AQA GCSE Case Study Revision Booklet Paper 1

AQA GCSE CaseStudy RevisionBookletPaper 1Windsor Girls’ School GeographyDepartmentPaper 1: Living with the physical environmentNatural hazards- Tectonic hazards- Weather hazards- Climate changeThe living world- Ecosystems- Tropical rainforests- Cold Environments (DO NOT choose Hotdeserts)Physical landscapes in the UK- UK physical landscapes- Coastal landscapes- River landscapes (DO NOT chooseGlaciers)Paper 2: Challenges in the humanenvironmentUrban issues and challengesThe changing economic worldThe challenge of resource management- Resource Management- Water (DO NOT choose Energy or Food)

GCSE Geography Case Studies and Key Examples by TopicLiving with the Physical Environment(Paper 1 Physical)The Challenge of Natural HazardsNatural HazardsTectonic HazardsWeather HazardsClimate ChangeNatural Hazards/Tectonic Hazards Nepal (2015) - Earthquake in LIC (Hodderpp. 14-15) L’Aquila (2009) – Earthquake in HIC(Hodder pp. 12-13)Weather Hazards Typhoon Haiyan (2013) (Hodder pp. 32-33) Somerset LevelsClimate ChangeNo case studies needed.The Living WorldEcosystemsTropical RainforestsOption chosen - Cold EnvironmentsTropical rainforests Epping forest ecosystem, UK (Hodder pp.60-61) Changes affecting ecosystem balance –Yellowstone National Park, Grey Wolf(Hodder pp. 62 – 63) Malaysian Rainforest (deforestation haseconomic and environmental impacts,causes of deforestation, subsistence andcommercial farming, logging etc; impacts ofdeforestation, economic development, lossof biodiversity etc) Management of tropical rainforests(protection, governments, conservationgroups etc). Sustainable management.(Hodder pp. 78-81) CITES, National Parks (conservation)Cold Environments Svalbard (opportunities and challenges fordevelopment) (Oxford pp. 80 – 83) Managing cold environments (The use oftechnology, Action by governments,International agreements, Conservationgroups) (Oxford pp. 86 – 87)Challenges in the Human Environment(Paper 2 Human)Urban ChallengesThe global pattern of urban changeUrban Growth in RioUrban challenges in the UKSustainable development of urban areas London (regeneration, Shoreditch, Crossrail)(Hodder pp. 218-229)o London Urban Greening (Hodder pp.230-231) Urban inequalities,environmental problems, impact ofurban sprawl (Hodder pp. 232-237)o London Urban Regeneration: TheOlympic Plan (Hodder pp. 238-241) Rio de Janeiro (social challenges, economicchallenges, improving Rio’s environment)(Oxford pp. 152-159)o Rochinha, Brazil (Self-Help; solutions)(Oxford pp. 160-161)o Favela Bairro Project (Oxford pp. 162163)Urban Sustainability BedZed Sustainable Homes London Sustainable Transport (e.g.congestion charging, Santander bikes, superhighways)The Changing Economic WorldEconomic development and quality of lifeReducing the global development gapEconomic development in NigeriaEconomic change in the UKReducing the global development gap Tourism in JamaicaEconomic development in Nigeria Nigeria (experiencing rapid economicdevelopment leads to significant social,environmental and cultural change) (Hodderpp 268 – 281)Economic change in the UK Southampton: science park Making industry more sustainable (Hodderpp 298-299) Torr Quarry, Somerset

Physical Landscapes in the UKThe physical diversity of the UKCoastal landscapesOption chosen – River landscapesCoastal Landscapes Geology and rock structure on the Dorsetcoast (Hodder pp. 124-125) Coastal realignment in Medmerry (Hodderpp. 146-147; Oxford pp. 110) OR you canchoose to revise coastal management atLyme Regis (Oxford pp. 112-113)Challenge of Resource ManagementGlobal resource managementResources in the UKOption chosen – WaterWater Large scale water transfer scheme –Lesotho. Local scheme in an LIC (sustainablesupplies of water) – Hitosa, Ethiopia.(Hodder pp. 354-355)River landscapes River Tees (source to mouth, key landformfeatures) (Oxford pp. 122-123) Jubilee River Flood-relief channel (Hodderpp. 176-177)Key General Knowledge and AdviceFor all your units you should know: The key geographical terminologyCase studiesFacts and figures to back up points especially in the case study sectionThe names of all the continentsThe difference between developing countries and developed countriesExamples of developed and developing countriesUnderstand ‘exam language’. For example ‘costs’ and ‘benefits’ is just another way of saying‘negatives’ and ‘positives’ or ‘advantages’ and ‘disadvantages’Tips for your exam Use PEEL (State your point, Explain it, back it up with evidence (this could be from the resourcepaper, an example and fact and figures, Link back to the original question (have you actuallyanswered the questions).Answer/attempt all questions you are supposed to answerRead the question twiceUnderline the key words in the question – you could BUG your answer (box the command word,underline the key word, glance back over your answer)Make sure you can describe, explain, contrastKeep an eye on your timing – there are more marks at the end of sections. It’s a mark a minute!Don’t spend long on 1 or 2 mark questions (a sentence or even just a word is probably enough)Refer to examples when you know them and back up with facts and figuresKnow your case studies in detailUse key terms in your answers – write in ‘geographical’ language e.g. intercept rather than soaksLink back to the questionDevelop your points for further marks (make connections)Keep your answers focused on the question – E.g. if you have been asked about earthquakeresponses don’t waste time including the impactsBe specific – generalisation is the enemy of us all!

Paper 1: Living with the physical environmentNatural HazardsTectonic hazardsUse named examples to show how the effects and responses to a tectonic hazard vary betweentwo areas of contrasting levels of wealth.Case study: HIC: L’Aquila, Italy (2009) & LIC: Gorkha, Nepal (2015)L’Aquila, Italy HICGorkha, Nepal LICPrimary EffectsPrimary Effects-308 killed1,500 injured67,500 homelessSan Salvatore Hospital severely damagedso could not cope with injured victimsUS 11.4million cost of damage-8,841 dead16,800 injured1 million homelessDestruction of 26 hospitals and 50% ofschoolsA reduced supply of water, food andelectricitySecondary Effects-Aftershocks triggered landslides androckfalls causing damage to housing andtransportLandslide and mudflow caused by burstmain water pipeline in PaganioNumber of students at L’Aquilauniversity has decreased since theearthquakeImmediate Responses--Hotels provided shelter for 10,000homeless people40,000 homeless given tentsWithin one hour the Italian Red Crosswas searching for survivors. Helped by 7dog units, 36 ambulances and atemporary hospital.British Red Cross raised 171,000 insupportMortgages and utility bills weresuspendedSecondary Effects-An avalanche was triggered on MountEverest which swept through Everest BaseCamp killing 19 peopleTourism and employment shrunk in Nepalafter the earthquakeRice seed stored in homes was ruinedcausing food shortages and income lossImmediate Responses---International help from the UK DisastersEmergency Committee (DEC) raised US 126millionTemporary shelters were set up – The RedCross provided 225,000 people with tentsThe United Nations (UN) and the WorldHealth Organisation (WHO) gave outmedical supplies to the worst-affecteddistrictsFacebook launched a safety feature sopeople could indicate they were ‘safe’.Secondary ResponsesSecondary Responses--Residents did not have to pay tax in 2010Students were given free publictransport and were exempt for universityfees for 3 years.Homes took several years to rebuild andhistoric centres expected to takeapprox.15 years--Durbar Square heritage sites werereopened in June 2015 in time for touristseasonMount Everest reopened for tourists inAugust 2015 and climbing permits boughtin 2015 were made valid until 2017 toencourage climbers backOffice for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported thatUS 274million of aid had been committedto recovery efforts

Exam PracticeSuggest why the effects of a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrastinglevels of wealth.[6 marks]Point:One inwhich theeffects varyis (giveexamples ofprimary andsecondaryeffects,why areprimaryeffectsdifferent inricher andpoorercountries?)Point:One inwhich theeffects varyis (giveexamples ofprimary andsecondaryeffects,why areprimaryeffectsdifferent inricher andpoorercountries?)

To what extent does a country’s ability to cope with a tectonic hazard depend onits wealth? Use examples from countries with contrasting wealth to support youranswer.[9 3 SPaG marks]Introduction:Introduce yourtwo examples ofa natural hazard.Point:richer countriescan cope betterthan poorercountries(compare aneffect andresponse – whywas it less/betterin the richercountry?)Counterargument:richer countriescannot copebetter thanpoorer countries.Compare aneffect andresponse – whywas it less/betterin the poorercountry?)Conclusion:Your overallopinion linkingback to the examquestion.

Using two named examples, evaluate the effectiveness of the immediate and longterm responses to a tectonic hazard in two countries of contrasting wealth.[9 3 SPaG marks]Introduction:Introduce yourtwo examples ofa natural hazard.Point:Immediate andlong-termresponses weresuccessful in arich country.(what were they?How did they helpto reduce theeffects? Whatwere the effects?)Counterargument:Immediate andlong – termresponses werenot as successfulin a poor country.(what were they?How did/didn’tthey help toreduce theeffects? Whatwere the effects?)Conclusion:Your overallopinion linkingback to the examquestion.

Choose either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption.Assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondaryeffects.[9 3 SPaG marks]Introduction:Introduce yourtwo examples ofa natural hazard.State whatprimary andsecondary effectsare.Point:Primary effectsare moresignificant thansecondaryeffects.(give examples ofprimary andsecondaryeffects, why areprimary effectsworse?)Counterargument:secondary effectsare moresignificant thanprimary effects.(give examples ofprimary andsecondaryeffects, why aresecondary effectsworse?)Conclusion:Your overallopinion linkingback to the examquestion.