they8seem to people looking down from a thousandtimes that distance. Instead of a world of sight andsound, ants live in a chemical world. They traveland communicate largely by taste and smell.In Amazonia, where there are lots of plantsand lots of creatures to eat them, the chief herbivores are the famous and fascinating leaf-cutterants. Their actions remove about 15% of leafproduction. It is a common and comical sight tolook down and see hundreds of dime-size greenleaf-banners marching along in the jaws of thetiny leaf-cutters as they rush back to their nest.The work capacity of leafcutters so impressedE.O. Wilson, that he converted into human termsthe speed at which they run and the weight theycarry during their leaf-transporting trips.“If one of these ants were a six-foot-tall person, itwould be running along those odor trails at a paceof
Amazon is an Ogden Entertainment film by Kieth Merrill. Distributed by MacGillivray Freeman Films. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Introduction 2 . Yangtze China 3,915 miles Huang He China 2,903 miles Congo Africa 2,900 miles Missouri United States 2,714 miles Lena Russia 2,600 miles Niger Africa 2,600 miles
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FUNCTIONAL AREA 1 APPLIED GRAPHIC DESIGN COMPETENCY LEVEL UNIT 1 Graphic Design Workflow TLO 7 APPLY graphic design workflow P ELO 7.1 Identify steps of the graphic design workflow ELO 7.2 Ideate elements for graphic design products ELO 7.3 Produce a design brief ELO 7.4 Present a design brief Unit 1 Hours: 3 UNIT 2 Digital Drawing
Graphic Organizer 8 Table: Pyramid 8 Graphic Organizer 9 Fishbone Diagram 9 Graphic Organizer 10 Horizontal Time Line 10 Graphic Organizer 11 Vertical Time Line 11 Graphic Organizer 12 Problem-Solution Chart 12 Graphic Organizer 13 Cause-Effect Chart 13 Graphic Organizer 14 Cause-Effect Chart 14
4. Does graphic show a relationship to the story? 5. Does graphic show a sound design technique? 6. Does graphic show an awareness of news value? 7. Does graphic utilize effective use of images? 8. Does graphic utilize effective fonts? 9. Does the graphic reflect accuracy of information? 10. Is the graphic free of grammatical and style errors? 11.
The site is located within the Old Town Small Area Plan and is bounded by Duke Street to the north, Wolfe Street to the south, South Patrick Street to the west and South Alfred . Patrick Street/King Street 4. S. Alfred Street/King St. 5. S. Washington Street/King Street 6. S. Henry Street/Prince Street 7. S. Alfred Street/Prince Street 8. S .
what graphic design is and the design process. The basic elements, principles and process of graphic design will be explored and illustrated by works of famous graphic designers. Through the problem-solving approach, students will learn how to apply the design basics to create graphic design solutions. Class time is devoted to
Working Dog Club of Victoria Inc Championship Show Saturday 31st July 2021 At KCC Park, Skye JUDGE Mrs Cheryl Sheppard (Vic) The Working Dog Club of Victoria is affiliated with Dogs Victoria. These shows are held under the Rules and Regulations of Dogs Victoria, a copy of which may be perused at the office.
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