Status Of Japanese E-Waste Recycling

Status of Japanese E-WasteRecyclingMarch 15, 2012Hiroyuki FurukawaDirectorEcologyNet Europe GmbH

Relation with Netherlands400years friendly relationship between Netherlands andJapan・・ Netherlands was only the country for Open Trade during Edo-Shogun period・ Japan have learned the Recycling Technology andTake Back Scheme from Europe

Table of ContentsⅠHome Appliance Recycling Law (HARL)ⅡPanasonic’s Initiatives for RecyclingⅢTrend of the recycling performanceⅣLaw enforcementⅤSummary

Table of ContentsⅠHome Appliance Recycling Law (HARL)ⅡPanasonic’s Initiatives for RecyclingⅢTrend of the recycling performanceⅣⅤLaw enforcementSummary

Legal System in JapanBasic Environment LawComplete enforcementin August 1994Basic Environment PlanNatural cycleEnvironmentMaterial Cyclein SocietyComplete enforcement inJanuary 2001To secure material cycling in societyTo control consumption of naturalresourcesTo reduce environmental impactFundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society(A Law for Basic Framework)Basic principle; Responsibility of national and local public organizations,businesses, and citizens; National measuresBasic Plan to Establish a Sound Material-Cycle Society: Basics of other national plansWaste Management LawEnforcement of amendedlaw in April 2001Control of emission of wasteAppropriate treatment of waste (including recycling)Control of installation of waste treatment plantsControl of waste treatment contractorsEstablishment of waste treatment standardsEtc.Complete enforcementin April 2001 Recycling of recyclableresources Structure that facilitatesrecycling Innovation of materials,etc. Indications for separaterecovery Promotion of effectiveutilization of fied recyclableresource productsCommencedin April2001Personal computersCompleteenforcementin January2005Automobile Recycling LawCompleteenforcementin May 2001Food Recycling LawCompleteenforcementin May 2002Construction Recycling LawCompleteenforcementin April 2001Home Appliance RecyclingLawCompleteenforcementin April 2000Containers and PackagingRecycling LawRegulation in accordance with featuresof individual productCompleteenforcementin April 1997Law for the Promotion of EffectiveUtilization of ResourcesSmall secondarybatteries Business use:Commenced in April 2001Home use:Commenced in October 2003Complete enforcement in April 2001Green Purchasing Law[National and local governments to take initiative to purchase recycled products, etc.]Prepared on the basis of documents of Ministry of Environment with some amendments added4

The weight ratio against PoM in AppliancePoM in Appliance (FY2009)(Weight basis)CTV25%Others23%・PoM (Put On the Market)77% weight volume iscovered by Specific4items in POM(2009)・POM(FY2009) in Appliance 1,5M tonsAircon20%Washer12%Fridge20%・Others are ITs & SDAs[Source] Prepared on the basis of data of RKC, HAhandbook, 2010, industrial association , GFK and ourresearch with some amendments added・Specific 4items (CTVs,Refrigerators,Washing Machine andAir Conditioners are majority of PoM in Weight basis.

Legislation Background of Home Appliance Recycling Law1. TreatmentFour items(TVs, Refrigerators, Washing machines & Air-conditioners)Limit of treatment by municipalityDifficult Difficult items for proper treatment Growing in size of home appliance Limit of treatment with incinerator(Issue of dioxin) Difficult in treating fluorocarbons for insulationLarge volume occupied by home appliance2. Emission3. ResourcesValueHigh(18-20 million units / 600K tons annually,accounting for 15% of all oversized trash) Tight landfills for general waste(8.8 remaining available years as of 2000)Useful resources contained is richHigh Effective use of resources (iron, copper,aluminum, etc.)

Overview of HARLLegislationEnforcementRevision・・・ May 1998・・・ April 2001・・・ April 2009Legal recycling rate*Covered items1. TVs (CRT TVs)55 (55) % or above(50) % or above(Flat-screen TVs)2. Refrigerators & freezers50 (60) % or above3. Washing machines & clothes dryers50 (65) % or above4. Home-use air-conditioners60 (70) % or above＊(): legal recycling rates after 2009* Recycling rate (%) Weight of valuable materials / Gross weight of wastes x 100

Scheme under HARLDesignated collection point (379 sites)DisposalConsumers and businessesProper handing over andpayment for collection & recyclingCollection&transportReceiving & unloadingVerification with a HARecycling TicketInput and sending data to theHA Recycling Tickets SystemTransport fromDCP to RPMandated takeback of EoL productsRetailersMandated handing overIssue and keepthe HARecycling TicketRecycling plant (49 facilities)Recycling, etc.Mandated takeback of productsDismantling CRT of TVRecovery of refrigerantfluorocarbon from fridgeManual dismantlingof washing machineRecovery of refrigerantfluorocarbon from ACProducers and importersMandated recycling in line with standards

Obligation of Producer / Importer1. Based on Individual Producer Responsibility in principle2. Obligation- Take back arranging designated take back site- Recycling used home appliances taken back according to therecycling standards set by government3. ExemptionProducer/Importer whose q’ty less than 900K pcs of ACs/ TVsand 450Kpcs of Washing machine/Fridge for last 3years4. There are 3schemes,A Group : (23 companies-Panasonic,Toshiba,JVC,Daikin etc)B Group : (18 companies-Hitachi,Mitsubishi,SONY, SHARP etc)Designated bodies : (Orphan Product, Small producer/Importer)

Producer ’s Responsibility in HARLProducer’s Collection PointLocalGovernmentWaste Generator(Consumers)RetailerEntrust under ers are responsible for breach of HARL at SY and RP.

Two Producers Take Back Schemes1. Individual producer responsibility in principle2. Need a system in which competition principle & formed A and B3. Designated Bodies can entrust Group A or BGroup AGroup BEffective utilization ofexisting recyclers’ facilitiesDecentralized localprocessing systemNewly establishedmanufacturers’ ownrecycling plants andutilizing logistics-dedicatedcompanies2318Basic conceptParticipatingmanufacturersCollection volume(on a unit basis)Designatedcollection points(SY)Recycling plants(RP)(Panasonic, Toshiba, etc.)(Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Sharp,Sanyo, Sony, etc.)Approx. 40%Approx. 60%379(commoditized in Sep, 2010)3618

Obligation of RetailerObligation-Take back used home appliances・ Retailers themselves previously sold to consumers・ Retailers sell the same kind of home appliances to consumer-TransferAfter taking back those appliances, transfer to relevantmanufactures or importers.

Obligation of Consumer (Disposer)Obligation-Cooperation in appropriately transferring used appliances toretailers.-Agreed to pay necessary fees for transfer and recycling of thoseappliances.

Obligation of MunicipalityObligation-Transfer to manufacture or independent bodies used appliancestook back from consumers. Notice from Ministry of Environment to Municipality - Manage Retailers for appropriate operation- Education of recycling manner to Consumer- Monitor Illegal Disposal and establishment of the system

Money flow in HARLFlow of RecyclingticketHome appliancerecycling ticket(duplicate)Home appliancerecycling ticketAssignment fee4-itemhomeappliancesFlow of fees, etc. forrecyclingAssignment fee4-itemhomeappliancesAssignment feeRecycling plantsCollectionandtransportationfees4-item homeappliances4-item home appliancesManufacturers, etc. (Home appliancemanufacturers, etc.)DistributorsRecycling,etc. feesShipping of homeappliance recyclingticketRetailer(collection and delivery)Waste producing consumerRecycling, etc. feesRecycling, etc. feesDesignated places ofcollectionHome ApplianceRecycling Ticket CenterFluorocarbonsRecycledresourcesFlow of 4-item homeappliancesFluorocarbon destroyingcontractorsBusinesses using recycledresourcesBusinesses treating wasteSlag, etc.[source] Prepared by modifying the “Guidebook for Persons in Charge of Home ApplianceRecycling Law” (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)

Home Appliance Recycling TicketDisposer name& addressRetailer name& addressItem and fee classAir conditionersTVs, CRT typeLCD and plasmatypesRefrigerators andfreezersWashing machinesand clothes dryersManufacturer, etc.SY stampPanasonicToshibaDaikinJVCHitachi AppliancesSharpMitsubishi ElectricSanyoSonyFujitsu GeneralSony (AIWA)Mitsubishi Heavy IndustriesAir-Conditioning & ThermalSystemsProducers nameRecycling Fee &Transportation feeReceived stamp16

Processing Flow at Designated Collection PointReceiving used homeapplianceChecking RecyclingTicket against 4 itemsof used applianceReading and inputtingRecycling ManifestUploading 4 items ofhome appliance to RP.Storing HomeAppliance RecyclingticketSending data to theHome ApplianceRecycling System

List of Panasonic’s Home Appliance Recycling FeeItemRecycling FeeType(Currently)16 inches & over2,835 yenCRTs(At the start of the law）2,835 yen15 inches & under1,785 yen16 inches V & over2,835 yen-15 inches V & under1,785 yen-171L and more4,830 yenTVsLCDs / PlasmaRefrigerators /Freezers4,830 yen170L and less3,780 yenWashing machines /Clothes dryers---2,520 yen2,520 yenAir-conditioners---2,100 yen3,675 yen* Additional collection and transport charge by retailers and local governments other than the above.

Table of ContentsⅠHome Appliance Recycle Law (HARL)ⅡPanasonic’s Initiatives for RecyclingⅢTrend of the recycling performanceⅣLaw enforcementⅤSummary

Characteristics of Group A’s Recycling System1. Panasonic and Toshiba developed a system that can be accepted bysociety and relatedstakeholders : and formed Group A2. Panasonic established a recycling management company Ecology Netjointly with Toshiba, which takes on 23 manufacturers’ recyclingobligations:Ecology Net developed a system to administer and operate all the 36recycling plants and 379 designated collection points collectively3. Group A adopted a geographically dispersed recycling systemutilizing existing contractors (collectors, recyclers, etc.) through theadministration of Ecology Net

Home Appliance Recycling System of Group A rona, LG Electronics, Samsung, Tokyo Gas, Morita Denko,Takagi Industrial, Electrolux, Orion Electronic, GE, Cleanup,Yanmar, Dometic, Nanao, Akia, Mr Max, PolaroidRecycling Management CompanyEcology Net Co., Ltd.DesignatedCollection PointsLocalGovernmentWaste Generator(Consumers)RetailersRecycling Plants (36)(SY)Manufacturers’ RP (5)Secondarylogistics(2L)PETEC (Panasonic)PETECK ｛(Panasonic) (Mitsubishi Materials)｝CETEC ｛(Mitsubishi Materials) (Panasonic)｝Term(Toshiba)NKRC ｛(Toshiba) (Panasonic)｝ Entrusted recycling plants thathave existed before the law (31)