PPR Parameter UM Test Parameters Test Method PP-RP
Mechanical propertiesPPRParameterUM RequirementsTest parametersTest methodInternal pressure resistanceh 1T 20C 16MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 22T 95C 4,3MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 165T 95C 3,8MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 1000T 95C 3,6MPaEN ISO 1167Test parametersTest methodPP-RPParameterUM RequirementsInternal pressure resistanceh 1T 20C 15MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 22T 95C 4,2MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 165T 95C 4,0MPaEN ISO 1167Internal pressure resistanceh 1000T 95C 3,8MPaEN ISO 1167Physical propertiesPPR and PP-RPParameterUMHeat shrink%Resistance to impactMFI%%Test parametersRequirementsTest method 2T 135CEN743 Method Be8 mm -- t 1 h8 e16 mm -- t 2 he 16 mm -- t 4 hno breakT 0CISO/DIS 985430, max diffe- T 230C m 2,16 Kg ISO 1133rence betweenCONDITION 12 /pipe and typressureUMhTest parametersRequirements 8760 1,9 Mpa - T 110CTest methodEN ISO 1167PP-RPParameterThermalthroughtests16 PPR Piping SystemstabilitypressureUMhRequirements 8760Test parameters 2,3 Mpa T 110CTest methodEN ISO 1167
Physical properties of the raw materialPPR and PP-RPUMRequirementsTest parametersTest methodModulus of elasticityMPa850-9001 mm/minISO 527-2MFIg/10’0,2-0,3T 230C - m 2,16 KgISO 1133MFIg/10’0,4-0,5T 190C - m 5,0 KgISO 1133PPR Piping System 17
TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONSMonolayerFiber glass ierDrinking waterHeating systemsHeating/cooling systemsRadiant systemsIndustrial coolingIndustrial heatingChilled water technologyCooling towersAgricultureSwimming poolsChemical fluid conveyanceTransport of chlorineRainwater and recycled waterIrrigationShip buildingDistrict heating pipelinesystemsCompressed air systemsGeothermal systemsThe system is suitable for this applicationHOW TO READ THE TABLEThe table shows which technology to use, depending on the applications.Once you select the box that represents the APPLICATION, you can find theTECHNOLOGY to be used following the line corresponding to the selectedbox.The choice can sometimes be multiple, as more than one product can satisfythe requirements of the same application. The solutions proposed by NUPIGECO meet the pressure values and the characteristics of the liquid to be transported, allowing the installation of major projects (airports, shopping malls, airconditioning systems) and the most common household plumbing installations.18 PPR Piping System
PPR Piping System 19
Drinking water distributionnetworksThe system allows the transport of hot and cold drinkingwater.Systems for central thermalregulationInstallations in large civil andindustrial buildings for commercial or residential use thatrequire the vertical distribution of piping for the transport of the fluid.Air handling units and rooftop unitsSystems designed to ensure the perfect installation of connections between large climaticrooms and main manifolds for the distributionof chilled fluids.20 PPR Piping System
Chilled water is used to cool the air in a building andthe equipment for refrigeration units, especiallywhen many individual rooms must be separatelycontrolled (e.g. a hotel).Chilled water is produced by an individual unitsized according to the dimensions of the room toserve. The advantage provided by the size of therefrigeration unit is based on the principles of theeconomy of scale.As a consequence, the greater the size of the refrigeration unit, the lower its power consumption. According to these considerations, it is necessary torely on a PPR pipe and fitting system that can fulfilsaving requirements in terms of piping insulation,heat transmission, installation times and head loss.Thanks to the PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECO, commercial buildings can lower installation costs by upto 20%.PPR Piping System 21
VERSATILE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INSTALLATIONS22 PPR Piping System
RISERSHot and cold water distribution networks made withvertical risers in the following configurations: water distribution from public water pipelines toapartment blocks; branching pattern; horizontal ring pattern; cage pattern.TERMINATING COLLECTION POINTSPPR Piping System 23
COOLING TOWERS: used to dispose of unwanted heat produced by a cooler. Big office buildings, hospitals and schools typically use one or more cooling towers as part of their air conditioning systems. Industrial and commercial cooling towers are used to remove the heat of theproduction process. The main aim of large industrial cooling towers is to eliminate the heatabsorbed by the circulating system for cooling water.PUMP ROOMSClass 1 pipes and fittings usedfor the mechanical units adoptedthat shall always be designed RESPECTING PPR PRESSURE CLASSES: centrifugal pumps, multistage pumps, wet rotor pumps,impellers, magnet dynamic fluidpumps, axial pumps, hydraulicwater hammer pumps, linear dynamic fluid pumps.24 PPR Piping System
NO CORROSIONNO SCALINGPP-R pipes are resistant to anytype of water hardness and bearmany of the chemical substanceswith pH values between 1 and 14.PPR is highly resistant to alkalisand many acids, except for somehighly concentrated acids.The inner smoothness of pipesprevents the formation of scale.LIMITED HEAT LOSS ANDCONDENSATIONLike all plastics, PP-R is a poorheat conductor and is thereforean excellent thermal insulator.SUITABLE FOR USE INSEISMIC HAZARD AREASRESISTANCE TO STRAYCURRENTSThis feature is recognized byinternational boards of experts,as polypropylene is resilientwithin the structure of abuilding.Polypropylene is a poorconductor of electricity, so noperforation in the pipe or fittingwill ever occur due to straycurrents.DURABILITYRESISTANCE TO ABRASIONLIMITED HEAD LOSSMore than 50 years, dependingon temperatures and workingpressures.The high abrasion resistance ofPPR PIPING SYSTEM allows thepassage of water at high velocitywithout erosion problems.PPR PIPING SYSTEM pipes havelimited head loss thanks to itsinner smoothness.50 PPR Piping SystemFROST RESISTANCEThe elasticity of PP-R allows thepipe to increase its section whenthe volume of the fluid changesas the water freezes.LOWER NOISE OF THESYSTEMThe elasticity and the soundabsorption of the materialprevent the spread of noise andvibrations due to the passage ofwater and the water hammereffect.
2.1BENEFITS- No corrosion- No scaling- Frost resistance- Limited heat loss andcondensation- Low noise- Limited head loss- Resistance to abrasion- Resistance to stray currents- Durability- Lightness2.1.1 POLYPROPYLENEThe polypropylene used for the PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECO is a special type ofRandom Copolymer with high molecular weight.The special structure of its molecules and the appropriate additives used ensure themechanical resistance and prolonged duration.PPR is very light and easy to process, therefore the material is effectively used toproduce a complete system that allows installation time saving from 30 to 50 %, ifcompared to the traditional metal systems (steel and copper).PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECO is used for the conveyance of drinking water in heating and cooling applications and is also used in the production of refrigeration systems. It is also used for the industrial, agricultural and shipbuilding fields.The raw material is supplied by international certified suppliers and complies withthe most important organoleptic requirements for the transport of drinking waterand contact with food fluids.Polypropylene is available in 4 main types of polymer:TYPE 1TYPE 2TYPE 3TYPE 4HOMOPOLYMERBLOCK COPOLYMERRANDOM COPOLYMERRANDOM COPOLYMER WITHMODIFIED CRYSTALLINITYPP-HPP-BPP-RPP-RCTPPR Piping System 51
NUPIGECO uses PP-R and PP-RCT (internally codified as PP-RP) for its NIRON system.PP-RCT represents the evolution of the 2000s of PP-R. It presents better performancecharacteristics than its predecessor PP-R.The regression curve flattened by ensuring lower decay of pressure/temperatureperformances and the “knee” of the curve disappeared for a more enhanced durability.The required pipe series for a particular application class is calculated from the design stress and the operating pressure. The outcome of this calculation for operatingpressures of 8 bar and 10 bar are presented in table V.Table V: Comparison of the required pipe series and SDR for PP-R and PPRCT for the individual application classes52 PPR Piping SystemOperating pressure8 bar (116 psi)Operating pressure10 bar (145 psi)PP-RPP-RCTPP-RPP-RCTApplication class 160 C hot water supplyApplication class 270 C hot water supplyApplication class 4Underfloor heating and lowtemperature radiatorsS 3,2SDR 7,4S 2,5SDR 6S4SDR 9S4SDR 9S 2,5SDR 6S2SDR 5S 3,2SDR 7,4S 3,2SDR 7,4S 3,2SDR 7,4S4SDR 9S 3,2SDR 7,4S 3,2SDR 7,4Application class 5High temperature radiatorsS2SDR 5S 3,2SDR 7,4-S 2,5SDR 6
Numerous international certificates ensure high qualitystandard of the PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECO:KIWA (Italy)DVGW (Germany)AENOR (Spain)OVGW (Austria)Certif (Portugal)CSTBat (France)ATG (Belgium)WRAS (UK)RINA (Italy)Lloyd Register (UK)Eurofins (France)2.1.2 PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALPropertiesTest methodValues at 23 CUnit of measureVolumic massISO 11830,898g/cm3Yield strengthISO 52723N/mm2Elongation at breakISO 527 50%Modulus of elasticityISO 527850N/mm2ISO 1133Procedure 180,5g/10 minHeat conductivity (λ)DIN 526120,24W/mkLinear thermal expansioncoefficientVDE 03041,5 x 10-4K-1Melting pointDIN 53736b2150 - 154 CImpact strength(Charpy) 23 CISO 179/1 e Ano breakKJ/m2ISO 179/1 e A50KJ/m2Volumic strengthIEC 93 1015Ω cmDielectric strengthIEC 243/175KV/mmDielectric loss factorDIN 53483 5 x 10-4Fire resistanceDIN 4102B2Melt flow indexMFI 190/5-30 CPPR Piping System 53
2.1.3 CHEMICAL AND THERMAL DISINFECTIONA)CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATERThe continuous disinfection with chlorinated drinking water may occur with a concentration of free chlorine up to 0,5 ppm (mg / l).GENERAL INDICATIONS FOR ALLIn Italy, the maximum allowable concentration of free chlorine in water is 0,2 ppm(mg / l).PLUMBING APPLICATIONSThe maximum temperature of 70 C shall not be exceeded.We hereby list some possible actionsaimed at preventing the spread of thebacterium that causes Legionellosis inwater supply zones:- avoid pipes with closed end sections;- move the recirculation loop (if any) as close as possible toThe level of parameters is different for each country, for this reason the system mustcomply with the restrictions relating to drinking water in the country where the pipewill be installed.- expose the supply of water to UV rays using special lamps.Chlorine dioxide as a disinfectantThe use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant in drinking water supply is increasing inrecent years, as the chemical reactivity (and therefore the effects of the disinfection)is about three times higher in case of free chlorine.The preventive treatments against theThis high oxidation generates potential damage to the PPR PIPING SYSTEM.the user;- periodically increase the water supply temperature to 55 C (more if required by maintenance protocols);bacterium, in air conditioning systems,are the following:- use of special devices (droplet separator) in cooling towers;- design of cooling towers so that the air flow can bechanneled into the outer air intakes;- regular cleaning of prevention systems, in order to eliminatethe nutrients of the bacterium;- regular chlorination of the network, according to thestandards and parameters of the law.B)THERMAL DISINFECTION OF THE SYSTEMThe washing temperature is adjusted so that the level of 70 C for a minimum of 3minutes at all points of the drinking water network is maintained.It is essential to observe the maximum allowable limits indicated by the regulationsin force, as regards temperature and working pressure, that differ according to theapplication and use of the building where the system is placed.C)UV TREATMENT FOR THE DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEMSThe irradiation with ultraviolet light is a valid alternative method for the disinfection of drinking water. The application of ultraviolet light is a method of disinfectionwhich seems to be more effective in the proximity of the point of use.54 PPR Piping System
2.1.4 CERTIFIED QUALITYWe hereby list the reference laws, guidelines and standards for the PPR PIPING SYSTEMby NUPIGECO:- GENERAL QUALITY AND DIMENSION REQUIREMENTSUNI EN ISO 15874 Plastics piping systems for hot and cold water installations -- Polypropylene (PP).ASTM F2389 Standard Specification for Pressure-rated Polypropylene (PP) PipingSystems.CERTIFIED QUALITYThe quality of the PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECOis guaranteed by numerous national and internationalindependent bodies.CSA B137.11 Polypropylene (PP-R) pipe and fittings for pressure applications.NSF/ANSI Standard 14 Plastics Piping System Components and Related Materials.DIN 8077 Polypropylene (PP) Pipes - PP-H, PP-B, Pp-R, PP-RCT – Dimensions.DIN 8078 Polypropylene (PP) Pipes - PP-H, PP-B, Pp-R, PP-RCT – General quality requirements and testing.DVGW Working sheets.- HYGIENIC LAWS AND SPECIFICATIONSW270 (Germany) [Increase of Microorganisms on materials. Used for potable waterapplication-Test and Evaluation].BS 6920 British Standard Suitability Of Non-Metallic Products For Use In ContactWith Water Intended For Human Consumption With Regard To Their Effect On TheQuality Of The Water.ACS (Attestation de Conformité Sanitaire)Hydrocheck (Belgaqua)D.M. 174 of 16.04.04 (Italy)NSF/ANSI Standard 61 Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects.- INSTALLATION STANDARDSDIN 2000 Guidelines For Drawing Up Requirements For The Design, Construction,Operation And Maintenance Of Public Drinking Water Supply System.EN 806 Specifications For Installations Inside Buildings Conveying Water For HumanConsumption.DIN 1988 Codes of practice for drinking water installations - DVGW code of practice.DIN 4109 Standard for the elimination of noise in the field of structural engineering.DIN 16962 Pipe Joints And Elements For Polypropylene (Pp) - Pressure Pipelines.DVS 2207 Welding of thermoplastic materials.DVS 2208 Welding machines and devices for thermoplastic materials.DIN 18381 German construction contract procedures (VOB) - Part C: General technical specifications in construction contracts (ATV) - Installation of gas, water anddrainage pipework inside buildings.DIN 16928 Pipes of Thermoplastic Materials; Pipe Joints, Elements for Pipes, Laying;General Directions.PPR Piping System 55
2.1.5 CONTROL SYSTEMThe production of pipes and fittings requires the supervision, regulation and control of all the working operations. All results are recorded and documented.OUR STANDARD INCLUDES:-acceptance testing of raw materials and incoming goods;process control;inspection and testing of products;final inspection and sample tests on the production batches.This procedure is required by the standard that regulates the Quality ManagementSystem (UNI EN ISO 9001) and the relevant protocols for the quality control of piping systems for the transport of water inside buildings (UNI EN ISO 15874, ASTMF2389, etc.).INTERNAL CONTROLSkilled employees ensure that all assessments are carried out according to the appropriate regulations and fulfill all technical arrangements in accordance with thequality policy.All internal quality controls are documented, recorded and stored in accordancewith the provisions of law.56 PPR Piping System
2.1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCEACCEPTANCE OF INCOMING GOODSAll incoming goods are subject to specific tests that guarantee that incoming products conform to the specified requirements.INSPECTION AND TESTThe quality plan adopted by NUPIGECO requires that tests and inspections are carried out before and during the production process.During the production phase, the quality plan establishes that products pass thefollowing tests:- dimensional check;- surface check;- marking check;- control of process parameters.The samples are collected and sent to the quality department that performs qualitychecks and performance testing on the products and submits them to various degrees and types of stress (pressure, temperature, oxidation, etc.).PPR Piping System 57
FINAL INSPECTION AND TESTINGThe quality plan adopted by NUPIGECO requires that the inspections and tests arecarried out on the entire production cycle.All test results are documented in the test report and the certificate 3.1 (available onrequest).Final tests include:- internal pressure test at 95 C (time and pressure are specified in the referencestandard);- cold impact test;- oxidation induction time;- melt flow index;- homogeneity test with polarized light microscopy;- dimensional checks;- elongation test with dynamometer;- tensile test ( 23 N/mm2) with dynamometer.After the final tests, more tests are carried out on some batches:- thermal cycle: pipes and fittings are subjected to temperature cycles lasting 15minutes at 95 C and 15 minutes at 20 C with a pressure of 10 bar for a total of5.000 cycles;- oxidation induction time: determining the percentage of antioxidants in theproduct after the extrusion process;- thermal stability at 110 C for 8.760 hours ( 1 year).STORAGE/PACKING/SHIPPINGUpon positive test results, the products are suitably packaged and stored in suitablewarehouses.The internal procedure regarding the method of packing, storage and shipping ofproducts is represented by the following diagram.INTERNAL CONTROL - SYSTEM CONTROLAcceptance testIncoming goods (raw materials, vendors’ parts)In-process inspectionProcess monitoringFinal Inspection- dimensional check- surface check- melt flow rate- impact test- heat reversion test- pressure test58 PPR Piping SystemPipe extrusionFitting injection moldingIn-process stockStoragePackingSale
EXTERNAL AUDITNUPIGECO submits its management and production system to external audits performed by third party certification bodies.The external audit consists of tests carried out at given intervals.Audit frequency depends on the procedure established by the specific standard and by each certification body.The external supervision also provides:-verification of the quality system;calibration of test equipment;hygiene and toxicity tests.The results are confirmed by test certificates obtained by NUPIGECO.PPR Piping System 59
4.1 CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL ANDMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PPRCharacteristicsTest methodValuesUnit of measureVolumic massISO 11830,898g/cm3Yield strengthISO 52723N/mm2Elongation at breakISO 527 50%Modulus of elasticityISO 527850N/mm2ISO 1133Procedure 180,3g/10 minHeat conductivity (λ)DIN 526120,24W/mkLinear thermal expansioncoefficientVDE 03041,5 x 10-4K-1Melting rangeDIN 53736b2150 - 154 CImpact strength(Charpy) 23 CISO 179/1 e Ano breakKJ/m2ISO 179/1 e A50KJ/m2Volumic strengthIEC 93 1015Ω cmDielectric strengthIEC 243/175KV/mmFire resistanceDIN 4102B2Melt flow indexMFI 190/596 PPR Piping System-30 C
4.2THE PIPEPPR PIPING SYSTEM pipes are manufactured in accordance with standards UNI EN ISO15874 and ISO21003 and are divided into:- MONOLAYER PIPES- MULTILAYER PIPESThey are sized to meet the needs of different types of installation.The maximum constant pressure in bar at 20 C for 50 years, is obtained by the relation:20 σPN where:PNσSDRCC (SDR - 1) Nominal Pressure (bar) Hoop Stress of PPR (MPa) Standard Dimension Ratio (External Diameter/Thickness) Safety CoefficientThe European Standard UNI EN ISO 15874 includes the classification of PPR piping systems intended to be used for hot and cold water installations. The PPR PIPING SYSTEMby NUPIGECO meets these requirements by ensuring a performance as per classes 1,2 and 4 listed in the table below and classe 5 thanks to PP-RP.ClassToper ( C)² Years to ToperPressureBarTmax ( C)² Years at Tmax Tmal ( C)² Hours at TmalEUROPEAN STANDARDUNI EN ISO 15874Fields of use160491080195100Hot water (60 C)27049880195100Hot water (70 C)202,510702,5100100Floor heating and heatingat max temperature 70 C10901100100High temperatureheating systemsFollowed by44020Followed by60252014Followed by56025Followed by8010Note 1: if more than one operating temperature is present in only one class, times must be combined.For example, the operating temperature expected for 50 years for class 2 is 70 C for 49 years combined with 80 C for 1 year and 95 C for 100 hours.Note 2: for values of Toper (working temperature), Tmax (maximum working temperature) and Tmal (malfunctioning temperature) higher than those indicated in the table, these standards are not applicable.PPR Piping System 97
4.3THERMAL EXPANSIONPlastic pipes are subject to thermal expansion, a phenomenon that has to be takeninto consideration to prevent any possible damage.The thermal expansion or contraction of a plastic pipe can be calculated using formula B.1 below and the coefficients of thermal expansion shown in the followingtable.COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION FOR PLASTIC PIPINGPipe materialα (mm/mK)PEPE-XPPPBPE-RT0,200,150,150,130,19 L α L TSymbolDescriptionΔL linear thermal expansioncoefficient of linear thermal expanαf sion of monolayer PPR pipescoefficient of linear thermal expanα(FG) sion of PPR pipes with fiber glassL pipe lengthdifference between the installationΔT temperature and the temperature ofthe transported fluid98 PPR Piping SystemValue(FORMULA B.1)Unit ofmeasuremmmillimeters0,15mm/mK millimeters/meter kelvin0,035mm/mK millimeters/meter kelvinmmetersKdegrees Kelvin
We hereby suggest some solutions to compensate the effects of linear expansionaccording to the different types of installation:INSIDE WALL INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION ON HORIZONTAL CONTINUOUS SUPPORTSFREE INSTALLATIONINSIDE WALL INSTALLATION Non-insulated pipe: the expansion will spread inside the pipe. Insulated pipe: the expansion will slightly compress the insulation layer tocompensate the elongation.INSIDE WALL INSTALLATIONInside wall installation has always been the most recommended kind of installationfor monolayer PP-R pipes because it avoids direct exposure to UV rays and benefitsfrom a lower linear expansion as the outer layer is completely in contact with a largeexchange area:- the pipe can be walled directly in contact with plaster, lime and cement;- the expansion does not carry the force required to remove the tiles and/or breakthe plaster.PPR Piping System 99
PPR Piping System 51 2.1.1 POLYPROPYLENE The polypropylene used for the PPR PIPING SYSTEM by NUPIGECO is a special type of Random Copolymer with high molecular weight. The special structure of its molecules and the appropriate additives used
PPR 6014 Pediatric Pharmacotherapy 2-0-0-2 PPR 6015 Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) 3-0-0-3 PPR 6016 Introduction to Postgraduate Residency Training 2-0-0-2 PPR 6017 Pediatric Pharmacotherapy 3-0-0-3 PPR 6018 Organizational Leadership 2-0-0-2 PPR 6019 Introduction to Principles in Patient Safety 3-0-0-3 .
Dec 22, 2014 · February 5th PPR 4 February 10th Cognitive Approaches 8 February 12th PPR 5 February 17th Thinking, reasoning and problem solving, Exam Review 9 February 19th February 24th Exam 1 Study! February 26th Motivation 10 PPR 6 March 10th March 12th Student Diversity 6 PPR 7 March 17th March 19th Quiz 2 (O
The Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities (PPR). Students will take the practice test for the PPR in Block III. To be eligible to take the PPR exam, students must pass the practice test with an acceptable score. Students may register for the practice tes
successful completion of both their internship experience and PPR completion. Schedule pgs. 5-8 Passed V. TExES PPR Exam 160/270 A pyramid of interventions is used to support candidates in their successful completion of the exam. Three PPR Mock Exams with partnered prep sessions
creation of EC-3 PPR and Science of Teaching Reading exams Adding a 4-8 PPR exam Adding a 7-12 PPR exam o While SBEC is exploring the elimination of the 4-8 core subjects certificate, they are planning to maintain the existing EC-6 core
water supply layout symbols tee 45 deg elbow union wc lav sho water closet lavatory shower fd floor drain pu pd riser (pipe up) riser (pipe down) riser (pipe up & down) water service entrance 25 mm Ø ppr cwl pipe 20 mm Ø ppr cwl pipe 90 deg elbow m gv cv water meter gate valve check valve hb hose bibb 32 mm Ø ppr cwl pipe
Sources: St Jude Medical worldwide returned product analysis data in April 3, 2012 Medical Device Advisory Letter (US data in Nov 2011 PPR and supplemental US and International data on file). Boston Scientific worldwide data in Q4 2011 PPR, Medtronic US data in 2011-2 PPR.
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