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CONTENTS1 FOREWORD BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL3 INTRODUCTION BY THE HIGH COMMISSIONERFOR HUMAN RIGHTS5 WHY A DECADE FOR PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT?8 WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF THE DECADE?8 WHAT IS THE PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIESFOR THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE?9 WHAT CAN WE DO AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL?10 RECOGNITION13 JUSTICE15 DEVELOPMENT16 MULTIPLE OR AGGRAVATED DISCRIMINATION17 WHAT CAN WE DO AT THE REGIONAL ANDINTERNATIONAL LEVELS?21 WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS DOING?27 WHERE CAN WE GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE DECADE?5
3 Children in a camp for internally displaced people (IDPs).Photo: UN Photo/Logan Abassi Haiti.
FOREWORDPeople of African descent have made outstanding contributions to thedevelopment of societies and nations throughout history, and continue to do so today. Yet there has beenvery limited recognition and appreciation of their heritage and cultures. The International Decade forPeople of African Descent (2015-2024) is a chance to redress this prejudice.The challenges faced by people of African descent are in part the legacy of the shameful, centuries-longpractice of slavery, discrimination and segregation. Racism, structural discrimination, marginalization, hatespeech and hate crimes remain virulent and widespread, despite all we have experienced and learned overthe years. Migrants and refugees from Africa are among today’s most vulnerable people, at the intersectionof discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, social and economic status, and citizenship. It is all themore impressive that in spite of this adversity, people of African descent are leaders in all walks of life, fromart to business, politics to philanthropy, sport to statesmanship, music, literature and the sciences,The International Decade calls on Member States and people everywhere to end racial discrimination andthe systematic exclusion of people of African descent. States have a particular responsibility to enable thefull and equal participation of people of African descent in public, political and economic life, and to ensureequal access to justice and equal protection of the law. We must all combat stereotyping and incitementto racial and ethnic hatred or violence. The Decade’s ethos and activities also place high priority on endingdiscrimination against women and girls of African descent.The United Nations system is strongly committed to advancing the Decade’s objectives, includingthrough its human rights bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes. Let us, together, seizethis opportunity for focused and concerted action to fight racism and racial discrimination, and to worktowards the full enjoyment of human rights by all.1António GuterresSecretary-General of the United Nations
2 National Congress of Young Afrodescendants in Peru.Photo: United Nations Development Program / Cynthia Espinoza Peru.
INTRODUCTIONThe International Decade for People of African Descent isan important commitment to the fight against racism. It willstrengthen action to dismantle the many obstacles encountered by millions of people, inevery region of the world. It will seek to reinforce laws that prohibit racial discrimination,and help ensure that they are implemented. It will promote greater knowledge about thecultural heritage of people of African descent, and the many fundamental contributionsthat they have made to the advancement of humanity.The programme of activities for the Decade invites States to eradicate poverty and exclusion, and to enable full and equal participation by people of African descent in public,political and economic life. States should ensure equal access to justice and equal protection of the law, and eliminate racial profiling and police violence. Baseless and illegalnotions of racial superiority, and incitement to racial and ethnic hatred or violence, mustbe combatted, and stereotyping of every kind should end. We ask States to take specificaction to end discrimination against women and girls of African descent. They may alsoadopt special measures, such as affirmative action in education and employment, toovercome persistent inequalities.This Decade is a historic opportunity. It is my hope that it will inspire all of us to graspthe deep harm that is done by discrimination, and to work tirelessly to put an end to thisinjustice.Zeid Ra’ad Al HusseinHigh Commissioner for Human Rights3
The World Food Programme pushes to end malnutrition in Haitian children by supporting school feeding programs and infant monitoring and feeding.Photo: UN Photo/Logan Abassi Haiti.4
WHY ADECADEFOR PEOPLEOF AFRICANDESCENT?People of African descent1 comprise a heterogeneous group withdiverse histories, experiences and identities. The circumstances inwhich they live and the problems they face differ from country tocountry and region to region. There are around 200 million peopleof African descent living in the Americas2 and many millions more inthe other continents. Whether as descendants of the victims of thetransatlantic slave trade and slavery or as migrants, they face a seriesof general and global cross-cutting issues that must be addressed. 5A refugee from Nigeria now living in Berlin. Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers of Africandescent are in many cases fleeing persecution, conflict or violence in their countries. Theyrisk their lives in desperate attempts to find safety, and they are entitled to internationalprotection. Photo: Mohamed Badarne Germany.1 According to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, people of African descentare those referred to as such by the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and who identifythemselves as belonging to this population group.2http://www.oas.org/dil/afrodescendants.htm
In many cases, racial discrimination places people of African descentin the lowest positions in society, and they are grouped amongthe poorest of the poor. The discrimination that people of Africandescent face perpetuates cycles of disadvantage and intergenerational transmission of poverty, hindering their human development.The barriers in access to and completion of quality education havetheir repercussions in access to labour markets and the type of jobsacquired. Jobs are denied because of lack of educational qualifications or structural racism. Housing is refused because of racialprejudices, and people of African descent are forced to inhabitareas with precarious infrastructure and are exposed to crime andviolence. Practicing their own culture and religion, as well as participating in the cultural life of their communities, are often met withrestrictions and hindrances. In some countries they also face displacement due to threats of armed conflict or large-scale industrialdevelopment projects.These problems are in part the legacy of terrible wrongs of the past.Racism and racial discrimination against people of African descenthas its roots causes in the infamous regimes of slavery, the slave tradeand colonialism. Today, these legacies, reinforced by interpersonal,institutional and structural discrimination, manifest themselves inthe inequality and marginalization affecting them worldwide.In many countries, the degree of political participation at differentlevels of government of people of African descent is often low, bothin terms of voting and underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes. Injustice traps people in poverty;poverty becomes the pretext for injustice — and so new wrongs arepiled on top of the old. The difficulty in accessing domestic judicialremedies is also a factor contributing to the persistence of racism. The absence of judicial guarantees and the prejudices of lawenforcement officials further perpetuate patterns of exclusion andimpunity.3Young men of African descent are particularly vulnerable. Theyare at heightened risk of being subjected to street searches due toracial profiling. They experience alarmingly high rates of police violence and deaths in encounters with police officers. Men of Africandescent continue to be more frequently arrested, incarcerated andsubjected to harsher sentences, including life imprisonment and thedeath penalty.Many people of African descent suffer multiple or aggravated formsof discrimination based on other related grounds such as age, sex,language, religion, political opinion, social origin, property, birth orother status. Women and girls of African descent have historicallysuffered and continue to suffer compounded discrimination basedon racial or ethnic origin, socioeconomic status and gender. In manycountries women of African descent have limited access to education, employment and security. They are vulnerable to gender-basedviolence.4 They often suffer higher rates of maternal mortality dueto limited access to maternal health care.53Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.doc.62.4Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African descent, A/HRC/21/60/Add.2.Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Pimentel v. Brazil,communication No. 17/2008, Views adopted on 25 July 2011.5 6
The relationship between racial or ethnic origin, social and economicstatus, and citizenship means that migrants, refugees and asylumseekers of African descent — as with other groups facing racialdiscrimination around the world — are often in extremely vulnerable situations.6 Today a large proportion of migrants, refugees andasylum seekers originate from Africa. Globalization and growingdisparities, both within and between countries, have contributed tothe increase in international migration. Many migrants are seekingemployment, educational opportunities or an improvement of theirliving conditions. Others want to reunite with family and still more arefleeing persecution, non-democratic regimes, conflict or violence intheir own countries. They risk their lives in desperate attempts to findsafety and they are entitled to international protection.Public and political discourse, as well as the use of political platformswhich promote or incite racial discrimination, fuelled by old and newprejudices and their impact on immigration policies, often result inmigrants, refugees and asylum seekers being faulted for economicand social difficulties faced by societies, particularly in relationto the availability of jobs, housing and health services. Within suchdiscourse, they are often portrayed as criminals and security threatsas well as threats to the cultural identity of receiving countries,which enflames mistrust, fear and resentment. This results in furtherdiscrimination, racism and xenophobic attitudes, often manifestedin violent acts.7 Racism therefore constitutes a great threat todemocracy.The situation of people of African descent in many cases remainslargely invisible, with a lack of official disaggregated statistical data7to demonstrate the extent of discrimination. The limited socialrecognition and valuing of their histories, heritage and culture ineducation curricula, popular culture and the media and negativeimages of people of African descent often reinforce stereotypes.Men and women of African descent have made contributions totheir societies and nations’ development throughout history, a factthat has been largely ignored. The list of those who have achievedgreatness in such areas as civil rights, sciences, government, sports,arts and entertainment is vast.The momentum created by the International Decade and relevantimplementation efforts could enrich and feed into the endeavoursof the international community to achieve the goals of the 2030Agenda for Sustainable Development, which places great emphasison tackling inequalities.The International Decade for People of African Descent is an occasion to promote greater knowledge, value and respect for achievements of people of African descent and their contributions tohumanity. It is a useful tool to pave the way for future work and co operation between States, international and regional organizations,civil society and others to improve the human rights situation andwell-being of people of African descent. The International Decadeis an opportunity not only to fight racial discrimination faced bypeople of African descent but also to ensure the equal enjoyment ofall human rights by all, and strengthen equality, non-discrimination,the rule of law and democracy in our societies.6Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, A/HRC/21/60/Add.2.7 eport of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination,Rxenophobia and related intolerance, A/HRC/7/19.
OBJECTIVESOF THE DECADE?The overall objective of the Decade is to promote respect,protection and fulfilment of all human rights and fundamentalfreedoms by people of African descent, as recognized in theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights. It focuses in particular on:1Strengthening national, regional and international action inrelation to the full enjoyment of all their rights, and their full andequal participation in all aspects of society;2 Promotinggreater knowledge of and respect for theirdiverse heritage, culture and contribution to the developmentof societies;PROGRAMMEOF ACTIVITIESWHAT IS THEWHATARE THEFOR THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE?In 2014, the General Assembly adopted a Programme ofActivities for the International Decade,8 outlining specific actions to be taken by governments and all otheractors whose work intersects — directly or indirectly —with issues pertaining to people of African descent inany part of the world in the three areas highlighted withinthe Decade: recognition, justice and development.8 General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/69/16, Programme of activities for theimplementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent. Members of the Garifuna community near Tela, Honduras.Photo: UN Photo/Chris Sattlberger Honduras.3 Adopting and strengthening national
6 Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, A/HRC/21/60/Add.2. 7 Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
