Preventing Injuries And Deaths From Skid-Steer Loaders
Preventing Injuries and Deathsfrom Skid-Steer LoadersDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWorkplaceSafety and Health
NOTICE TO READERSThe first edition of this Alert incorrectly referenced several OSHA regulations as applying to skid-steer loaders. This revised edition removes references to those standards. In addition, this revised Alert addresses differences in skid-steer loader design and contains several minor revisions and changes in wording to improve clarity.This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied andreprinted.DISCLAIMERMention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, citations to Web sitesexternal to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizationsor their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content ofthese Web sites. All Web addresses referenced in this document were accessible as ofthe publication date.ORDERING INFORMATIONTo receive NIOSH documents or more information about occupational safety and healthtopics, contact NIOSH at:1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)TTY: 1–888–232–6348E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.govor visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/niosh.For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visitingwww.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews.DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2011–128(superscedes 98–117)December 2010Safe Healthier PeopleTM
Preventing Injuries and Deaths fromSkid-Steer LoadersWARNING!3. Maintain the machine in safe operating condition: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Keep the foot controls free of mud, ice, snow,and debris. Regularly inspect and maintain the following safety devices:Workers who operate or work near skid-steer loaders may becrushed or caught by the machine or its parts.If you operate or work near skid-steer loaders, takethese steps to protect yourself.1. Follow safe operating procedures: Read and understand all safety and operatingprocedures outlined in the operators manual,workshop manual, and safety decals.Operate the loader only when properly positioned in the operator’s compartment—never from the outside. Do not travel across slopes. Travel straightup or down, with the heavy end of the machine pointed uphill.——Seat belts——Restraint bars——Side screens——Rollover protective structures (ROPS)——Falling object protective structures(FOPS)Keep bystanders away from the work area. NEVER modify or bypass safety devices. NEVER carry riders. NEVER modify or bypass safety devices. Be aware that each machine may operatedifferently.For additional information, see NIOSH Alert: Preventing Injuries and Death from Skid-Steer Loaders[DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–128 (supersedes98–117)]. To request single copies of the Alert, contactNIOSH at NEVER exceed the manufacturer’s recommended load capacity.Telephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov If you must perform service under a raisedbucket, make sure the lift-arm support device is in place.2. Enter and exit from the loader safely:Stay seated when operating the loader controls. Operate with the seat belt snuggly fastenedand the restraint bar properly positioned, ifone is provided.Enter and exit a loader when the bucket isflat on the ground or when the lift-arm support device is in place. Keep hands, arms, legs, and head inside theoperator’s compartment while operating theloader.When entering a loader, face the seat andkeep a three-point contact with handholdsand steps. NEVER use foot or hand controls as steps orhandholds.Load, unload, and turn on level ground whenpossible. Keep all walking and working surfaces cleanand clear of debris. Travel and turn with the bucket in the lowestposition possible. Carry the load low. Before leaving the operator’s seat:Operate on stable surfaces only. Avoid slippery surfaces.Control interlocksThe first edition of this Alert incorrectly referenced several OSHA regulations as applyingto skid-steer loaders. This revised edition removes references to those standards. In addition, this revised Alert addresses differencesin skid-steer loader design and contains several minor revisions and changes in wordingto improve clarity. ——NOTICE TO READERS——lower the bucket flat on the ground,——set the parking brake,——turn off the engine.or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/nioshFor a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe toNIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNewsDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Preventing Injuries and Deaths fromSkid-Steer LoadersWARNING!3. Maintain the machine in safe operating condition: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Keep the foot controls free of mud, ice, snow,and debris. Regularly inspect and maintain the following safety devices:Workers who operate or work near skid-steer loaders may becrushed or caught by the machine or its parts.If you operate or work near skid-steer loaders, takethese steps to protect yourself.1. Follow safe operating procedures: Read and understand all safety and operatingprocedures outlined in the operators manual,workshop manual, and safety decals.Operate the loader only when properly positioned in the operator’s compartment—never from the outside. Do not travel across slopes. Travel straightup or down, with the heavy end of the machine pointed uphill.——Seat belts——Restraint bars——Side screens——Rollover protective structures (ROPS)——Falling object protective structures(FOPS)Keep bystanders away from the work area. NEVER modify or bypass safety devices. NEVER carry riders. NEVER modify or bypass safety devices. Be aware that each machine may operatedifferently.For additional information, see NIOSH Alert: Preventing Injuries and Death from Skid-Steer Loaders[DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–128 (supersedes98–117)]. To request single copies of the Alert, contactNIOSH at NEVER exceed the manufacturer’s recommended load capacity.Telephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov If you must perform service under a raisedbucket, make sure the lift-arm support device is in place.2. Enter and exit from the loader safely:Stay seated when operating the loader controls. Operate with the seat belt snuggly fastenedand the restraint bar properly positioned, ifone is provided.Enter and exit a loader when the bucket isflat on the ground or when the lift-arm support device is in place. Keep hands, arms, legs, and head inside theoperator’s compartment while operating theloader.When entering a loader, face the seat andkeep a three-point contact with handholdsand steps. NEVER use foot or hand controls as steps orhandholds.Load, unload, and turn on level ground whenpossible. Keep all walking and working surfaces cleanand clear of debris. Travel and turn with the bucket in the lowestposition possible. Carry the load low. Before leaving the operator’s seat:Operate on stable surfaces only. Avoid slippery surfaces.Control interlocksThe first edition of this Alert incorrectly referenced several OSHA regulations as applyingto skid-steer loaders. This revised edition removes references to those standards. In addition, this revised Alert addresses differencesin skid-steer loader design and contains several minor revisions and changes in wordingto improve clarity. ——NOTICE TO READERS——lower the bucket flat on the ground,——set the parking brake,——turn off the engine.or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/nioshFor a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe toNIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNewsDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Prevención de lesiones y muertes causadaspor minicargadores Mantenga todas las superficies para caminary trabajar despejadas y libres de residuos. Antes de abandonar el asiento del operador:——baje el cucharón para que descanse sobreel piso,——accione el freno de estacionamiento y——apague el motor.¡ADVERTENCIA!Los trabajadores que operan o trabajan cerca de minicargadores puedenser aplastados o quedar atrapados por la máquina o sus partes.Si usted opera o trabaja cerca de minicargadores,siga los pasos siguientes para protegerse. Opere sólo en superficies estables. Evite lassuperficies resbalosas.1. Siga los procedimientos de operación segura: No avance de manera transversal sobreterrenos inclinados. Avance en línea rectahacia arriba o hacia abajo con la partepesada de la máquina apuntando hacia laparte elevada del terreno. Lea y entienda todos los procedimientos deseguridad y de operación que se mencionanen el manual para los operadores, en elmanual del taller y en las calcomanías deseguridad.Opere el cargador sólo cuando usted estébien ubicado en el compartimiento deloperador, y nunca desde afuera. Permanezca sentado cuando opere loscontroles del cargador. Trabaje con el cinturón de seguridad bienajustado y la barra de sujeción en la posicióncorrecta, en caso de que cuente con una.3. Mantenga la máquina en condiciones deoperación segura: Siga las instrucciones del fabricante. Mantenga los controles de pie libres de lodo,hielo, nieve y residuos. Inspeccione y dé mantenimiento conregularidad a los siguientes dispositivos deseguridad: Mantenga a los espectadores alejados delárea de trabajo.——Controles entrelazados NUNCA modifique o pase por alto losdispositivos de seguridad.——Cinturones de seguridad——Barras de sujeciónRejillas lateralesEstructuras de protección contravolcaduras (ROPS, por sus siglas eninglés) NUNCA transporte pasajeros.—— Tenga en cuenta que cada máquina puedeoperar de manera diferente.——2. Entre y salga del cargador de manera segura: Mantenga las manos, los brazos, las piernasy la cabeza dentro del compartimiento deloperador mientras opere el cargador. Cuando sea posible, cargue, descargue y gireen terrenos nivelados. Avance y gire con el cucharón en la posiciónmás baja posible. Lleve la carga a una alturabaja. Entre y salga del cargador únicamentecuando el cucharón esté descansando sobreel piso o cuando el dispositivo de soportepara el brazo de elevación se encuentre enposición.Cuando entre al cargador, colóquese frente alasiento y utilice agarraderas y peldaños paramantener tres puntos de contacto.NUNCA utilice los controles de mano o de piecomo agarraderas o peldaños.——Estructuras de protección contra caída deobjetos (FOPS, por sus siglas en inglés) NUNCA modifique o pase por alto losdispositivos de seguridad. NUNCA exceda la capacidad de carga querecomienda el fabricante. Si debe realizar un servicio de reparacióndebajo de un cucharón alzado, asegúrese deque el dispositivo de soporte para el brazo deelevación se encuentre en posición.AVISO A LOS LECTORESLa primera edición de esta Alerta hace referencias incorrectas a varias regulaciones dela OSHA como si se aplicaran a los minicargadores. Esta edición revisada elimina lasreferencias a esos estándares. Además, estaAlerta revisada se refiere a las diferencias enel diseño de los minicargadores y contienevarias revisiones menores y cambios en la redacción para mejorar la claridad.For additional information, see NIOSH Alert: Preventing Injuries and Death from Skid-Steer Loaders[DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–XXX (supersedes98–117)]. To request single copies of the Alert, contactNIOSH atTelephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.govor visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/nioshFor a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe toNIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNewsDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Prevención de lesiones y muertes causadaspor minicargadores Mantenga todas las superficies para caminary trabajar despejadas y libres de residuos. Antes de abandonar el asiento del operador:——baje el cucharón para que descanse sobreel piso,——accione el freno de estacionamiento y——apague el motor.¡ADVERTENCIA!Los trabajadores que operan o trabajan cerca de minicargadores puedenser aplastados o quedar atrapados por la máquina o sus partes.Si usted opera o trabaja cerca de minicargadores,siga los pasos siguientes para protegerse. Opere sólo en superficies estables. Evite lassuperficies resbalosas.1. Siga los procedimientos de operación segura: No avance de manera transversal sobreterrenos inclinados. Avance en línea rectahacia arriba o hacia abajo con la partepesada de la máquina apuntando hacia laparte elevada del terreno. Lea y entienda todos los procedimientos deseguridad y de operación que se mencionanen el manual para los operadores, en elmanual del taller y en las calcomanías deseguridad.Opere el cargador sólo cuando usted estébien ubicado en el compartimiento deloperador, y nunca desde afuera. Permanezca sentado cuando opere loscontroles del cargador. Trabaje con el cinturón de seguridad bienajustado y la barra de sujeción en la posicióncorrecta, en caso de que cuente con una. Mantenga a los espectadores alejados delárea de trabajo. NUNCA modifique o pase por alto losdispositivos de seguridad. 3. Mantenga la máquina en condiciones deoperación segura: Siga las instrucciones del fabricante. Mantenga los controles de pie libres de lodo,hielo, nieve y residuos. Mantenga las manos, los brazos, las piernasy la cabeza dentro del compartimiento deloperador mientras opere el cargador. Cuando sea posible, cargue, descargue y gireen terrenos nivelados. Avance y gire con el cucharón en la posiciónmás baja posible. Lleve la carga a una alturabaja. La primera edición de esta Alerta hace referenciasincorrectas a varias regulaciones de la OSHA comosi se aplicaran a los minicargadores. Esta ediciónrevisada elimina las referencias a esos estándares.Además, esta Alerta revisada se refiere a lasdiferencias en el diseño de los minicargadores ycontiene varias revisiones menores y cambios en laredacción para mejorar la claridad.Para más información, consulte la Alerta deNIOSH: Prevención de lesiones y muertes causadaspor minicargadores (en inglés). [Publicación deNo. 2011–128 (reemplaza 98–117) de DHHS(NIOSH)].——Controles entrelazados——Cinturones de seguridad——Barras de sujeciónTelephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636)TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.govNUNCA transporte pasajeros.——Rejillas lateraleso visite el sitio Web de NIOSH en www.cdc.gov/nioshTenga en cuenta que cada máquina puedeoperar de manera diferente.——Estructuras de protección contravolcaduras (ROPS, por sus siglas eninglés)Para recibir boletines mensuales con actualizacionesde NIOSH, suscríbase a NIOSH eNews en www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews.——Estructuras de protección contra caída deobjetos (FOPS, por sus siglas en inglés)DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUD Y SERVICIOS HUMANOS2. Entre y salga del cargador de manera segura: Inspeccione y dé mantenimiento conregularidad a los siguientes dispositivos deseguridad:AVISO A LOS LECTORESEntre y salga del cargador únicamentecuando el cucharón esté descansando sobreel piso o cuando el dispositivo de soportepara el brazo de elevación se encuentre enposición.Cuando entre al cargador, colóquese frente alasiento y utilice agarraderas y peldaños paramantener tres puntos de contacto.NUNCA utilice los controles de mano o de piecomo agarraderas o peldaños. NUNCA modifique o pase por alto losdispositivos de seguridad. NUNCA exceda la capacidad de carga querecomienda el fabricante. Si debe realizar un servicio de reparacióndebajo de un cucharón alzado, asegúrese deque el dispositivo de soporte para el brazo deelevación se encuentre en posición.Solicite copias gratuitas de esta Alerta escribiendo a:Centros para el Control y la Prevención de EnfermedadesInstituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional
Preventing Injuries and Deaths fromSkid-Steer LoadersWARNING!Workers who operate or work near skid-steer loaders may be crushed orcaught by the machine or its parts.The National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in preventing injuries and deathsamong workers who operate, service, orwork near skid-steer loaders. This type ofloader is commonly used in agriculture,construction, and general industry for materials handling and excavating. NIOSH studies in the 1990s suggested that employers,supervisors, and workers may not fully appreciate the potential hazards associatedwith operating or working near skid-steerloaders and they may not follow safe workprocedures for controlling these hazards.This Alert describes six deaths involvingskid-steer loaders and recommends methods for preventing similar incidents.BACKGROUNDRisk of InjuryImproper operation of skid-steer loaderscan put workers at risk of rollover and runover incidents. These risks are similar tothose associated with other types of mobileconstruction machinery. However, skid-steerloaders have features that can expose workers to additional injury risks.Most skid-steer loaders are configured withthe operator’s seat and controls located between two lift arms and in front of the lift-armpivot points. The operator enters and exitsthrough the front of the machine by steppingover the lowered lift arm and its attachment,usually a loader bucket (see Figure 1). Thisfront-entry configuration places the operatorin the zone of lift-arm movement with the potential of being caught between the machineframe and the lift arm or attachment if controls are inadvertently activated during entryor exit. Side entry skid-steer loaders were introduced into the U.S. market in 1995. Thisside-entry configuration allows the operatorto enter and exit the machine on the side opposite the single lift arm, away from the zoneof lift-arm movement.However, while performing activities otherthan entering or exiting the machine, the potential for injury from being caught betweenthe lift-arm attachment and the machine1
Figure 1frame is present with either type of machinewhen safe procedures are not followed. Forexample, skid-steer loaders are very compactand the operator sits close to the zone of liftarm movement. Operators can be struck bya lift arm or caught between a lift arm andthe machine frame if they lean or reach outof the operator’s compartment while the liftarm is moving.Current SafeguardsControl Interlocks—To prevent unintentionalcontrol activation, skid-steer loaders areequipped with interlocked control systems.These interlocked control systems requirethat a safety device such as a seat belt besecured or restraint bar be properly positioned2before the operational controls can function.This ensures that the operator is safely seated away from the zone of lift-arm movementbefore the machine can be operated.Rollover Protective Structures and Operator Restraints—Skid-steer loaders are alsoequipped with rollover protective structures(ROPS) and seat belts to keep the operatorinside the machine during rollover incidents.Falling object protective structures (FOPS)are provided to protect the operator from being struck by falling material.Side Screens—Metal or glass side screensintegrated with the ROPS prevent the operator from leaning or reaching out of the operator’s compartment and coming into contactwith a moving lift arm. Side screens mayPreventing Injuries and Deaths from Skid-Steer Loaders
also protect operators from being injuredby debris or objects entering the operator’scompartment.Fatality DataSeveral databases identify work-related fatalities in the United States: NTOF*—NIOSH National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities Surveillance System FACE—NIOSH Fatality Assessment andControl Evaluation Program CFOI—Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries of the Bureau of Labor StatisticsThe follow
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Preventing Injuries and Deaths from Skid-Steer Loaders Workplace Safety and Health. NOTICE TO READERS The first edition of this Alert incorrectly referenced several OSHA regulations as ap-plying to skid-steer loaders. This revised edition removes references to those stan-dards. In addition, this .
Workplace fatal injuries in Great Britain 2018 Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Fatal injuries to workers 3 Headline figures 3 Injuries by industry 4 Injuries by accident kind 6 Injuries by gender and age 7 Injuries by employment status 8 Injuries by country within GB 9 Injury comparison with other countries 10 .
Workplace fatal injuries in Great Britain, 2019 Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Fatal injuries to workers 3 Headline figures 3 Injuries by industry 4 Injuries by accident kind 6 Injuries by gender and age 7 Injuries by employment status 8 Injuries by country within GB 9 Injury comparison with other countries 10 .
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