ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - Longowal Polytechnic
87ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(For Punjab State)VARIOUS SUBJECTSINSECOND --Sr.No.SubjectsPage ---THIRD SEMESTER3.13.23.33.43.53.6Fundamentals of Electrical EngineeringElectronics-IElectrical and Electronics Engineering MaterialsComputer Programming and ApplicationsElectrical Engineering Design and DrawingElectrical Workshop Practice – I899498102105107FOURTH SEMESTER4.14.24.34.44.54.64.7Electrical Machines-IElectrical Measurements and InstrumentationElectronics-IIEstimating and Costing in Electrical EngineeringPC Maintenance and RepairElectrical Workshop Practice – IIGeneric Skills and Entrepreneurship DevelopmentEntrepreneurial Awareness ---------------------------
88THIRD SEMESTER
893.1FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGL4P3RATIONALEFor a diploma holder in electrical engineering, it becomes imperative to know the fundamentals ofthe subject in order to grasp the knowledge of the field. This subject will provide acquaintance withvarious terms knowledge of fundamental concepts of electricity, magnetism and various principlesrelated to it.DETAILED CONTENTS1.(a)Application and Advantages of Electrical Energy(4 Hrs)Different forms of energyAdvantages of electrical energyUses of electrical energy(b)Basic Electrical QuantitiesBasic concept of charge, current, voltage, resistance, power, energy and theirunitsConversion of units of work, power and energy from one form to another2.3.DC Circuits(10 Hrs)2.1Ohm’s law, resistances in series and parallel2.2Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications in solving electrical network problems2.3Network theorems such as Thevenin’s theorem, superposition theorem Maximumpower and transfer theorem and Norton’s theorem2.4Star-delta transformationBatteries(10 Hrs)3.1Basic idea about primary and secondary cells3.2Working principle, construction and applications of Lead acid, Nickel Cadmiumand Silver Oxide Cells3.3Charging methods used for lead acid accumulator3.4Care and maintenance of a lead acid battery3.5Grouping of cells in series and parallel (simple numerical problems).
904.5.6.Magnetism and Electromagnetism:(7 Hrs)4.1Introduction to electromagnetism, Magnetic field around a straight current carryingconductor and a solenoid and methods to find its direction, force between twoparallel current carrying conductors.4.2Force on a conductor placed in the magnetic field4.3Series magnetic circuits, simple problems4.4Concept of hyteresis, loop and hysteresis loss.Electromagnetic Induction:5.1.Faraday's Laws of electromagnetic induction5.2.Lenz's law5.3.Fleming's Right and Left Hand Rule5.4.Principle of self and mutual induction5.5.Principle of self and mutually induced e.m.f. and simple problems5.6.Inductances in series and parallel5.7.Energy stored in a magnetic field5.8.Concept of eddy currents, eddy current lossAC Fundamentals(8 Hrs)(5 Hrs)6.1.Concept of a.c. generation (single phase and three phase)6.2.Difference between a.c and d.c6.3.Concept of alternating current and voltage, equation of instantaneous values,average value, r.m.s value, form factor, power factor etc.7.6.4.Concept of phasor and phase difference.6.5.Representation of alternating sinusoidal quantities by vectors6.6.Phasor algebra (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complexquantities)AC Circuits7.1.AC through pure resistance, inductance and capacitance(12 Hrs)
917.2.8.7.3.7.4.Alternating voltage applied to RL,RC and RLC series and parallel circuits(impedance triangle, phasor diagram and their solutions)Concept of susceptance, conductance and admittanceJ-notation and its application in solving problems in ac circuits7.5.Power in pure resistance, inductance, capacitance, RL, RC, RLC circuits7.6.Active and reactive components of current and their significance7.7.Power factor and its practical significance7.8.Resonance in series and parallel circuitsPoly-Phase systems(8 Hrs)8.1Advantages of 3 phase over single phase system8.2Star and delta connections (relationship between phase and line voltages, phaseand line currents8.3Power in 3 phase circuits and measurement by one wattmeter method8.4Measurement of power and power factor of a 3-phase load by two wattmetermethod using balanced/unbalanced load.LIST OF PRACTICALS1.(a)(a)Determination of voltage-current relationship in a dc circuit under specific physicalconditions and to draw conclusions to (verify ohm’s law)Filament lampmeasure the resistance of a cold lamp filament with the help of calculations.measure the current drawn by the lamp at different voltages from zero to 220 voltsand the resistance of lamp at different voltages, plot a graph between current andvoltageTo verify that Rt R1 R2 . where R1, R2 etc. are resistances connected in series(b)To verify(b)2.111-- -- -- - - - - - RtR1R2Where R1, R2 etc. are resistances connected in parallel1 -Rm3.Verification of Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws applied to DC circuitsa)to construct a circuit arrangement consisting of resistances in series, parallelcombinationb)identification of node points in the circuitc)to see that algebraic sum of currents at node point is zerod)to see that algebraic sum of emfs and voltage drops in a closed loop is zero4.5.To observe the a.c and d.c wave shapes on CRO.To find ratio of inductance values of a coil having air /iron core respectively and to see theeffect of introduction of a magnetic core on coil inductance
926.To construct an RL and RC circuit and to measurea)their impedanceb)phase angle between voltage and currentc)construct impedance triangle7.To plot a graph between current and frequency of RLC series circuit for resonanceconditionsORTo find resonance conditions in RLC series circuit by changing the values of L and C8.Measurement of power and power factor of a single phase RLC circuit. To calculate KVAand KVAR9.Measurement of power and power factor of a 3-phase circuit by using 2- wattmeter methodusing induction motor as a load and to calculate KVA and KVAR10.Testing a battery for its charged condition and to charge itNote: The results should be verified analytically also.INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGYBasic electrical engineering being a fundamental subject need to be handled very carefully and ina manner such that students develop clear understanding of principles and concepts and developskill in their application in solving related problems. Teacher may lay emphasis on laboratoryexperiments and give lot of tutorial work to students in order to giver them an opportunity inmastering the basics in solving related problemsRECOMMENDED BOOKS1.Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering by Sahdev, Uneek Publication, Jalandhar2.Basic Electrical Engineering by PS Dhogal, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi3.Electrical Science by VK Mehta, S Chand and Co., New Delhi4.Electrical Engineering by DR Arora, Ishan Publications, Ambala5.Electrical Technology by JB Gupta, SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi6.Electrical Technology by BL Theraja, S Chand & Co., New Delhi7.Electrical Science by S. Chandhni, R Chakrabarti and PK Chattopadhyay. NarosaPublishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
938.Basic Electrical Engineering by Mool Singh, Galgotia Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi9.Principles of Electrical Engineering by BR Gupta, S Chand & Co., New Delhi10.Handbook of Electrical Engineering by SL Bhatia, Khanna Publishers, New DelhiSUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR FACILITATING THE PAPER SETTERSr.NoTopicTime Allotted(Hrs)MarksAllocation (%)10452Application and advantages ofelectrical energyDC Circuits10153Batteries10154Magnetism and Electromagnetism07105Electromagnetic Induction08156AC Fundamentals0557AC Circuits12208Poly-Phase systems0815Total64100
943.2ELECTRONICS - IL4P3RATIONALEAt present, electronics gadgets are being extensively used in various manufacturing processes inindustries, power system operations, communication systems, computers etc. Even for anelectrical diploma holder, it is absolutely necessary to have a basic understanding of electroniccomponents, their function and applications. This understanding should facilitate in operation andmaintenance equipment, which are electronically controlled.In this course, topics like semi-conductor theory, semi-conductor Diodes, Bipolar transistors,rectifiers, single stage and multistage amplifiers and field effect transistors have been included.DETAILED ef history of development of electronicsActive and passive componentsConcept of current and voltage sources, constant voltage and current sources,their graphical representation. Conversion of voltage source into current sourceand vice-versaDifference between actual voltage source and constant voltage sourceSemi-conductor Theory2.12.23.23.3(10 hrs)Atomic structure, crystalline structureEnergy band theory of crystals, energy band structure of insulator, semiconductorand conductor, generation and recombination of electron hole pairs. Energy bandstructure of Silicon and GermaniumSilicon versus Germanium for mobility and conductivityConcept of Doping, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductorsEffect of temperature on intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductorsSemiconductor Diodes3.1(5 hrs)(10 hrs)PN Junction, mechanism of current flow in PN junction, drift and diffusion currents,depletion layer, potential barrier, effect of forward and reverse biasing in a PNjunction. Concept of junction capacitance in forward and reverse biasedconditions. Breakdown mechanismIdeal diode, Semiconductor diode characteristics, static and dynamic resistanceUse of diode as half wave and full wave rectifiers (centre tapped and bridge type),relation between DC output and AC input voltage, rectifier efficiency
953.43.53.63.73.84.Bi-polar .7.2(10 hrs)Single stage transistor amplifier circuit in CE configuration, function of eachcomponentWorking of single stage transistor amplifier, physical and graphical explanation,phase reversalConcept of DC and AC load lineVoltage gain of single stage transistor amplifier using characteristics of the deviceConcept of input and output impedanceAC equivalent circuit of single stage transistor amplifiersCalculation of voltage gain using AC equivalent circuitFrequency response of a single stage transistor amplifierMulti-Stage Transistor Amplifiers7.1(8 hrs)Transistor biasing, its need, operating point, effect of temperature on the operatingpoint of a transistor and need of stabilization of operating point.Different biasing circuits, limitations, simple problems to calculate operating pointin different biasing circuits. Use of Thevenin’s theorem to determine operatingpointConcept of h-parameters of a transistorUse of data book to know the parameters of a given transistorSingle-Stage Transistor Amplifiers6.1(7 hrs)Concept of junction transistor, PNP and NPN transistors, their symbols andmechanism of current flowTransistor configurations: common base (CB), common emitter (CE) and commoncollector (CC), current relation and their input/output characteristics; comparison ofthe three configurationsTransistor Biasing and Stabilization5.16.Concept of ripples, filter circuits – shunt capacitor, series inductor, and pie (π)filters and their applicationsDiode ratings/specificationsVarious types of diodes such as zener diode, varactor diode, schottky diode, lightemitting diode, tunnel diode, photo diode; their working characteristics andapplicationsZener diode and its characteristicsUse of zener diode for voltage stabilization(7 hrs)Need of multi-stage transistor amplifiers – different types of couplings, theirpurpose and applications.Knowledge of various terms such as voltage gain, current gain, power gain,frequency response, decibel gain and band width
967.37.47.57.68.RC coupled two-stage amplifiers, circuit details, working, frequency response,applicationsLoading effect in multistage amplifiersElementary idea about direct coupled amplifier, its limitations and applicationsTransformer coupled amplifiers, its frequency response. Effect of co-efficient ofcoupling on frequency response. Applications of transformer coupled amplifiersField Effect Transistor (FET)8.18.28.38.4(07 hrs)Construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a N channel JFET andP channel JFETJFET as an amplifierTypes, construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a MOSFETComparison between BJT, JFET and MOSFETLIST OF PRACTICALS1. a)b)2.3. a)b)4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.Identification and testing of electronic components such as resistor, inductor, capacitor,diode, transistor and different types of switches used in Electronic circuitsMeasurement of resistances using multimeter and their comparison with colour codevaluesV-I characteristics of a Semiconductor diode and to calculate its static and dynamicresistanceV-I characteristics of a zenor diode and finding its reverse breakdown voltageFabrication of a zenor diode voltage stabilizer circuit using PCBObservation of input and output wave shapes of a half-wave rectifier and verification ofrelationship between dc output and ac input voltageObservation of input and output wave shapes of a full wave rectifier and verification andrelationship between dc and ac input voltageObservation of input and output wave shapes of a full wave rectifier with (i) shuntcapacitor) (ii) series inductor (iii)filter circuitsPlotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CB configurationPlotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CE configurationMeasurement of operating point in case of (i) fixed biased circuit (ii) potential dividerbiasing circuit and to observe the effect of temperature variation on the operating point.To measure the voltage gain and band width by plotting frequency response curve of asingle stage amplifier using CE configuration at different loadsTo study the effect of coupling capacitor on lower cut off frequency and upper cut offfrequency by plotting frequency response curve of a two stage RC coupled amplifierTo plot V-I characteristics of a FETINSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGYThis subject gives the knowledge of fundamental concepts of basic electronics. The teachershould give emphasis on understanding of concepts and various term used in the subject. Thestudents be made familiar with diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors etc. and
97electrical measuring instruments etc. Practical exercises will reinforce various concepts.Application of Semiconductor Diodes, Transistors, Field Effect Transistors etc must be told tostudents.RECOMMENDED BOOKS1. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuit by NN Bhargava, Kulshreshta and SC Gupta, TataMcGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.2. Electronic Principles by SK Sahdev, Dhanpat Rai & Co., New Delhi3. Principles of Electrical and Electronics Engineering by VK Mehta; S Chand and Co., NewDelhi4. Electronic Components and Materials by SM Dhir, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company PvtLtd, New Delhi.5. Principles of Electronics by SK Bhattacharya and Renu Vig, SK Kataria and Sons, Delhi6. Electronics Devices and Circuits by Millman and Halkias; McGraw Hill.7. Principles of Electronics by Albert Paul Malvino; Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi.8. Basic Electronics – Problems and Solutions by Albert Malvino and David J. Bates; TataMcGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.9. Basic Electronics by J.S. Katre, Sandeep Bajaj, Tech. Max. Publications, Pune.10. Analog Electronics by DR Arora, Ishan Publications, Ambala City.11. Analog Electronics by JC Karhara, King India Publication, New Delhi12. Electrical Devices and Circuits by Rama Reddy, Narosa Pulishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi13. Electronic Devices and Circuits by Dharma Raj Cheruku and Battula Tirumala Krishna:Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt Ltd., Indian Branch, 482 F.I.E Patparganj, Delhi- 9214. Basic Electronics by JB Gupta, SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi15. Grob’s Basic Electronics- A text Lab Manual (Special Indian Edition) by Schultz, Tata McGrawHill Education Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR FACILITATING THE PAPER SETTERSr.No12345678TopicIntroductionSemi-conductor TheorySemiconductor DiodesBi-polar TransistorsTransistor Biasing and StabilizationSingle-Stage Transistor AmplifiersMulti-Stage Transistor AmplifiersField Effect TransistorTotalTime Allotted5101078107764(Hrs)Marks Allocation(%)1015151015151010100
983.3ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING MATERIALSL4P-RATIONALEA diploma holder in Electrical Engineering will be involved in maintenance, repair and production ofelectrical equipment and systems. In addition, he may be required to procure, inspect and testelectrical and electronic engineering materials. Knowledge of various types of materials will beneeded in order to execute the above mentioned functions. He may also have to decide for analternative when a particular material is either not readily available in the market or its costbecomes prohibitive.DETAILED CONTENTS1.Classification:(3 Hrs)Classification of materials into conducting, semi conducting and insulating materialsthrough a brief reference to their atomic structure and energy bands2.Conducting Materials2.12.22.3(12 Hrs)IntroductionResistance and factors affecting it such as alloying and temperature etcClassification of conducting material as low resistivity and high resistivity materials,Low resistance materialsCopper:General properties as conductor: Resistivity, temperature coefficient,density, mechanical properties of hard-drawn and annealed copper,corrosion, contact resistance. Application in the field of electricalengineering.2.3.2Aluminium:General properties as conductor: Rresistivity, temperature coefficient,density, mechanical properties of hard and annealed aluminium,solderability, contact resistance. Applications in the field of electricalengineering.2.3.3Steel:General properties as conductor: Resistivity, corrosion, temperaturecoefficient, density, mechanical properties, solderability, Applications inthe field of electrical engineering.Introduction to bundle conductors and its applications.
99Low resistivity copper alloys: Brass, Bronze (cadmium and Beryllium), theirpractical applications with reasons for the same2.42.52.63.Applications of special metals e.g. Silver, Gold, Platinum etc.High resistivity materials and their applications e.g., manganin, constantin,Nichrome, mercury, platinum, carbon and tungstenSuperconductors and their applicationsReview of Semi-conducting Materials(2 Hrs)Semi-conductors and their properties, Materials used for electronic components likeresistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors and inductors etc.4.Insulating materials; General Properties:4.14.24.34.44.55.Electrical Properties:Volume resistivity, surface resistance, dielectric loss, dielectric strength(breakdown voltage) dielectric constantPhysical Properties:Hygroscopicity, tensile and compressive strength, abrasive resistance, brittlenessThermal Properties:Heat resistance, classification according to permissible temperature rise. Effect ofoverloading on the life of an electrical appliance, increase in rating with the use ofinsulating materials having higher thermal stability, Thermal conductivity,Electro-thermal breakdown in solid dielectricsChemical Properties:Solubility, chemical resistance, weatherabilityMechanical properties, mechanical structure, tensile structureInsulating Materials and their applications:5.15.2(12 Hrs)(16 Hrs)Plastics5.1.1Definition and classification5.1.2Thermosetting materials:Phenol-formaldehyde resins (i.e. Bakelite) amino resins(ureaformaldehyde and Malamine-formaldehyde), epoxy resins - theirimportant properties and applications5.1.3Thermo-plastic materials:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2. Basic Electrical Engineering by PS Dhogal, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 3. Electrical Science by VK Mehta, S Chand and Co., New Delhi 4. Electrical Engineering by DR Arora, Ishan Publications, Ambala 5. Electrical Technology by JB Gupta, SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi 6. Electrical Technology by BL Theraja, S Chand & Co.,
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