A Short History And Applications Of 3D Printing .

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 2009A short history and applications of 3D Printing technologies in TurkeyErkut NegisSynergy Publishing and ConsultingTurkCADCAM.netAbstract – After 1990, with the effect of government’snew economic reforms, Turkish economy has greatly openedto global competition and this forced local manufacturers todo their own R&D work internally. In 1993 Arcelik, one ofthe Turkey’s largest consumer products and white goodsmanufacturer installed Turkey’s first 3D printer; 3DSystems’ SLA 250. Within 10 years, Arcelik’s RP Lab.become Turkey’s largest and one of the largest labs inEurope.After year 2000, more and more companies purchased theirown 3D printers. After the adoption of 3D CAD software forjewelry design, large number of Solidscape wax printers aresold to jewelry industry for investment casting applications.After 2003, medical applications started to grow rapidly andspecialized companies were established for medicalapplications.Although the progress is still slow, lately rapidmanufacturing, tooling and direct metal fabricationapplication has also grown relatively faster than before Keywords –3D printing, TurkeyI. INTRODUCTIONUntil the end of 1980’s, Turkish companies fromconsumer products and automotive industry were mainlyfocused on mass production, assembling, marketing andsales. During these times most of the design, developmentwork and tooling was outsourced from European andUSA companies simply by licensing or importing relatedtooling and machinery.After 1990, with the effect of government’s neweconomic reforms, Turkish economy has greatly openedto global competition and this forced local manufacturersto do their own R&D work internally. This was the onlyway to become competitive globally. Rapid new productdevelopment and manufacturing requirements first forcedcompanies start to use 2D and 3D CAD systems and CNCmachines for tooling and machining. By the time, rapidprototyping requirements led companies to import and use3D Printers.In 1993 Arcelik, one of the Turkey’s largest consumerproducts and white goods manufacturer installed Turkey’sfirst 3D printer; 3D Systems’ SLA 250. Within 10 years,with the support of Governments R&D funding, Arcelikinstalled larger SLA Systems and SLS systems (fromDTM) and FDM systems from Stratasys. As a resultArcelik’s RP lab become Turkey’s largest and one of thelargest in Europe.Some of the other early adopters was ASELSAN (3DSystems SLA 5000, Stratasys FDM 1650)DOKTAS(Helisys LOM 2030H9, BASARI Elektronik (EOSSTEREOS), Demirdokum (Stratasys FDM 1650).Since the year 2.000, with the rapid growthnew product development applications andprinter system prices, more and morepurchased their 3D own printers for in housedevelopment applications.of Turkishlower 3Dcompaniesdesign andThe table below shows the 3D printers used in Turkey andtheir distributors or reseller for Turkish marketManufacturer/BrandRepresentative / VAR3D SystemsConcept LaserEnvisiontec / PerfactoryEOS GmbHEOS GmbH (FORMIGAsystems)Cadem A.S., www.cadem.com.tr4C Ltd., www.4c.com.trPiramit, www.piramtek.comPROTEC, www.protec.com.tr3DDT Ltd. Turkey,www.3ddt.com.trinfo( )TRON A.S.,www.infotron.com.trPlastosel, www.plastosel.comYenasoft Ltd., www.yenasoft.com4C Ltd., www.4c.com.trinfo( )TRON A.S.,www.infotron.com.tr4C Ltd., www.4c.com.tr3DDT Ltd. Turkey,www.3ddt.com.trMCP-HEK / SLMObjet Geometries Ltd.Solido Ltd.SolidScapeStratasysZ Corp.Based on the installed 3D Printer numbers, Turkishmarket mostly dominated by Solidscape, Stratasys, and ZCorp. systems. Currently, There are nearly 100 StratasysFDM or Dimension machines installed and %20 of themused by Universities.There are nearly 300 Solidscape systems and most of theused by Jewelry design and manufacturing companies.There are about 30 Z Corp. 3D Printers and %30 of 3DPrinters used by Universities. 10 of Z Corp. 3D Printershas color capability. These machines mostly used in

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 2009marketing, nbul Tech. Univ.About 14 machines are installed from 3D Systems. 5 ofthem are used in Jewellery sector (1 SLA Viper, 3Invision, 1 ProJet)There are 22 3D printers from Objet. 3 of them are used injewellery manufacturers.There are about 5 EOSINT machines; 1 of them at Univ.,1 of them for jewellery manufacturer.II. SERVICE BUREAUSIn Turkey, Some of the printer owner companies worksalso as a RP service bureau. There are little companieswhich is established solely as a RP service bureau. Thebelow listed companies are leading ones that targets bothlocal and European markets for various RP&M services.RP Service Bureau 90www.plus90.comDefne gTroy Teknoloji Ltd.www.troyteknoloji.comYuksel Model Ltd.www.yukselmodel.comOffered 3D printingtechnologiesStratasys Vantage se SLA, SLS and PolyJetIYTE, IzmirMarmara Univ., IstanbulMiddle East Tech. Univ.,AnkaraSabanci Univ., IstanbulSakarya Univ., SakaryaSultanahmet End. MeslekLisesi, IstanbulTUBITAK Adana – USAM(Cukurova Univ.), AdanaYildiz Teknik Univ.IstanbulYeditepe Univ. ,IstanbulObjet Eden 500VZ Corp. Z310Solidscape R663D Systems ThermoJetStratasys FDM 30002 x Stratasys DimensionEOS EOSINT P380Stratasys DimensionZ Corp. Z406Z Corp. Zprinter 310 PlusStratasys FDM Prodigy Plus3D Systems ThermoJetZ Corp. Z310Table: 3D printers installed at Turkish educational and researchinstitutionsIn Turkey, little basic research is done about 3D printingtechnologies, materials and software. However more workis done about 3D printing applications in Industry. Suchas Ref [6]For example, a PC controlled FDM type 3D printer isconstructed at Gaziantep Univ. for educational purposes[5];Stratasys FDMOBJET Eden 260Z Corp. Zprinter Z310Z Corp. Spectrum Z510SystemThese companies can also give 3D digitizing, reverseengineering and 3D CAD modeling, industrial design andengineering services.PC controlled 3D Printer (FDM)Detailed list of service bureaus and most of the 3D Printersystem users are given in reference [2]III. EDUCATION and RESEARCHMostly with the support of Turkish Government orEuropean Community Project funding, a lot of technicaluniversities and some technical colleges brought andinstalled their own 3D printers. They are both used ineducation, research projects and RP&M services toindustry.Educational/researchinstitution, CityABIGEM Teknopark, KocaeliAnadolu Univ., EskisehirDesignEge, IzmirGaziantep Univ., GaziantepInstalled 3D Printer(s)OBJET Eden 260Z Corp. Spectrum Z510OBJET Eden 260Z Corp. Z310CAD modelSample partThe below project is made at Gebze Institute ofTechnology as an Government funded research project.[7]

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 2009Copper coated stereolithographic electrode before testing. [10]IV. JEWELLERY APPLICATIONSLaser assisted direct metal part fabrication system (LADMPF) [7]Turkey has Europe’s one of the largest Jewelry design andmanufacturing Industry. The first Solidscape systems aresold in 1998 for jewelry companies. Although it took a lotof effort and time (6 years) to adopt them jewelry 3DCAD software (mainly JewelCAD), after that manycompanies purchased their 3D Printers. Today, there arenearly 300 Solidscape systems are installed at jewelrymanufacturers.Although installed numbers are very low compared toSolidscape systems, other 3D Printer systems are alsoused by Turkish Jewelry companies such as, 3D SystemsViper, ThermoJet, Envisiontec / Perfactory and Meiko LC510Two of the Jewelry manufacturers GOLDAS and Favorileads Turkish Jewelry Industry with largest number ofinstalled 3D Printers;Samples fabricated via LADMPF experimental unit. [7]At Middle East Technical Univ. Ankara, various researchhave been done on porous structures fabricated via SLStechnology. [8], [9]CompanyFavori, Istanbulwww.favori.com.trGOLDAS, Istanbulwww.goldas.comwww.molddsign.comTtrapped powder in 1 mm pores in a test part [8]Installed 3D Printers1 x Meiko LC 5103 x Solidscape ModelMaker II3 x Solidscape/ PatternMaster2 x Solidscape/ T661 x 3D Systems ProJet3D Systems SLA Viper3D Systems ThermoJetSolidscape/ PatternMasterEOS EOSINT M 250 XtendedBelow photos are belongs to GOLDAS and model madevia their own 3D Systems Viper [4];At Gazi Univ. Ankara, with the support of ASELSAN, amilitary electronics design and manufacturing company,some research have been done on copper coatedstereolithographic EDM electrodes. [10]Ring model from SLA ViperSilver ring (after investmentcasting)

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 2009V. MEDICAL APPLICATIONSIn 2003, the first medical craniofacial implant design andmanufacturing and surgery made with the cooperation ofCadem A.S. and Opr. Dr. Sacit Karademir from AmericanHospital [3]. Materialise MIMICS is used to handle CTdata.Service bureausapplicationsfor4C Medikalwww.4cmedikal.com.trmedical3D printersZ Corp.Hofmann Turkwww.hofmannturk.comAy edikalmodel.comProMedARTwww.ProMedART.comConcept Laser GmbHM1 CusingEnvisiontecPERFACTORYYuksel Model Ltd.www.yukselmodel.comZ Corp. Spectrum Z510System3D Systems SLA 2503D Printers areoutsourcedMedical applications of 3D Printing and CAD/CAMtechnologies are advanced rapidly in Turkey within last 510 years. Currently -in many ways- they can easilycompete with similar European or US companies. Someexamples are given below;Sensable Freeform Haptic interfaced 3D modeling systemwas used to design the implant and 3D Systems’ThermoJet 3D Printer was used to manufacture waxmodels. After titanium investment casting, the implantsuccessfully placed by Dr. Karademir.CT data (Materialise MIMICS)Defected skull(SenSable Freeform)Implant model (grey part)ThermoJet wax models beforetitanium investment castingMedical applications growing relatively fast in Turkey.Within last 2-3 years some companies are establishedespecially for medical and dental applications of 3Dprinting technologies. They are listed in the below table;Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery example by 4C Medikal and GATA [11]

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 2009Dental bridges via LaserCUSING from in house developed CoCrpowder material, Hofmann TurkstentCad custom dental implant drilling guide from Ay TasarimAnatomic models for Orthognatic surgery by MedCAM3D CT data, custom manufactured implant and photos before and aftersurgery – ProMedART [12]VI. ARCITECTURAL APLICATIONSMostly Zcorp 3D Printers are used for architecturalmodeling in Turkey. Below are some examples;ProMedART uses Freeform haptic 3D modeling system for customimplant designThese models made by Yuksel Model, (www.yukselmodel.com)The below models are desgined and manufactured by Erkan Kapucu(www.erkankapucu.com)

US – TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, September 24 - 25, 20093D CAD modelModels via (Z-Corp) 3D printing by Erkan KapucuVII. DIRECT METAL FABRICATIONThe first metal fabricator in Turkey was installed byArcelik for rapid tooling applications. (DTM Sinterstation2500). This system required post sintering and infiltrationto get final tooling and it was not very usefull/practical forthe company. Later this machine has left for glass filledPA sintering. Currently there are very few number 3DPrinters in Turkey of direct metal sintering;Finished modelCompanye molddsign.comHofmann Turkwww.hofmannturk.comInstalled 3D PrintersEOS EOSINT M270EOS EOSINT M 250 XtendedConcept Laser GmbHM1 CusingHofmann Turk has opened its offices in at the end of 2008and currently has the most advanced direct metal sinteringcapabilities in TurkeyVIII. FUTURE PROSPECTSIt is expected that 3D Printers and its applications willgrow as Turkish industry grows and becomes globallymore competitive.Bank building modelAlthoughTurkCADCAMyahoo AM) whichhas more than 5.000 members from Turkish CAD/CAMsector covers 3D Printer and RP&M related discussionsand postings since its establishment in 2001 still there isno physical organization among the 3D Printer Users inTurkey.