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A S C E S TtheANDA RversionDASCE/SEIThis is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchasefullfrom the ANSIstore.37-14American Society of Civil EngineersDesign Loadson Structuresduring ConstructionThis document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary units.Published by the American Society of Civil Engineersffirs01.indd i1/28/2015 5:07:41 PM
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This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.ASCE STANDARDSIn 2006, the Board of Direction approved the revision tothe ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern thewriting and maintenance of standards developed by theSociety. All such standards are developed by a consensusstandards process managed by the Society’s Codes andStandards Committee (CSC). The consensus processincludes balloting by a balanced standards committeemade up of Society members and nonmembers, ballotingby the membership of the Society as a whole, and ballotingby the public. All standards are updated or reaffirmed bythe same process at intervals not exceeding five years.A complete list of currently available standards is available in the ASCE Library iffirs03.indd iii1/28/2015 5:07:44 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.ffirs03.indd iv1/28/2015 5:07:44 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.CONTENTSASCE STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiPREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix1.0GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3Basic Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4Alternate Criteria for Design Loads during Construction.111122.0LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1Loads Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2Load Combinations and Load Factors for Strength Design2.3Allowable Stress Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.4Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555893.0DEAD AND LIVE LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1Dead Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2Live Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1111114.0CONSTRUCTION LOADS . . . . . . . . . . .4.1General Requirements . . . . . . . .4.2Material Loads . . . . . . . . . . . .4.3Personnel and Equipment Load, Cp .4.4Horizontal Construction Load, CH .4.5Erection and Fitting Forces, CF . . .4.6Equipment Reactions, CR . . . . . .4.7Form Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . .4.8Application of Loads . . . . . . . .1313141516171718205.0LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2Determination of Lateral Earth Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2525256.0ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS .6.1Risk Category . . .6.2Wind . . . . . . . .6.3Thermal Loads . . .6.4Snow Loads . . . .6.5Earthquake . . . . .6.6Rain . . . . . . . .6.7Ice . . . . . . . . .2728283132333435INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.vftoc.indd v1/28/2015 5:07:49 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.ftoc.indd vi1/28/2015 5:07:49 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.PREFACEThe material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles. This Standard and Commentary should not be usedwithout first securing competent advice with respect totheir suitability for any given application. The publicationof the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Societyof Civil Engineers, or of any person named herein, that thisinformation is suitable for any general or particular use orpromises freedom from infringement of any patent orpatents. Anyone making use of this information assumesall liability from such use.Earlier drafts of this Standard and Commentary werereviewed and balloted several times by the full StandardsCommittee. The votes and comments returned by themembers were reviewed and their proposed resolutionsdeveloped by the appropriate subcommittees. The resulting approved changes in the text are included in thisvolume.Some of the provisions were adopted from other codes,standards, regulations, and specifications; some reflect prevailing industry design and construction practices; somegrew out of the experiences, practices, and opinions ofmembers of the Committee; and some others were developed through research conducted specifically for thisStandard by members of the Committee.Preparation of a standard for Design Loads on Structures during Construction and its outline were originallyproposed to ASCE by Robert T. Ratay in 1987, resultingin the first edition of the Standard published in 2002 asASCE/SEI 37-02, Design Loads on Structures during Construction. The Committee, through its subcommittees, hasbeen working on the development of a revision to theStandard to embrace comments, recommendations, andexperiences since the original 2002 edition, and to supplement the loading requirements of ASCE/SEI 7-10, MinimumDesign Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, since thelatter does not include requirements for loads during construction. The environmental loads provisions of thisASCE/SEI 37-14 have been aligned with those of ASCE/SEI 7-10 and adjusted for the duration of the constructionperiod.Final committee balloting was completed, and publiccomments solicited and resolved in mid-2014.viifpref.indd vii1/28/2015 5:07:47 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.fpref.indd viii1/28/2015 5:07:47 PM
This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSDesign Loads on Structures during Construction, StandardASCE/SEI 37-14, was developed over a period of severalyears by the Design Loads on Structures during Construction Standard Committee of the Codes and StandardsActivities Division (CSAD) of the Structural EngineeringInstitute (SEI), and of the Codes and Standards ActivitiesRobert T. Ratay, Ph.D., P.E., F.SEI,F.ASCE, ChairmanRubin M. Zallen, P.E., F.ASCE,Chapter 1.0, GeneralJohn F. Duntemann, P.E., S.E.,M.ASCE, Chapter 2.0, Loads andLoad CombinationsCris Subrizi, P.E., M.ASCE, Chapter3.0, Dead and Live LoadsJohn S. Deerkoski, P.E., S.E., P.P.,F.ASCE, and Alan Fisher, P.E.,M.ASCE, Chapter 4.0, ConstructionLoadsThe particularly active long-term participation and valuable contribution of the following members, in addition tothe chair, the five subcommittee chairs, and two co-chairs,is acknowledged: James R. Harris, Gilliam S. Harris,Donald Dusenberry, and David W. Johnston.ASCE acknowledges the work of the Design Loads onStructures during Construction Standard Committee of theRobert T. Ratay, Ph.D., P.E., F.SEI,F.ASCE, ChairCosema E. Crawford, P.E., M.ASCEJohn S. Deerkoski, P.E., S.E., P.P.,F.ASCE, Chapter 4 SubcommitteeCo-ChairJohn F. Duntemann, P.E., S.E.,M.ASCE, Chapter 2 SubcommitteeChairDonald Dusenberry, P.E., F.ASCE,F.SEIAlan Fisher, P.E., M.ASCE, Chapter 4Subcommittee Co-ChairNoel J. GardnerDavid H. Glabe, P.E., M.ASCERam A. Goel, P.E., F.ASCEAllan H. Gold, P.E., S.E., R.A.,F.ASCEVijayalakshmi Gopalrao, Aff.M.ASCEDennis W. Graber, P.E., L.S., M.ASCEGilliam S. Harris, P.E., F.ASCECommittee (CSAC) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). This 2014 edition was prepared by six subcommittees of the Design Loads on Structures duringConstruction Standard Committee under the leadership ofthe following individuals:Vincent Tirolo Jr., P.E., M.ASCE,Chapter 5.0, Lateral EarthPressureJames G. Soules, P.E., S.E., P.Eng.,SECB, F.SEI, F.ASCE, Chapter 6.0,Environmental LoadsCSAD of SEI and of the CSAC of ASCE. The StandardCommittee comprises individuals from many backgroundsincluding design, analysis, research, consulting engineering, construction, education, government, and privatepractice.Voting members of the 42-member Standard Committeeare:James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E., F.SEI,M.ASCEPhilip T. Hodge, P.E., M.ASCEWilliam P. Jacobs V, P.E., S.E.,M.ASCEDavid W. Johnston, Ph.D., P.E.,F.ASCERoger S. Johnston, P.E., M.ASCERobert C. Krueger, P.E., M.ASCEDavid G. Kurtanich Sr., P.E., M.ASCEJim E. Lapping, P.E., M.ASCEJohn V. Loscheider, P.E., M.ASCERobert G. McCrackenBob Glenn McCullouch, P.E.,M.ASCEThomas J. Meany Jr., P.E., F.ASCEBrian Medcalf, P.E., M.ASCEJoel Moskowitz, P.E., D.GE, M.ASCEJoe N. Nunnery, P.E., M.ASCEDai H. Oh, P.E., M.ASCEDavid B. Peraza, P.E., M.ASCEMax L. Porter, Ph.D., P.E., F.SEI,Dist.M.ASCEEmil Simiu, Ph.D., P.E., F.EMI,F.ASCEJohn M. Simpson, P.E., M.ASCEJames G. Soules, P.E., S.E., P.Eng.,SECB, F.SEI, F.ASCE, Chapter 6Subcommittee ChairCris Subrizi, P.E., M.ASCE, Chapter 3Subcommittee ChairBruce A. Suprenant, P.E., M.ASCERaymond H. R. Tide, Ph.D., P.E.,F.ASCEVincent Tirolo Jr., P.E., M.ASCE,Chapter 5 Subcommittee ChairRonald W. Welch, Ph.D., P.E.,M.ASCEMichael A. West, P.E., F.SEI, F.ASCETerry K. Wright, P.E., M.ASCERubin M. Zallen, P.E., F.ASCE,Chapter 1 Subcommittee Chairixflast.indd ix1/28/2015 5:07:46 PM
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CHAPTER 1This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014". Click here toGENERALpurchase the full version from the ANSI store.STANDARD1.1PURPOSECOMMENTARYC1.1PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide minimum designload requirements during construction of buildings andother structures.The construction loads, load combinations, and loadfactors contained herein account for the often short duration of loading, and for the variability of temporary loads.Many elements of the completed structure that are reliedupon implicitly to provide strength, stiffness, stability, orcontinuity are sometimes not present during construction.The requirements in this standard complement those inASCE/SEI 7-10 (ASCE/SEI 2010).1.2C1.2SCOPESCOPEThis standard addresses partially completed structures,temporary structures, and temporary supports used duringconstruction. The loads specified herein are suitable foruse either with strength design [such as ultimate strengthdesign (USD) or load and resistance factor design(LRFD)] or with allowable stress design (ASD). The loadsare equally applicable to all conventional constructionmaterials.This standard does not specify the party responsible forthe design of temporary structures or temporary supports,or for the temporary use of incomplete structures. Thisstandard also does not specify the party responsible foron-site supervision of the construction of temporary structures or temporary supports, or for the use of incompletestructures.In this standard, loads and load factors are based on probability where sufficient probabilistic information is available. Where there is insufficient probabilistic information,loads and load factors are established by experience andengineering judgment.Safety factors for ASD and capacity reduction factorsfor strength design are not given in this standard. They aregiven or implied in the structural design standards for thevarious structural materials.This standard is not intended to account for loads causedby gross negligence or error.This standard is intended for use by engineers knowledgeable in the performance of structures.Responsibilities for the design of temporary structuresand temporary supports, for the design for temporary useof partially completed structures, and for supervision ofsite activities to control loads on structures are contractualmatters that should be resolved among the parties involvedin the construction of a structure. This standard is notintended to establish the responsible parties for any ofthose activities.The requirements contained herein are not intended toadversely affect the selection of a particular constructionmaterial or type of construction.1.3C1.3BASIC REQUIREMENTS1.3.1 Structural Integrity Partially completed structuresand temporary structures shall possess sufficient structuralintegrity, under all stages of construction, to remain stableand resist the loads specified herein.Stability of the incomplete structure and the possibilityof progressive collapse shall be considered.BASIC REQUIREMENTSC1.3.1 Structural Integrity Structural integrity shouldbe provided by sequencing the construction so as to avoidcreating vulnerable partially completed portions of thestructure; by completing the permanent system that supports lateral loads as the dependent portions of the structure are erected; by avoiding conditions that result inloads that exceed the capacity of structural elements andtheir connections; or otherwise by providing temporarysupports.In many cases, stronger members and connections thanoriginally designed for the permanent structure will haveto be provided to support construction loads.Many structures experience higher wind loading on theopen structure than on the completed, enclosed structure,1c01.indd 11/28/2015 5:07:31 PM
ed duringconstruction. The loads specified herein are suitable foruse either with strength design [such as ultimate strengthdesign (USD) or load and resistance factor design(LRFD)] or with allowable stress design (ASD). The loadsare equally applicable to all conventional constructionmaterials.This standard does not specify the party responsible forthe design of temporary structures or temporary supports,or for the temporary use of incomplete structures. Thisstandard also does not specify the party responsible foron-site supervision of the construction of temporary structures or temporary supports, or for the use of incompletestructures.In this standard, loads and load factors are based on probability where sufficient probabilistic information is available. Where there is insufficient probabilistic information,loads and load factors are established by experience andengineering judgment.Safety factors for ASD and capacity reduction factorsfor strength design are not given in this standard. They aregiven or implied in the structural design standards for thevarious structural materials.This standard is not intended to account for loads causedby gross negligence or error.This standard is intended for use by engineers knowledgeable in the performance of structures.Responsibilities for the design of temporary structuresand temporary supports, for the design for temporary useof partially completed structures, and for supervision ofsite activities to control loads on structures are contractualmatters that should be resolved among the parties involvedin the construction of a structure. This standard is notintended to establish the responsible parties for any ofthose activities.The requirements contained herein are not intended toadversely affect the selection of a particular constructionmaterial or type of construction.1.3C1.3BASIC REQUIREMENTS1.3.1 Structural Integrity Partially completed structuresand temporary structures shall possess sufficient structuralintegrity, under all stages of construction, to remain stableand resist the loads specified herein.Stability of the incomplete structure and the possibilityof progressive collapse shall be considered.BASIC REQUIREMENTSC1.3.1 Structural Integrity Structural integrity shouldbe provided by sequencing the construction so as to avoidcreating vulnerable partially completed portions of thestructure; by completing the permanent system that supports lateral loads as the dependent portions of the structure are erected; by avoiding conditions that result inloads that exceed the capacity of structural elements andtheir connections; or otherwise by providing temporarysupports.In many cases, stronger members and connections thanoriginally designed for the permanent structure will haveto be provided to support construction loads.Many structures experience higher wind loading on theopen structure than on the completed, enclosed structure,1c01.indd 11/28/2015 5:07:31 PM
ASCE/SEI 37-14 have been aligned with those of ASCE/ SEI 7-10 and adjusted for the duration of the construction period. Final committee balloting was completed, and public comments solicited and resolved in mid-2014. fpref.indd vii 1/28/2015 5:07:47 PM This is a preview of "ASCE/SEI 37-2014".
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Writing Human Factors Plans & Reports for Medical Technology Development pReVIeW COpY This is a preview edition of an AAMI guidance document and is intended to allow potential purchasers to evaluate the content of the document before making a purchasing decision. For a complete copy of this AAMI document contact AAMI at 1- 77-2-22 or visit www.aami.org. PREVIEW COPY This is a preview edition .
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Collectively make tawbah to Allāh S so that you may acquire falāḥ [of this world and the Hereafter]. (24:31) The one who repents also becomes the beloved of Allāh S, Âَْ Èِﺑاﻮَّﺘﻟاَّﺐُّ ßُِ çﻪَّٰﻠﻟانَّاِ Verily, Allāh S loves those who are most repenting. (2:22
