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2 0 1 9 S p ri n g - S u m m e rO r n a m e n t a l s T ri a lTo p P e r f o r m e r sBulletin 1231 July 2021

2019 Spring-SummerOrnamentals Trial Top PerformersShaun R. BroderickMississippi State University Truck Crops Branch Experiment StationCrystal Springs, MississippiThis document was approved for publication as Bulletin 1231 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. It was publishedby the Office of Agricultural Communications, a unit of the Mississippi State University Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine.Copyright 2021 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration fornonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.

2019 Spring-SummerOrnamentals Trial Top PerformersABSTRACTAn ornamental trial to evaluate 130 entries was conducted in spring/summer 2019 in central Mississippi.Most of the trial entries were conducted in ground except for 21 entries trialed in 30 cm hanging baskets andfive entries trialed in 40 cm containers. Thirteen entries were trialed in the shade. Additionally, eight entrieswere herbs or vegetables. While most of the entries were annuals, we included 46 perennials in the trial garden.All entries were grown from seed or rooted plugs. Some perennials were supplied in 16 cm container pots asfinished plant material. The hanging basket and container plants were potted up on April 2. The annuals andedible entries were transplanted on May 17 into mounded rows covered in plastic mulch and irrigated withdrip irrigation in a field. The perennial trial was planted during the last week of June into raised boxes. Plantswere rated (1–5, with 1 being the lowest score) based on flower coverage, leaf health, and landscape impact.Each cultivar was rated once every 2 weeks throughout the season. Plants were fertilized, weeded, and sprayedas necessary. While the annuals were not deadheaded, the perennials were as needed. Thirteen cultivars scoredabove a rating of 4 and were top-performing plants for the season.INTRODUCTIONPlant performance is highly influenced by environmental factors. Regional trials provide useful information to commercial producers and plant breeders to aidplant selection of annuals and perennials. Additionally,this trial serves as a resource for horticultural profes-sionals, educators, and home gardeners in Mississippiand surrounding areas in the Southeast. This ornamental trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of a wide variety of bedding and garden plantsin central Mississippi.Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station1

METHODS AND MATERIALSThe ornamental trial of 130 cultivars was conductedat the Truck Crops Branch Experiment Station inCrystal Springs, Mississippi (USDA Zone 8b). Allentries that were supplied from Plants Nouveau,Proven Winners, and Walter’s Gardens were suppliedas rooted plugs. Entries from Ball HorticulturalCompany were supplied as either seeds or rootedplugs, depending on the cultivar. Sowing dates werecultivar specific. Seeds were sown in 72-cell plug traysfilled with soilless media for seedlings (Fafard Germinating Mix, Fafard Inc.). The germination dates werebased on recommended production timelines. Plantsrequiring a longer production were sown in January,while other entries with a short production were sownin March . All plants, except for container and hangingbasket trial entries, were transplanted into 9 cmcontainers filled with soilless growing medium (Fafardno. 3, Fafard Inc.) and grown according to growerrecommendations. Container-trial entries were transplanted from the plug stage directly to 30 cm hangingbaskets or 40 cm containers containing soillessgrowing medium (Fafard no. 3, Fafard Inc.) on April 2.The field was amended with fertilizer based on a soiltest of the field. Trial planting began on May 17, 2019.The annual and edible entries were planted in unreplicated plots. Four to eight plants per cultivar wereplanted in each plot, depending on growth habit, intoTable 1. Rating scale for trial evaluations.ScoreDescription54321Excellent – 90% Good – 75% Fair – 50 Poor – 25% Unacceptable – 25%beds covered with plastic mulch. The perennials wereplanted in 20-cm-tall raised boxes. After planting,perennial beds were mulched with 2–3 inches of pinebark mulch. Irrigation was supplied through drip tapeas needed. No herbicides were applied; weeds werepulled manually. Insecticides/fungicides were appliedsparingly on an as-needed basis.Semimonthly ratings were based on a 1–5 scale, with5 as the best. Criteria for the ratings included flowercoverage, leaf health, and landscape impact. Ratingscorrelated with percentages. For example, a flowercoverage rating of 5 indicates that at least 90% of theplants terminal buds were in flower. A leaf healthrating of 5 would indicate that at least 90% of thefoliage is free of disease symptoms. Ratings were basedon trial criteria per cultivar and not comparisonsbetween cultivars. (Table 1.) Local weather data wascollected during the trial (Figure 1).Figure 1. Local weather data during trial: (A) weekly cumulative rainfall, and (B) average weekly highs (circles) andlows (squares).22019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top Performers

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONMany of the entries performed well. A total of 58entries (43%) received a rating of at least 3, and 14entries received a rating of at least a 4 (10%). Over 22%of the entries received an overall score above 4, and81% of entries received a 3 or more. The topperformers were divided into three categories: annuals(Table 2), baskets/containers (Table 3), edibles (Table4), shade plants (Table 5), and perennials (Table 6). Afull list of plant performance based on the ratingcriteria, is also included (Table 7).Some of the highest scoring sun-loving annuals wereSolenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Witch and WickedHot . Wicked Hot developed flowers by July 19.Wicked Witch produced only one flower spike byAugust 2. Solenstemon with little to no flowering istypically desirable in the landscape and results in betteroverall appearance throughout the season. IpomoeaProven Accents Sweet Caroline Red Hawk alsoscored well throughout the season and was impactedby deer only at the end of the season (Figure 2A-C).Petunia breeding has improved petunia heat tolerance in summer. Additionally, plants are morevigorous and persist into the extreme heat of Mississippi summers. Top petunia cultivars were (in order ofrating) Supertunia Mini Vista Indigo Improved,Supertunia Vista Snowdrift, ColorRush White, andWave Carmine Velour (Figure 2D-G).Other annual plant highlights included Zinnia ZestyScarlet. Their large flowers and disease-resistant foliagewas very attractive. This cultivar received an overallscore of 3.5.Finally, one of the most surprising entries wasHelianthus Suncredible Yellow. Most Helianthussenesce shortly after flowering, but this cultivarcontinued to flower throughout the season. It also hasa highly branched plant architecture that created amounding shape in the landscape (Figure 2H).Four of the top-performing hanging basket andcontainer plants were Colocasias: ‘Dragon HeartGigante’ (Figure 3A), ‘Maximus Gigante’ (Figure 3B),‘Tea Party,’ and ‘Black Sapphire Gecko.’ They established quickly in containers and grew quickly. As theseason progressed, it became apparent they would havebenefited from being transplanted into a largercontainer where the roots would have had more space.Among the hanging basket entries, Scaevola Whirl-wind Blue Improved and Portulaca Mojave RedImproved did extremely well in the trial, receiving anoverall rating of 3.8 and 3.2, respectively (Figure 3C, D).We had several edible entries in the garden this year.Many of them suffered deer damage, but the twoOcimum entries did not. Ocimum ‘Everleaf EmeraldTowers’ and Newton were vigorous and free of leafdiseases throughout the trial. ‘Everleaf EmeraldTowers’ developed fewer flowers later in the seasonthan Newton and had an attractive upright habit(Figure 4A, B).Many of the shade-loving plants also did very well.Solenstemon Heartbreaker earned an overall score of 4.It never grew taller than 12 inches. That may have beendue to the deep shade it was planted in, but they wereuniform, compact and attractive in the landscape.Caladium Painted Frog ‘Poison Dart Frog’ alsoperformed very well but did take extra time to getestablished before new growth was added. Their redand green leaves did not stand out as much as otherCaladiums, but they did produce many leavesthroughout the season (Figure 5A, B).Impatiens are a common shade-loving annual. Theimpatiens that received the highest overall scores wereBeacon Bright Red and Beacon White (Figure 5C,D). Generally, they did not suffer from disease.However, the Beacon series did have poor germination,which may have been related to shipping issues earlierin the season. Also, there were some plants withunusual growth patterns where they developed tallstems, smaller leaves, and fewer flowers (Figure 6).The perennial trial had the highest percentage ofplants with an overall score of 4 or above. One of thecharacteristics of interest in perennials is flowering time.Many of the cultivars had extended floweringthroughout the season. Deadheading was done asneeded, which seemed to stimulate more flowers inmany of the entries. Salvia Unplugged So Blue received an overall score of 4.5 (Figure 7A). While this istypically sold as an annual in cooler climates, it bloomedcontinually throughout the season with large, vivid blueflowers. No disease issues were observed, and it wasnever deadheaded. Salvia Rockin’ Blue Suede Shoes had uneven growth between individual plants. Thereason for this uneven growth is unclear and may be dueto plug production issues during propagation (Figure 8).Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station3

Gaillardia Heat it Up Yellow and Scarlet bothperformed extremely well. They bloomed continuallywithout the need to deadhead (Figure 7B, C). Theplants also grew quickly in a short period of time. Colocasias ‘Dragon Heart Gigante’ (Figure 7D), ‘MaximusGigante’ (Figure 7E), ‘Black Sapphire Gecko,’ and ‘TeaParty’ also performed very well. They grew very quicklyand were attractive in the garden. There was someminor burning of the leaves during the heat of thesummer. It may be ideal to plant them in a locationwith some afternoon shade. The Hibiscus Summerific Evening Rose scored 4 during the trial, exhibitingcontinual bloom. The dark foliage contrasted with thepink flowers (Figure 7F).Lantana typically performs very well in the trialgarden. Lucky Peach and Luscious Goldengate wereno exception. Lucky Peach had a uniform, compacthabit (Figure 7G), while Luscious Goldengate wasmore vigorous and less tidy.Two Verbenas to were entered into the trial: Superbena Sparkling Amethyst Improved and Sparkling Rosé. Sparkling Amethyst Improved scored a rating of4 (Figure 7H). Typically, Verbena struggle during theheat of Mississippi summers but improve as temperatures drop in the fall. This plant thrived throughout theseason. Interestingly, Sparkling Rosé, which belongs tothe same series as Amethyst, received only a score of 2and had many issues despite being planted besideAmethyst.Caryopteris ‘Gold Crest’ had attractive yellow leaveswith contrasting blue flowers in the late summer(September). The leaves did bleach slightly during thehottest part of the summer, but it still continued togrow. We increased irrigation frequency, and it recovered (Figure 7I).Dianthus Rockin’ series also performed well. Eachcultivar in the series bloomed throughout the season,but spent flower stalks were removed to the base of theplant. Rockin’ Purple (Figure 7J), Rockin’ Rose, andRockin’ Pink Magic produced a heavy load of flowers.Lavandula ‘Annet’ started blooming at the end ofAugust. Unlike many lavender cultivars that have beentrialed at this location, it had no diseases during thetrial period and bloomed prolifically (Figure 9).Finally, some plants may have been impacted byproduction or other environmental issues that limitedperformance. The Pentas trial entries were supplied asseed and several months elapsed before they grew to asubstantial plug size, despite being sown in January. Ifthey had been supplied as plugs, they would likely havegrown larger during the trial period and receivedhigher scores.Table 2. Top-performing annuals.RankCultivarCompany12345678910Solenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Witch Solenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Hot Ipomoea Sweet Caroline Red HawkPetunia Supertunia Mini Vista Indigo ImprovedPetunia Supertunia Vista Snowdrift Petunia ColorRush WhitePetunia Wave Carmine VelourZinnia Zesty ScarletAngelonia Serenita WhiteHelianthus Suncredible yellowProven WinnersProven WinnersProven WinnersProven WinnersProven WinnersBall FloraPlantBall Premier LinerBall IngenuityBall Premier LinerProven Winners42019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top PerformersOverall score4.74.34.03.93.93.83.73.53.43.3

ABCDEFGHFigure 2. Top-performing annuals in 2019: (A) Solenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Witch , July 19, overall score 4.7; (B) SolenostemonColorBlaze Wicked Hot , June 28, overall score 4.3; (C) Ipomoea Proven Accents Sweet Caroline Red Hawk , June 28, overall score4; (D) Petunia Supertunia Mini Vista Indigo Improved, June 28, overall score 3.9; (E) Petunia Supertunia Vista Snowdrift, June 28,overall score 3.9; (F) Petunia ColorRush White, June 28, overall score 3.8; (G) Petunia Wave Carmine Velour, June 28, overall score3.7; and (H) Helianthus Suncredible Yellow, June 28, overall score 3.3.Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station5

Table 3. Top-performing baskets and container entries.RankCultivarCompany123456Colocasia ‘Dragon Heart Gigante’Colocasia ‘Maximus Gigante’Scaevola Whirlwind Blue ImprovedColocasia ‘Tea Party’Colocasia ‘Black Sapphire Gecko’Portulaca Mojave Red ImprovedPlants NouveauPlants NouveauProven WinnersPlants NouveauPlants NouveauProven WinnersABOverall score4.03.93.83.63.53.2CFigure 3. Top-performing basket and container entries in 2019: (A) Colocasia‘Dragon Heart Gigante,’ June 14, overall score 4; (B) Colocasia ‘MaximusGigante,’ June 14, overall score 3.9; (C) Scaevola Whirlwind Blue Improved,June 28, overall score 3.8; and (D) Portulaca Mojave Red Improved, July 19,overall score 3.2.D62019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top Performers

Table 4. Top-performing edibles.RankCultivarCompany12Ocimum Everleaf Emerald TowersOcimum NewtonPanAmerican SeedPanAmerican SeedAOverall score4.33.8BFigure 4. Top-performing edibles in 2019: (A) Ocimum ‘Everleaf EmeraldTowers,’ June 14, overall score 4.3; and (B) Ocimum Newton, June 14, overallscore 3.8.Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station7

Table 5. Top-performing shade plants.RankCultivarCompany1234Solenostemon HeartbreakerCaladium Painted Frog ‘Poison Dart Frog’Impatiens Beacon Bright RedImpatiens Beacon WhiteBall FloraPlantPlants NouveauPanAmerican SeedPanAmerican SeedABOverall score4.03.83.23.0CFigure 5. Top-performing shade plants in 2019: (A) Solenostemon Heartbreaker,July 19, overall score 4; (B) Caladium Painted Frog ‘Poison Dart Frog,’ August2, overall score 3.8; (C) Impatiens Beacon Bright Red, August 2, overall score3.2; and (D) Impatiens Beacon White, August 2, overall score 3.DFigure 6. Unusual growth of Impatiens Beacon White.82019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top Performers

Table 6. Top-performing perennials.RankCultivarCompanyOverall score123456789101112131415Salvia Unplugged So Blue Gaillardia Heat it Up YellowColocasia Dragon Heart GiganteColocasia Maximus GiganteHibiscus Summerific Evening RoseLantana Lucky PeachGaillardia Heat It Up ScarletVerbena Superbena Sparkling Amethyst ImprovedCaryopteris Gold CrestDianthus Rockin’ PurpleLantana Lucious Goldengate Colocasia Black Sapphire GeckoColocasia Tea PartyDianthus Rockin’ RoseDianthus Rockin’ Pink MagicProven WinnersProven WinnersPlants NouveauPlants NouveauProven WinnersProven WinnersProven WinnersProven WinnersDarwin PerennialsBall Premier LineProven WinnersPlants NouveauPlants NouveauBall Premier LineBall Premier .73.7Figure 7. Top-performing perennials in 2019: (A) Salvia Unplugged So Blue , September 13, overall score 4.5; (B) Gaillardia Heat It Up Yellow, September 13, overall score 4.2; (C) Gaillardia Heat It Up Scarlet, August 16, overall score4; (D) Colocasia ‘Dragon Heart Gigante,’ September 13, overall score 4.1; (E) Colocasia ‘Maximus Gigante,’ September13, overall score 4; (F) Hibiscus Summerific Evening Rose, September 13, overall score 4 (continued on next page).Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station9

GHIFigure 7 (continued). Top-performing perennials in 2019: (G) Lantana Lucky Peach, September 13, overall score 4; (H) Verbena Superbena Sparkling Amethyst Improved, August 30, overall score 4; (I) Caryopteris ‘Gold Crest,’September 13, overall score 3.9; and (J) Dianthus Rockin’ Purple, August 30,overall score 3.9.JFigure 8. Salvia Rockin’ Blue SuedeShoes had uneven landscapeperformance. The blue and redrectangles highlight plants thatperformed well or poorly, respectively.10Figure 9. Lavandula ‘Annet.’2019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top Performers

Table 7. Average 2019 trial entries and scores.CultivarAchillea Firefly Peach Sky - perennialAchillea Firefly Sunshine - perennialAchillea Milly Rock Red - perennialAchillea Milly Rock Rose - perennialAllium Serendipity - perennialAngelonia Serenita Blue SkyAngelonia Serenita RoseAngelonia Serenita WhiteBidens Campfire Flame - basketBidens Goldilocks Rocks Improved - basketCaladium Painted Frog ‘Poison Dart Frog’ - shadeCaladium Painted Frog ‘Poison Dart Frog’ - shade containerCalibrachoa MiniFamous Neo Deep Orange - basketCalibrachoa MiniFamous Uno Double PlumTastic - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Blackcurrant Punch - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Double Amber - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Double Blue - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Double Orange - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Dreamsicle Improved - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Honeyberry - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Tabletop Blue - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Tabletop Red - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Tabletop White - basketCalibrachoa Superbells Watermelon Punch - basketCapsicum Fire Away Hot and Heavy - vegetableCapsicum Orange Marmalade - vegetableCaryopteris ‘Gold Crest’ - perennialClematis ‘Stand by Me’ - perennialColocasia ‘Black Sapphire Gecko’ - containerColocasia ‘Black Sapphire Gecko’ - perennialColocasia ‘Dragon Heart Gigante’ - containerColocasia ‘Dragon Heart Gigante’ - perennialColocasia ‘Maximus Gigante’ - containerColocasia ‘Maximus Gigante’ - perennialColocasia ‘Tea Party’ - containerColocasia ‘Tea Party’ - perennialCucurbita Lemon Sun - vegetableCuphea HoneybellsDahlia Venti Red WhiteDahlia Venti Royal PurpleDahlia Venti Tequila SunriseDianthus Mountain Frost Red Garnet - perennialDianthus Rockin’ Pink Magic - perennialDianthus Rockin’ Purple - perennialDianthus Rockin’ Red - perennialDianthus Rockin’ Rose - perennialDigitalis Artic Fox Rose - shade perennialEchinacea Sombrero Summer Solstice - perennialEupatorium Euphoria Ruby - perennialEuphorbia Diamond Snow Euphorbia Glamour ImprovedGaillardia Heat it Up Scarlet - perennialGaillardia Heat it Up Yellow - perennialHelianthus Suncredible yellowHeliopsis Tuscan Gold - perennialHeliopsis Tuscan Sun - perennialHeuchera Dolce Wildberry - shade perennialHibiscus Summerific Evening Rose - perennialImpatiens Beacon Bright Red - shadeImpatiens Beacon Coral - shadeImpatiens Beacon Orange - shadeImpatiens Beacon Salmon - shadeImpatiens Beacon Violet Shades - shadeImpatiens Beacon White - shadeImpatiens Rockapulco Orange - shadeImpatiens Super Elfin Orange Bright - nued.Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station11

Table 7 (continued). Average 2019 trial entries and .52.51.92.94.02.02.52.43.02.92.73.52.92.8Impatiens Super Elfin White - shadeIpomoea Proven Accents Sweet Caroline Red Hawk Isotoma Patti’s Pink Lantana Lucky Peach - perennialLantana Luscious Goldengate - perennialLavandula ‘Annet’ - perennialLeucanthemum Madonna - perennialLycopersicum Artemis - vegetableLycopersicum Helix - vegetableLycopersicum Tempting Tomatoes Goodhearted - vegetableNemesia Aromance PinkNemesia Sunsatia Cranberry RedNepeta Blue Prelude - perennialOcimum ‘Everleaf Emerald Towers’ - herbsOcimum Newton - herbsOsteospermum Bright Lights PurpleOsteospermum Bright Lights WhitePenstemon Quartz Red - perennialPentas Lucky Star LipstickPentas Lucky Star White ImprovedPentas Sunstar LavenderPentas Sunstar PinkPentas Sunstar RedPentas Sunstar RosePetunia ColorRush PurplePetunia ColorRush Watermelon RedPetunia ColorRush WhitePetunia Easy Wave Lavender Sky BluePetunia Easy Wave Pink PassionPetunia Easy Wave Red ImprovedPetunia Headliner Dark SaturnPetunia Supertunia Vista Snowdrift Petunia Supertunia Mini Vista Indigo ImprovedPetunia Supertunia Raspberry Rush Petunia Supertunia SharonPetunia Wave Carmine VelourPetunia Wave Misty LilacPetunia Wave PurplePhlox Opening Act Pink-a-Dot - perennialPhlox Opening Act Ultrapink - perennialPortulaca Mojave Red Improved - basketSalvia New Dimension Rose Improved - perennialSalvia New Dimension Blue - perennialSalvia Purple & Bloom - perennialSalvia Rockin’ Blue Suede Shoes - perennialSalvia Salvatore Blue - perennialSalvia Unplugged So Blue - perennialScaevola Whirlwind Blue Improved - basketSedum Prima Angelina - perennialSedum Rock N’ Grow Boogie Woogie - perennialSedum Rock N’ Grow Yellow Brick Road - perennialSolenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Hot Solenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Witch Solenostemon Heartbreaker - shadeSutera Snowstorm Blue - basketSutera Snowstorm Glacier Blue - basketSutera Snowstorm Pink - basketSutera Snowstorm Rose - basketSutera Snowstorm Snow Globe Improved - basketVerbena Superbena Sparkling Amethyst Improved - perennialVerbena Superbena Sparkling Rosé - perennialVeronica Magic Show Purple Illusion - perennialVeronica Moody Blues Mauve Improved - perennialZinnia Zesty FuchsiaZinnia Zesty PinkZinnia Zesty PurpleZinnia Zesty ScarletZinnia Zesty WhiteZinnia Zesty Yellow122019 Spring-Summer Ornamentals Trial Top Performers

REFERENCEHamrick, D. 2003. Ball redbook, crop production, Volume: 2. Batavia: Ball Publishing.Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station13

The mission of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and the College ofAgriculture and Life Sciences is to advance agriculture and natural resources through teaching andlearning, research and discovery, service and engagement which will enhance economic prosperityand environmental stewardship, to build stronger communities and improve the health and well-beingof families, and to serve people of the state, the region and the world.Keith H. Coble, Interim Directorwww.mafes.msstate.eduMention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by theMississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of otherproducts that also may be suitable.Mississippi State University is an equal opportunity institution. Discrimination in university employment, programs, or activities based on race, color, ethnicity, sex, pregnancy, religion,national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, status as a U.S. veteran, or any other status protected by applicable law is prohibited.

full list of plant performance based on the rating criteria, is also included (Table 7). Some of the highest scoring sun-loving annuals were. Solenostemon ColorBlaze Wicked Witch and Wicked. Hot . Wicked Hot developed flowers by July 19. Wicked Witch produced only one flower spike by August 2. Solenstemon with little to no flowering is

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