Introduction To Wetland Plant Identification Webinar
Introduction toWetland PlantIdentificationWebinarAssociation of State Wetland Managers & EPARegion 7Joseph S. Ely, Ph.D.University of Central MissouriDepartment of Biology and Agriculture1 June 2017
Tour of Wetlands
Is this Missouri?
Allred Lake Natural Area, SE MissouriTupelo-Bald Cypress SwampNyssa aquatica and Taxodium distichum
Pin Oak Slough Natural Area, Knob Noster State Park, MOPin oak - Button Bush Quercus palustris - Cephalanthusoccidentalis
Saline Seep, Blue Lick Conservation Area, MO Spartinapectinata prairie cordgrass
Oxidized Rhizospheres
Saline Valley Conservation Big Buffalo Creek Fen,Big Buffalo Creek ConservationArea, Spring and seepArea
Otter Slough Conservation Area, MOHymenocallis caroliniana spider lily
Outline1. Wetland Tour2. Plant Habit3. Plant Organs & Characteristics1) Roots2) Stems3) Leaves4. Reproductive Organs1) Cones2) Flowers5. Dichotomous Key1) Major Plant Groups2) Selected Monocot and Dicot Families
Bryophytes (Mosses,Liverworts & Hornworts)Pteridophytes – Vascular seedless plants(Ferns, Equisetum spp. and Lycopodium spp.)Gymnosperms – Woody cone bearing Angiosperms –The flowering Plantsplants with naked seeds (Pinaceae, (Monocots and Dicots)Cupressaceae)
Tools for the Identification ofWetland Plants A plant to identify (preferably fresh-not herbariumspecimen) 10 x hand lens or Stereoscopic (Dissecting)Microscope Single edge razor blade and a pair of dissectingneedles Dichotomous Key (we will use these later on) State or regional Flora (often with DichotomousKeys)
Vegetative & ReproductiveMorphologicalCharacteristics needed toIdentify Wetland Plants
Type of RootsFibrousTap
Phalaris arundinaceaSagittaria latifoliaCrocus chrysanthus
Terminal BudBud ScalesLateral BudNodeInternodeVascularBundleScarsNodeLeaf ScarLenticel
ChamberedTendrilsSolidDiaphragmedSpur ShootsHollowThornsPricklesSpines
Leaf Morphology and Phyllotaxy (leaf arrangement on Stem)
Leaf Shape, Venation, and Margins
Leaf Shape, and Margins
Leaf Apices
Leaf Bases
Leaf Surfaces
Gymnosperm and Angiosperm Reproductive StructuresGymnosperms – Woody cone bearingplants with naked seeds (Pinaceae,Cupressaceae)Angiosperms –The flowering Plants(Monocots and Dicots)
Gymnosperm Reproductive Structures
Angiosperm Basic Reproductive Structureshttp://www2.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert Muth/art0021.jpgHypanthium is a tubular outgrowth of the receptacle or corolla tube
Bryophytes (Mosses,Liverworts & Hornworts)Pteridophytes – Vascular seedless plants(Ferns, Equisetum spp. and Lycopodium spp.)Gymnosperms – Woody cone bearing Angiosperms –The flowering Plantsplants with naked seeds (Pinaceae, (Monocots and Dicots)Cupressaceae)
Major Plant Group Dichotomous Key1. Plants lacking vascular tissue, roots, stems, leaves, and seeds; mainly reproducing by spores;gametophyte green and photosynthetic and dominant phase of life-cycle, Sporophyte nonphotosynthetic and dependent on the Gametophyte – BRYOPHYTES (Mosses, Liverworts andHornworts).1. Plants possessing true roots, stems and leaves; vascular tissue present; reproducing by sporesor seeds; sporophyte is dominant phase of the life-cycle ------------------------------------------ 22. Plants not producing flowers or seeds, mainly reproducing by spores; gametophyte andsporophyte generations independent at maturity (gametophytes sometimes subterranean,very small, or included in the spore wall) ------------------- PTERIDOPHYTES (Fern and Fern Allies)2. Plants reproducing by seeds; gametophytes reduced and enclosed entirely within tissues ofthe sporophyte at maturity, not independent ----- 33. Flowers not produced; ovules not enclosed in an ovary, instead borne on the surfaceof a scale, the scales commonly grouped into a strobilus (cone), this becoming more-or-lesswoody in texture or berrylike at maturity; plants shrubs or trees with needlelike or scalelikeleaves ------------------------------------------------- GYMNOSPERMS3. Flowers are produced; ovules enclosed in an ovary, this becoming a fruit at maturity;plants herbs, shrubs, or trees with variously shaped leaves (if leaves all scale like orneedlelike, then the plant is an herb) ---------------------------------------------- 4 (ANGIOSPERMS)
Major Plant Group Dichotomous Key4. Flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens and pistils) or the perianth whorls mostly withmultiples of 4 or 5 parts (rarely none); leaves often lacking sheaths, mostly with pinnate,palmate, or netted venation, the main veins usually not parallel and not joined only at thebase and tip of the leaf blade; cotyledons usually 2 ------------------------------- DICOTS4. Flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens and pistils) or perianth whorls mostly 3 or multiples of3 (in flowers with modified perianth structure, such as grasses and sedges, the stamensand/or stigmas often in multiples of 3); the main veins usually parallel, joined at the baseand tip of the leaf blade, the smaller veins parallel or forming a network; cotyledon 1 or lesscommonly absent; stem usually not forming a ring (appearing as 1 or more rings in groupswith hollow stems) ------------ MONOCOTS
MonocotDicot MonocotDicot
A Modification of the Key to Groups of Wetland Plants inthe Midwest*1. Plants vascular or non-vascular, reproducing by spores, not seeds ---------------------- 21. Plants reproducing by seeds (naked or enclosed in an ovary), herbaceous or woody,reproductive structures either through cones or flowers --------------------------------------- 32. Plants lacks vascular tissue; roots, stem and leaves absent ------------------ Bryophytes2. Plants with vascular tissue; roots, stem and leaves present --------------- Pteridophytes3. Plants woody; naked seeds born on a scale in a woody cone ---------- Gymnosperms3. Herbaceous or woody plants that maybe aquatic or terrestrial with flowers (eithershowy or reduced); seeds borne within the ovary; fruits are produced ---------------- 4(Angiosperms or Flowering Plants)4. Parallel veins; flower parts usually in 3's or multiples there of --------- 5 (Monocots)4. Netted leaf veins; flower parts usually in 4's or 5's or multiples there of --- 7 (Dicots)
Monocot Key5. Plants without apparent sepals and petals or perianth, each flower associated with(often hidden) by scales or scale like structures with flowers arranged in spikelets ------- 66. Leaves 2-ranked, the sheaths usually open; Stems typically hollow, round or flat (nottriangular) and jointed; stamens with the anther attached to the middle with thefilament ------------------------ Poaceae (Grasses)6. Leaves 3-ranked, sheaths closed (maybe ruptured); stems typically triangular orround; stamens attached at the base of the filament ------------- Cyperaceae (Sedges)5. Flowers with normal sepals and petals (green or brown in Juncaceae), not arranged inspikes or spikelets --------------------- other Monocots
Poaceae habit and MorphologyNote leaves are two-ranked along the stem
Poaceae Inflorescence, Spikelets and Florets
Agrostis stolonifera L.creeping bentgrass
Arundinaria gigantea (Walter)Muhl. giant cane
Chasmanthium latifoliumMichx.) Yates river oats
Cinna arundinacea L. sweet woodreed
Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould deertongue
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark(tapered rosette grass)
Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees redtop panicgrass
Panicum virgatum L. switchgrassSteve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. prairie wedgescaleDouglas Ladd, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Fieldoffice illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.
Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.)Fernald rough barnyardgrass
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.fowl mannagrass
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrassSteve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Paspalum fluitans (Elliott) Kunth horsetail paspalumDouglas Ladd, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Fieldoffice illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.Jose Hernandez, hosted by the USDA-
Phalaris arundinacea L.reed canarygrassSteve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS DatabasRobert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.Sheri Hagwood, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reedRobert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.
Steve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS DatabasePoa compressa. L Canada bluegrass
Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link prairie cordgrass
Cyperaceae Inflorescence, Spikelets and Flowerleaves are three-ranked alongthe stem (stem typically triangular)
Carex conjuncta
Carexfrankii
Carexgranularis
Carex hyalinolepis
Carexlupulina
Carex radiata
Carex squarrosa
Carextribuloides
Carexvulpinoidea
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult.blunt spikerushSteve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Alisma subcordatum Raf.American water plantainRobert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.
Juncaceae3 stigmasstamenspetalssepals
Steve Hurst, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS DatabaseJuncus effusus L.common rush
Juncus dudleyi WiegandDudley's rush
Typha angustifolia L.narrowleaf cattail Staminateand pistillate portions separatedTypha latifolia L. broadleafcattail Staminate and pistillateportions continuous
Dicot Key7. Plants are woody (Trees, shrubs, vines; stems woody) ------------------------- Woody Dicots(not discussed here)7. Plants are herbaceous; stems not woody -------- 88. Leaves compound; divided into distinct leaflets -------- Dicots with Compound Leaves8. Leaves single and entire and not compound - 99. Most or all the leaves opposite or whorled -- Dicots with Opposite or Whorled Leaves9. Most or all the leaves alternate ---------------------------- Dicots with Alternate Leaves
Rosaceae – Rose FamilyAgrimonia pubescensAgrimonia parviflora
Geum canadense Jacq. white avenst H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS.Midwest wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwestnal Technical Center, Lincoln.Rosaceae – Rose Family
Robert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) FernaldAmerican hogpeanutApios americana Medik. groundnutFabaceae – Bean Family
Senna marilandica (L.) LinkMaryland sennaFabaceae – Bean Family
Bidens frondosa L. devil'sbeggartickAsteraceae – Composite orAster FamilyRobert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.
Robert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.Apiaceae – Carot FamilyCicuta maculata L. spottedwater hemlock
Apiaceae – Carot FamilyChaerophyllum procumbens(L.) Crantz spreading chervilRobert H. Mohlenbrock, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwestwetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln.
Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey butterweedAsteraceae – Composite orAster Family
Dicot Key7. Plants are woody (Trees, shrubs, vines; stems woody) ------------------------- Woody Dicots(not discussed here)7. Plants are herbaceous; stems not woody -------- 88. Leaves compound; divided into distinct leaflets -------- Dicots with Compound Leaves8. Leaves single and entire and not compound - 99. Most or all the leaves opposite or whorled - Dicots with Opposite or Whorled Leaves9. Most or all the leaves alternate ---------------------------- Dicots with Alternate Leaves
Scrophulariaceae– FigwortDicotsLeavessimple and oppositeFamilyGratiola neglecta Torr.Agalinis purpurea (L.)Pennell purple false foxglove clammy hedgehyssop
Asteraceae – Composite orAster FamilyEupatorium perfoliatum L.common bonesetEutrochium maculatum (L.)E.E. Lamont spotted joe pyeweed
Scutellaria lateriflora L.blue skullcapScrophulariacea – FigwortFamilyMimulus alatus Aitonsharpwing monkeyflower
Rubiaceae – Madder FamilyGalium obtusum Bigelowbluntleaf bedstrawGalium tinctorium (L.)Scop stiff marshbedstraw
Urticaceae – Nettle FamilyBoehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.smallspike false nettleLaportea canadensis (L.) WeddellCanadian woodnettle
Lythraceae – Toothcup FamilyAmmannia coccinea Rottb. valley redstem
Apocynum cannabinum L.IndianhempAsclepias incarnata L. swampmilkweedApocynaceae –Dogbane FamilyAsclepiadaceae – MilkweedFamily
Dicot Key7. Plants are woody (Trees, shrubs, vines; stems woody) ------------------------- Woody Dicots(not discussed here)7. Plants are herbaceous; stems not woody -------- 88. Leaves compound; divided into distinct leaflets -------- Dicots with Compound Leaves8. Leaves single and entire and not compound - 99. Most or all the leaves opposite or whorled -- Dicots with Opposite or Whorled Leaves9. Most or all the leaves alternate ---------------------------- Dicots with Alternate Leaves
Asteraceae – Composite orAster FamilyRudbeckia laciniata L. cutleafconeflowerSolidago gigantea Aitongiant goldenrod
Polygonaceae – SmartweedFamilyPolygonum hydropiper L.marshpepper knotweedPolygonum hydropiperoidesMichx. swamp smartweed
Thank You for Listening Today1. Wetland Tour2. Plant Habit3. Plant Organs & Characteristics1) Roots2) Stems3) Leaves4. Reproductive Organs1) Cones2) Flowers5. Dichotomous Key1) Major Plant Groups2) Selected Monocot and Dicot Families
Schizaea pusilla
A Modification of the Key to Groups of Wetland Plants in the Midwest* 1. Plants vascular or non-vascular, reproducing by spores, not seeds ----- 2 1. Plants eproducing by seed
wetland ecosystem. The boundary of the wetland is identified by changes in vegetation structure, loss of hydrophytes, and wetland soil characteristics. This wetland definition encom-passes a wide range of ecosystems, from semi-terrestrial fens, bogs, and swamps to semi-aquatic marshes and shallow open water. Excluded from the definition are
An assortment of wetland plant and animal pictures on page 6 Yarn Materials A Wetland Web Wetland Connections Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge 1. Continuing from the “Wetland Food Chains Activity,” randomly pass the pictures to all team members until all pictures are used. 2. Start with the lowest component of the food web .
In this paper, the effectiveness of the wetland plant Canna indica and . sedimentation etc In this paper Grey water is treated using Modified Rooty zone system in Wetland Column. . (m2/pe) is the one of the major design parameter that is used in practice. The surface area requirement for the treatment of wastewater in constructed wetland .
Lesson Plan Lesson Preparation Review the Science Background provided in the Unit’s Overview and the Teacher Reading Wetland Ecosystems. Review and prepare copies of student reading Ecosystem Interdependence, Food Chain & Carbon Cycle worksheet and Wetland Note-taking worksheet, one for each student. Preview PowerPoint Introduction to Wetlands “Hawai‘i’s Wetland Ecosystems .
wetland, freshwater wetland or property line that decreases the shortest existing nonconforming setback distance from the water body, great pond, stream, tributary stream, coastal wetland, freshwater wetland
list the biotic and abiotic factors in a wetland. 3) Using the list of organisms that they observed and would expect to observe in a wetland, have students create an energy pyramid of a wetland ecosystem on the “Energy Pyramid” worksheet.
2. The IWC will be a tool for the surveillance of wetland extent and condition over a 10-20 year timeframe. 3. The IWC will be suitable for use at a wetland at any time of year. 4. The IWC will be designed to assess wetland condition in a single visit. 5. The IWC will be a rapid assessment tool. 6. The IWC will be simple, straightforward and .
Only 20.4 percent of coastal wetland areas (not including wetland parks and marine parks) have been protected, much lower than the overall wetland protection rate nationwide (43.51 percent), which has a great gap with the developed countries and regions in Europe and USA.
