BLACKSBURG,. - Vtechworks.lib.vt.edu
L"JJ5C.ss-7t J(( 3 'SJfJl'(l(J .I of;I 9'7 C,c,zVirginia 4-H Horse ProjectHorses Are FunNOV 1 0 1978BLACKSBURG,.Extension Division · Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityReprinted August 1976Name Age Club YearAddress CountyName of Club Years in 4-HName of Leader ------------------- Record Book 105/
This project is for all 4-H Club members. Owning or having access to a horse is not a requirement andmembers may enroll for, and complete work on, this project as many times as they wish.GlossaryColt-A young male horse.Farrier-A horseshoer.Filly- A young female horse.Foal-A young horse of either sex, usually under 1 year of age.Gelding-A castrated male horse.Mare- A mature female horse.Stallion-A mature male horse.Tack-Saddles, bridles, or other riding equipment; the act of saddling or bridling a horse.Veterinarian-One who is trained and skilled in treating the diseases and injuries of domestic animals.Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation withthe U.S. Department of Agriculture. W.R. Van Dresser, Dean, Extension Division, Cooperative ExtensionService, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.The Virginia Cooperative Extension Service by law and purpose is dedicated to serve all people on anequal and nondiscriminatory basis.An Equal Opportunity/ Affirmative Action Employer
Horses Are FunPrepared byArden N. Huff, Extension Specialist, Animal ScienceProject Requi rem en tsTo complete this project, you must: participate in the 4-H Club program complete the topics covered in this project book complete nine of the following activities:ActivityGive One Talk or DemonstrationDate CompletedName the Parts of the HorseName the Parts of a SaddleSee a Horse MovieRead a Horse BookRead a Horse MagazineAttend a Horse ShowRide a Horse(Total number of hoursduring club year)Attend a Horse SaleGroom a HorseTack a HorseVisit a Horse FarmVisit with a FarrierVisit with a VeterinarianVisit a Hunt, Race, and/or Trail RideTour a Riding SchoolVisit a Tack ShopVisit with a HorsemanVisit a Feed StoreOthers (List)
Meet the HorseThe horse is a large, athletic animal. Today, man keeps the horse primarily for sport and pleasure. Thehorse is not a pet, but is a useful animal with a combination of speed and endurance that makes himone of the best and noblest of animals. The horse has a long history of partnership with man. It hasbeen used for: Food-Milk, Meat (Our society today does not generally accept this use.) Work-Plowing, Hauling, Cattle Handling Transportation-Riding, Pulling War-Carrying Soldiers, Arms Sport- Racing, Hunting Plea .ure-Riding, Showing Business- Major Agricultural IndustryParts of the HorseNOSTRILBACKMUZZLEUPPER LIPI:, r. .'\POINT OF HIPLOWER LIPBARRELCHESTNUT·/:,
Coat Colors of the Horse(Use a horse book for reference to describe the following coat co.lors.) (You may clip color picturesfrom magazines and attach them to this page.)
Markings of the HorseWhen discussing a specific horse, it may be necessary to distinguish it from others by something lessgeneral than its overall coat color. Usually, any distinctive coloration appears on the face and/or thelegs. Instead of saying simply "the bay," it may be necessary to say "the bay with the star," or "thebay with the stocking forefoot."CoronetHalf PasternStar and SnipPasternAnkleStripeBlazeHalf StockingStockingBaldInsideHeelSpotOutsideHeelBoth HeelsRaceAge Determination of the HorseBy the time a young horse is 16 to 18 months old, it has developed a full set of temporary or milkteeth which are smallish ·and white, with distinct necks. Generally, by the time the horse is 2Yi yearsold, it be gins to lose these teeth and grow permanent ones which are much larger, stronger, anddarker in color. This process is slow, usually spanning the period during which the horse grows from2Yi to 5 years old. It is during this period that age determination of a horse can be most accurate.1 Year3 Years4 Years6 Years5 Years8 Years9 Years10 Years15 Years15 Years
Gaits of the HorseA gait is a manner of walking, running, or moving. The three natural gaits of any horse except theTennessee walking horse are the walk, trot, and canter. The natural gaits of the Tennessee walker arethe walk, the running walk, and the canter. Two other gaits- the slow gait and the rack-are artificialand must be learned by the horse.WalkThe walk is four-beat gait with the feet striking the ground in the following order: right front, leftrear, left front, right rear. The feet should be lifted from the ground and placed down flatfooted.-.,,,., 'If, 1 l \J (.'TrotThe trot is a two-beat gait in which the left front and right rear feet and the right front and left fearfeet strike the ground together. The horse's body remains in perfect balance. The trot should bebalanced and springy.,, .,,-@»,I!, 1 } \.: (i'CanterThe canter is a three-beat gait that should be slow. The canter is actually a restrained gallop in whichthe horse may lead with either of his front feet. The lead foot will be the first to leave and the last tostrike the ground. When a horse leads with his left foot, the feet will strike the ground in the followingorder: Right rear, left rear and right front, left front.,-,t ,' I11 \11.!v,-.I,.,."I\10 ·. :r; 1;. -,,,.-,,I(\)l:@))@)-. .,,,, J'1.i 1.'v@]@))(- \'\; !. -.,,, ,,/;::.\\'j 0 \ l:
Breeds of Horses and Their CharacteristicsAmerican Saddle HorseThis breed produces either three- or five-gaited saddlers for either show or the bridle path. The breedoriginated in Kentucky. The American saddle horse weighs about 1,000 pounds. The preferred colorsof this breed of horse are chestnut or sorrel with white points.ArabianThis breed of horse is used as a parade, stock, or saddle horse. The Arabian is 14 to 15 hands tall andweights 900 to 1,000 pounds.AppaloosaThe Appalossa is used as a parade and stock horse. It is usually about 15 hands tall and weigh between950 and 1, 100 pounds. It has irregular white marking on the rump.HackneyThe Hackney is a heavy harness or carriage horse. It is ·usually over 15 hands tall. The predominatingcolors in this breed are chestnut and bay.MorganThe Morgan is a combination roadster and saddler, or stock horse. It is usually about 15 hands tall andweighs about 1,000 pounds. The predominant colors in this breed are chestnut, brown, bay, and black.PalominoThe palomino is a parade and stock horse. The chief asset of this breed has been the characteristicgolden coat color, although this may occur in other breeds.PintoThe pinto is a. parade and stock horse.Quarter HorseThe Quarter horse is used in quarter racing and as a stock horse. The breed originated in the UnitedStates. The Quarter horse is heavily muscled and has a quite temperament. It is usually about 15 handstall and weighs 1,000 to 1,300 pounds. Dark, conservative colors are preferred in this breed.Standard bredThis breed is used in harness racing-both trotting and pacing- as well as for fine harness or as aroadster. The standardbred is usually 14-2 to 16-2 hands tall and weighs between 850 and 1,300pounds. The predominant colors of this breed are chestnut, brown, and black.Tennessee Walking HorseThis is the plantation walking horse. It is about 15 hands tall and weighs between 1,000 and 1,200pounds. The Tennessee walking horse comes in a wide variety of colors.ThoroughbredThe Thoroughbred is used under saddle-for both flat and steeplechase racing-as well as for hunting,polo, and pleasure purposes. It is 15 to 16 hands tall and weighs 1,000 to 1,200 pounds. It is usuallybay or chestnut with white markings.Breeds o
Star and Snip Stripe Blaze Bald Age Determination of the Horse Inside Heel Spot Outside Heel Both Heels Race By the time a young horse is 16 to 18 months old, it has developed a full set of temporary or milk teeth which are smallish ·and white, with distinct necks. Generally, by the time the horse is 2Yi years
b Howard Feiertag Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Pamplin College Business, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA . tourism related GDP losses may be as high as 5543 billion and inter-national travel arrivals could fall by as much as 75% compared with previous years (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2020). .
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Bruchac, Joseph. A Boy Called Slow. Paperstar. 1994. [ED LIB EASY BRU] Bruchac, Joseph. razy Horse’s Vision. Lee & Low Books. 2000. [ED LIB EASY BRU] Bruchac, Joseph. Many Nations. BridgeWater. 1997. [ED LIB EASY BRU] Bruchac, Joseph. Raccoon’s Last Race. Dial Books for Young Readers. 2004. [ED LIB EASY BRU] Bruchac, Joseph. Squanto’s .
Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA (e-mail: kstanton@vt.edu). Jih-Sheng (Jason) Lai is a professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA (e-mail: laijs@vt.edu). A great number of fuel cell models exist, and for many different types of simulation software.
Chandrika Prasad Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Virginia The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research, as authorized under the Water Resources Act of 19
2014. Seed cotton in the central 16 rows of each plot from the 20 plots under study was weighed using a load cell-equipped boll buggy for yield estimation. Seed cotton sam-ples were collected from each studied plot and ginned at the USDA-ARS Cotton Ginning Research Unit at Stoneville, Mississippi. The
The net deflection of the system due to these factors (and others) must then be predicted. After the continuity connection is made, any deflections in the system will cause rotations over the supports which cause the development of restraint moments and shears in the ends of the girders at the connection because the system is now indeterminate.
accounting purposes, and are rarely designed to have a voting equity class possessing the power to direct the activities of the entity, they are generally VIEs. The investments or other interests that will absorb portions of a VIE’s expected losses or receive portions of its expected residual returns are called variable interests. In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board .
