Tis Ouen Is Ro E Oeions A E Doe Aries Uniersi O Kansas .

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.edu: . JCCMPARISON BEIWEEN ORIGINAL AND REVISEDAMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACr (ADA)Prep:rre:i by Ibb Silverstein (x46265)Chief Counsel, Subcarmittee on the HandicappedApril 28, 1989Set out belCJW" is a surmary of the rrajor differences between S. 2345, theAmericans With Disabilities Act of 1988 (the original ADA) and the Arrericanswith Disabilities Act of 1989 (the revised version) that will be intrcx:iuced bySenators Harkin and Kennedy and others.DE:finition of Protected Class and Proving DiscriminationUnder section 503 section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973(affinnative action statute applicable to governrrent contractors and civilrights statute applicable only to recipients of federal financialassistance, respectively), there is a t:M: -step process for provingdiscrimination. First, an individual must prove that he or she is handicapped(e.g., has a physical or mental irnpainrent that substantially limits a rrajorlife activity). Second, there must be showing that he or she is otherwisequalified.Sections 503 and 504 also include provisions expressly stating that ifsareone with a contagious disease or sarreone v.no is an alcoholic or drugaddict poses a direct threat to the health and safety of others, then he orshe is not a qualified handicapped person.The original ADA did not adopt the sections 503 and 504 definitions andsection 503 and section 504 approach. The original bill included a broaderdefinition (e.g. a person only had to prove he or she had a physical or nental.irnp:W::nent; there was no need to shCJW" that the irnpainrent substantiallylimited a :rrajor life activity). The original bill did not include theprovisions regarding persons with contagious diseases and alcoholics and drugaddicts. The original bill did not include the definition of the tenn"otherwise qualified."The revised ADA generally adopts the s8'.-"tion 503 and section 504definitions a.rid approach.EmploynentSections 503 and 504 aenerally require covered e.ritities to rre.kereasonable accarrm:x::iations for handicapped applica.rits and E!Tlployees unless it'Y.'Duld pose an undue hardship.Page 6 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

IThis document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduThe origina l ADA rejected this princip le and substitu ted a so-calle d"bankru ptcy" provisio n under which a recipien t v.uuld have to provide theacccmro dation unless it v.uuld "threate n the existenc e of the ccrnpany."The revised ADA general ly includes the section 503 and section 504standru: ds.Current ly, title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has a srrallprovide r exceptio n of 15. The origina l ADA incorpo rated by referenc e thissrrall provide r provisio n. The revised ADA also include s this provisio n.Public Accarm:::x:iations.The origina l ADA used thein title II of the Civil Rightstheater s etc) and required thattwo to five years so as to makewould threaten the existenc e ofprovisio n) .definiti on of "public accarm::x:iation" set outAct of 1964 (e.g., hotels, restaura nts,all existing faciliti es be retrofit ted withinthem fully accessi ble unless the retrofit tingthe busines s (the so-calle d bankrup tcyThe origina l ADA also required that all new faciliti es be fullyaccessi ble. OOI'E: Retrofi tting of existing faciliti es to make them fullyaccessi ble is often expensiv e in contras t to making new faciliti es accessi blewhich usually costs less than 1 percent of the total cost of constru ction.Further , the origina l ADA required that public acccxrm::xiations providereasona ble acccxrm::xiations unless to do so v.uuld threaten the existenc e of thebusines s (the bankrup tcy provisio n) .The revised ADA reaches all entities that are open to the public ascustare rs, clients , visitor s, or which are :potenti ally places of enploym ent.With respect to existing faciliti es, the revised ADA only require sstructu ral changes that are "readily achievab le" and when not readilyachieva ble the failure to provide alterna tive methods of making the serviceS'availab le that are readily achieva ble. An example of "readily achieva ble" isexpendi ng 100 to build a ramp that will enable a person in a wheelch air togain access into a Safeway . Expensiv e m:x:lific ations are not required .With respect to the provisio n of reasona ble acccnm: xlations, the revisedbill requires that they be provided unless it v.uuld result in undue burden,which is the current standard in section 504 (the revised bill include s thephrase "auxilia ry aids and services " in lieu of the phrase "reasona bleacccmro dation") .With respect to new constru ction, roth the origina l and the revised billrequire that new faciliti es be :rrade accessible .-1Page 7 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

IThis document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduPublic Services.The provisions in the original ADA applicable to public servicesrejecteJ. the approach of simply extending the provisions of section 504 tocover all governrrent agencies, regardless of 'Whether or not they receivefeJ.eral aid. Instead new standar:ds includoo such as Iffiking all existingfacilities fully accessible within 2-5 years.The revisoo ADA simply extends section 504 (and current standardsapplicable thereunder) to cover all state and local governrrent agencies andtheir programs and activities.CcmnunicationsThe original ADA required all those engagoo in the business ofbroadcasting to close-caption progressively nore shows each year. The oriqinalADA also directeJ. the FCC to issue regulations calling for the establishm2ntof interstate and intrastate relay systans under 'Which a deaf person using aTDD can speak to an operator 'Who has a TDD and 'Who can coomunicate by voicewith a person 'Who does not have a TDD.The revisoo bill reaf f inns and clarifies the provisions in the originalADA applicable to relay systans and deletes the provisions applicable tocaptioning.Transwrtation.The original ADA required that 50% of a public transit authority's fleetbe accessible within 7 years (likelihcxx:i of significant retrofitting) and thatall new buses be accessible. The revisoo ADA requires that new buses usoo in afi.xoo route system be accessible. No retrofitting i s required.The revisoo ADA also pennits a transit authority to purchase usoo busesthat are not accessible if the transit authority has derronstrateJ. a good faitheffort to purchase a usoo bus that is accessible.Both the original ADA and the revisoo ADA require a paratransit systembe nade available for those disableJ. individuals who cannot use the ma.i.'1.linesystem. Further, lx th versions require t. t nav facilities be nadeaccessible.The revisoo ADA also has a separate standard for coomunities that have adEmIDd responsive system for the general public. Under this standard, all newbuses neErl not be accessible if the transit authority can derronstrate that itcan rreet the needs of disabloo people with current accessible buses.Page 8 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduWith respect to rail systans, the original ADA required that 50% ofexisting cars be rrade accessible within 7 years (requiring extensiveretrofitting); in contrast the revised ADA requires that at least one car berrade accessible within 5 years. Further, under the original ADA all stationsv;ould have to be rrade accesible within 10 years; in constrast under therevised ADA only key stations must be rrade accessible within 20 years.The original ADA covered airplanes; the revised ADA does not. Theoriginal ADA covered taxicabs; the revised ADA does not require that cabs berrade accessible but prohibits a driver fran refusing to pick up a disabledperson who can use a car.EnforcarentThe original ADA included an enforcenent provision that applied to theentire Act. The provision provided for injunctive and m::metary darrages.The revised bill has a sep:rrate enforcenent section for each title. Withrespect to employmant, the revised bill incorfXJrates by reference theenforcenEnt provisions in title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and foracts of intentional discrimination, section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of1866.Wi tJ1 respect to public services, the revised bill incorfXJrates byreference the provisions of section 505 of the Rehabilitation Act (theenforcenEnt provisions generally applicable to section 504).With respect to public accarm::x:iations and cc:mnunications, the revisedbill generally incorfXJrates the enforcarent provisions in the Fair HousingAct, as recently anended.Attorneys fees provision are included in both versions.Page 9 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.edu·IISUMMARY OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIESACT OF 1989FIND IN3.5 AND PURPOSEThe ptrrp:)Se of the Act is to prov ide:m:mdate to end disc rimi nati on agai nst indi a clea r and canp rehe nsiv e nati ona lprot ecti on agai nst disc rimi nati on canp :rrabvidu als with disa bili ties ; prov idele to that affo rded to min orit iesand othe rs; and prov ide enfo rcea ble stan dards addr essi ng disc rimi nati onagai nst indi vidu als with disa bili ties .DEFINITIONSThe tenn "dis abil ity" is defi ned to :rreana phy sica l or rren tal i.rnpa.i.nrent that subs tant , with resp ect to an indi vidu alially limi ts one or :rrore of theffi:3.jor life acti viti es of such indi vidu al,a reco rd of such an i.rnpa.i.nrent, orbein g rega rded as havi ng such an i.rnpa.i.nrent.for purp oses of sect ion 504 of the Reh abil 'Ill.is is the sane defi niti on useditati on Act of 1973 and the rece ntanenc.irrents to the Fair Hou sing Act.TITLE I: GENERAL PROHIBITION AGAINST DISCRIMINATIONTitl e I sets out the gene ral forms ofAct. It is cons ider ed disc rimi nato ry to subjdisc rimi nati on proh ibite d by theindi rect ly, on the basi s of disa bili ty, to ect an indi vidu al, dire ctly o::::any of the follo .vi.n g:(1) deny ing the opp ortu nityopp ortu nity ;topart icip ate in or ben efit fran an( 2) affo rdin g an oppo rtuil ity that is not equaltotothat affo rded othe rs;(3) prov idin g an opp ortu nity that is less effectiv e than that prov idedothe rs;(4) prov idin g an indi vidu al or clasthat is diff eren t or sepa rate , unle ss suchs of indi vidu als with an opp ortu nityindi vidu als with an opp: : rtu nity that is as acti on is nece ssar y to prov ide theeffe ctiv e as that prov ided toothe rs;(5) aidi ng or perp etua ting disc rimiassi stan ce to othe rs that disc rimi nate ; nati on by prov idin g sign ific ant( 6) deny ing an opp ortu nitycarr niss ions ; andtopart icip ate as a nanb er of boar ds or(7) othe rwis e limi ting an indi vidu alof any righ t, priv ileg e, adva ntag e, or OPfXwith a disa bili ty in the enjo yrre ntJrtunity enjo yed by othe rs.-1- Page 10 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf:I

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduFor purfX)ses of the Act, for an aid, b:me fit, orserv ice to be equa llyeffe ctiv e, an enti ty nu.ist affo rd an indiv idua l withadisabilit y equa lopp: rtun ity to obta in the sane resu lt, to gain thesarreb:mefit, or to reac hthe sane leve l of achi ever ent in the rrost integ ratedsettingappr opri ate tothe indi vidu al's need s.Furt her, an enti ty nay not dire ctly or indirreth ods of adm inist ratio n that have the effe ct of rect ly use crite ria ordisc rimi natio n on the l:e.sis of disa bilit y or perp subj ectin g an indiv idua l toothe rs 'Who are subj ect to ccmron adm inist rativ e etua te disc rimi natio n bycont rol or are agen cies of thesane Stat e. Nor can an enti ty disc rimi nate agai nstbeca use of the asso ciati on of that indiv idua l or an indiv idua l or enti tyenti ty with anot herindi vidu al with a disa bilit y.Titl e I also sets out seve ral defe nses to alleg ations of disc rimi natio n.It is not cons idere d disc rimi natio n to exclu de ordenyopp:: rtu nitie s to anindi vidu al with a disa bilit y for reaso ns enti relyunrelatedto his or herdisa bilit y. Furt her, it is not disc rimi natio n toexcludeordeny opp:: rtun itiesto an indi vidu al with a disa bilit y base d onthe appl icati on of qual ifica tionstan dard s or othe r crit eria that are shown by acovererl enti ty to be bothnece ssary and subs tant ially rela ted to the abilityperfo nn or part icip ate or take adva ntage of an opp::of the indiv idua l to rtunity and suchpart icip atio n cann ot be acca nplis hed by appl icablereasonabl e acca rm::d ation s,m::x :lific ation s, or the prov ision of auxi lairy aidsor serv ices.Qua lific ation stan dard s nay inclu de requ iring thatthe curr ent use ofalco hol or drug s by an alco hol or drug abus er notposeadirect thre at toprop erty or the safe ty of othe rs in the \o.Urkplaceorprogram;and requ iringthat an indi vidu al with a curr ently cont agio us diseaseorinfection not pose adire ct thre at to the heal th or safe ty of othe rindividualsinthe\o.Urkplace orprog ram. 'lhes e defe nses are carp :rrab le to the defensescurrentlyavailableunde r sect ion 504 of the Reh abili tatio n Act of 1973.TITLE II: EMPLOYMEm''!he prov ision s in title II of the Act use or inex rporate by refer encemmy of the defi nitio ns in title VII of the CivilRightsAct of 1964(anp loye e, anpl oyer , carm issio n, perso n, labo r organization,anpl oyne ntagen cy, join t labor -man ag6lE ilt cx::mnittee, ccmr erce,irrlustryaffectin gCCIII TerCe ). '!he scop e of the bill is identical i.e. , only anpl ayer s 'Who have 15or nore anpl oyee s are cove red.A "qua lifie d indi vidu al with a disa bilit y" rreans an indiv idua l with adisa bilit y 'Who, with or with out reaso nabl e accc:nm:xia.ticn, can perfo nn theesse ntia l func tions of the anpl oyne nt posi tion thatsuch indi vidu al hold s or-;; Page 11 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.edudesi res. '!his defin ition is canp: rrable to the defin itionused for purp: ses ofsecti on 504.Using the secti on 504 legal frarrework as the m:x:iel, thebill spec ifiesthat no entit y cover ed by the Act shall discr imin ateagainstanyqual ifiedindiv idua l with a disa bilit y becau se of such indiv idual'sdisability in regar dto appl icati on proce dures , the hirin g ordisch arge of employees and all tenns ,cond ition s and privi leges of eroployrrent.Thus, discr imin ation inclu des, for example, theenti ty to make reaso nable accxnm:x:iations to the kno.-m failu re by a cover ed. limit ation s of aqual ified indiv idual with a disa bilit y unles s such entity can daro nstra te thatthe accxmn::xiation would .ilnp: se an undue hards hipan the opera tion of thebusin ess. Disc rimin ation also inclu des the denia l ofbeca use a qual ified indiv idua l with a disa bilit y needseroployrrent opp: rtuni tiesa reaso nableaccar m:xia tion.The defin ition of the tenn "reas onab le accambill is canp: rrabl e to the defin ition in the secti oncdati on" inclu ded in the504 legal frarrework.'Ihe tenn inclu des: making exist ing facil itiesacce ssibl e, job restr uctu ring,part -tine or m:xli fied 'W: rk sched ules, reass ignrr ent,acqu isitio n orm:xl ifica tion of equir nent or devic es, appr opria te adjust:rrent or m:xl ificat ionsof exam inatio ns and train ing :rrate rials, adop tion or m:xlificati on of proce duresor proto cols, the prov ision of qual ified reade rs andinterprete rs, and othe rsimi lar accarm::x:iations.Disc rimin ation also inclu des the .ilnp: sition orqual ifica tion stand ards and othe r crite ria that iden appl icati on ofindiv idua l with a disa bilit y unles s such stand ards ortify or limi t a qual ifiedsuch entit y to be nece ssary and subs tanti ally relat ed crite ria can be shown byindiv idua l to perfo rm the esse ntial funct ions of the to the abili ty of anparti cula r eroployrrentposi tion.Cons isten t with titleenti ty must i:::cst notic es inprov ision s of this Act. 'Iheregu latio ns with in 180 daysVII of the Civi l Righ ts Act of 1964, every cover edan acce ssibl e fonra .t desc ribin g the appli cableCarm ission is also direc ted to pram tl.gat ein an acce ssibl e foill\3.t.The bill incor i:::cra tes by refer ence the rare;: liesin secti on 706, 709, and secti on 710 of title VII of and proce dures set outthe Civi l Righ ts Act of1964 . The bill also incor i:::cra tes the rare;: lies and procesecti on 1981 of the Civi l Righ ts Act of 1866 for acts dures avail able unde rof inten tiona ldiscr imin ation . . ,. , t "TITLE III: PUBLIC SERVICES-3 .-Page 12 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduSection 504 only applies to entities receiving Federal financialassistanc e. Title III of the bill m:Dces all activitie s of State and localgovernrre nts subject to the types of prohibiti ons against discrimin ationagainst a qualified individua l with a disabilit y included in section 504(nondiscr imination ) and section 505 (the enforcare nt procedure s).A "qualifie d individua l with a disability " rreans an individua l with adisabilit y who, with or without reasonabl e m:xlificat ions to rules, i;:oliciesa."Jd practices , or the raroval of architect ural, ccmnunic ation, andtransi;:or tation barriers or the provision of auxiliary aids and services, rreetstJ1e essential eligibili ty requ.i.rerents for the receipt of services or theparticipa tion in programs or activitie s provided by a State or agency or.!X'litica l sub:livisi on of a State or board, carmissio n or other instru:rre ntalityof a State and i;:olitical sul:xlivisi on.Title III also specifies the actions applicabl e to public transi;:or tation(not including air travel) provided by public entities that are considere ddiscrimin atory. The tenn "public transport ation" rreans transi;:or tation by busor rail, or by any other conveyance (other than air travel) that provides thegeneral public with general or special service (includin g charter service) ona regular and continuin g basis.1. New fixed route buses of any size and rail vehicles for which asolicitat ion is made later than 30 days after the date of enactnent of thisAct Im.l.St be readily accessibl e to and le by individua ls withdisabilit ies. No retrofitt ing of existing buses is required.2. Used vehicles purchased or leased after the date of enactrrent neednot be accessibl e but a dem:mstra ted go:xi faith effort to locate a usedaccessib le vehicle must be made.3. Vehicles tli.at are re-nanufa ctured so as to extend their usable lifefor five years or nnre must, to the maxirm.nn extent feasible, be readilyaccessib le to and usable by individua ls with disabilit ies.4. In those camo.miti es with fixed route public transi;:or tation, thererwst also be a paratran sit systan to serve those individua ls with disabilit ieswho cannot use the fixed route public transi;:or tation and to other individua lsassociate d with such individua ls in accordanc e with service criteriaestablish ed by the Secretary of Transi;x r tation.5. Carmuniti es that operate a darand responsiv e systan that is used toprovide public transport ation for the general public (nondisab led anddisabled) must purchase new buses for which a solicitat ion is made 30 daysafter the date of enactrren t of the Act that are accessibl e unless the systencan deronstra te that the systan, when viewed in its entirety, provides a level-LfPage 13 of 38s-leg 750 001 all A1b.pdf

This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansashttp://dolearchives.ku.eduof service equiva lent to that provide d to the genera l µiblic ; in which caseall new

landmark civil rights legislation outlawing discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications Rehabilitation Act of 1973 -- authorizes support for train