Missouri Conservationist October 2021 - Mdc.mo.gov

NatureLABby BonnieChasteenEach month, we highlight researchMDC uses to improve fish, forest,and wildlife management.ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENTMOFEP and IPTMOFEP and IPTat a GlanceIntegrated planning tool Identify management units Simulate management stategiesand assess outcomes Develop management plan ID and evaluate indicators Set baselines, thresholds, and targets Develop monitoring program and plan4 Missouri Conservationist October 2021Previous MOFEP Coordinator Randy Jensen measures the diameter at breastheight (DBH) of an overstory tree.MissouriOzark ForestEcosystemProject helpsdevelop newintegratedplanningtoolCurrent RiverHills COAArea. Covering more than 1 million acres of mostlypublic land, this landscape allows the team to simulate management effects on such values as wildlife populations, recreational opportunities, forestproducts, natural climate solutions, and invasivespecies and diseases.So far, the team has “calibrated the forest landscape model, which can now be used to predict howforests will respond to different management andclimate scenarios,” Graham said.“This is the first phase of a multi-phase project,”he said. During the next phase, the team will integrate the conservation and optimization modelsinto the tool’s framework and will work with managers to test it in the pilot landscape.ShannonMahan’s Creekpriority geographyReynoldsMDCL-A-D FoundationNational Park ServiceNature ConservancyCarterLearn more at research.mdc.mo.gov/project/MOFEPDAVID STONNERMissouri’s forests are complex ecosystems thatprovide many benefits. They also face many threats— climate change, invasive species, and habitat loss,to name a few. These threats, combined with competing values and objectives, make managing forests anever-increasing challenge.Since 1991, the Missouri Ozark Forest EcosystemProject (MOFEP) has been studying ecosystem functions and threats with an eye to testing managementpractices that will sustain forests far into the future.To help managers optimize limited resourcesand balance diverse conservation objectives, MDCResearch Forester Brad Graham is helping a team ofresearchers develop a new integrated planning tool(IPT) using 30 years’ worth of MOFEP field data.“The IPT combines simulated outputs from a forestlandscape model known as LANDIS PRO with conservation- and planning-optimization models,” Grahamsaid. “The combined power of the integrated modelswill allow management teams to predict outcomeswith greater precision and confidence,” he said.Currently in the pilot phase, the IPT project focuseson the Current River Hills Conservation Opportunity

News and updates from MDCJOIN USFOR POOSEYCONSERVATIONAREA FALLTOURJIM RATHERTTHE 35TH ANNUALDRIVING TOUR ISSUNDAY, OCT. 17, FROMNOON TO 4 P.M.In Brief Enjoy autumn color as you drive slowly through Poosey ConservationArea’s (CA) winding gravel roads of scenic forests and woodlands. Visitorswill receive a tour brochure at the entrance. Nature interpretive stops will beplaced along the route, and a portable sawmill will be cutting lumber fromlogs at a demonstration site.This popular event allows people to ride or drive on area service roads thatare normally closed to public vehicle traffic. The tour traverses shallow creeksand rugged terrain with some steep climbs and descents, so a vehicle with highclearance is recommended.The tour begins at Pike’s Lake off Route W and County Road 502. Gatesopen at noon, and the last vehicle will be allowed to begin at 4 p.m.MDC requests that visitors observe COVID-19 precautions such as physicaldistancing when exiting vehicles to view exhibits or when hiking near others,such as at the trail to the limestone outcropping called the Panther’s Den.Poosey CA is located in Livingston County 6 miles southeast of Jamesport,9 miles northeast of Lock Springs, 12 miles southwest of Trenton, and 13 milesnorthwest of Chillicothe.For tour information, contact MDC Resource Forester SamanthaAnderson at 660-646-6122. Get maps and information about Poosey CA atshort.mdc.mo.gov/ZSS. For other fall color tour opportunities, check out thefall color forecast at mdc.mo.gov/fallcolor.mdc.mo.gov 5

Ask MDCGot a Question for Ask MDC?Send it to AskMDC@mdc.mo.govor call 573-522-4115, ext. 3848.Q: I have an American toadnear my home. He seems to liveunder my deck when it is warm.What does he do to survive thewinter? Could I house him in aterrarium and feed him insects?h When cold weather comes,deer’s right antler is commonlyreferred to as “palmation.” Althoughpalmation is typically a genetictrait passed to offspring, it also canbe caused by injury. Palmation isrelatively rare but can be found insome populations of white-taileddeer with this recessive trait.However, it’s possible this antlerformation may be due to a previousinjury and not genetics.“Genetic abnormalities typicallyoccur in both antlers instead ofhaving one typical antler and oneatypical,” MDC Deer Biologist KevynWiskirchen explained. “For thatreason, I’m inclined to think this isa result of injury to the body of thedeer or to the antler itself while it wasgrowing during the summer. In eithercase, injury can disrupt blood flowto growing antlers, causing a wholehost of abnormal growth patterns.”For more information, visitshort.mdc.mo.gov/Z9E.6 Missouri Conservationist October 2021Walking sticksDEER ANTLER: KIM MOORE; AMERICAN TOADS, WALKINGSTICK: JIM RATHERTQ: What caused this unusualantler formation?h The unusual formation on thismost American toads (Anaxyrusamericanus) dig backwards and bury themselvesin the dirt below the frostline of their summerAmerican toadhomes. With no ability to tolerate frigidtemperatures, overwintering usually begins in October.Found statewide, these toads tolerate humans well and are commonin gardens, fields, and lawns. During the day, they hide under rockswhere there is loose, moist dirt or burrow into depressions where deadleaves have accumulated. Toads have knobs on their back feet that theyuse to shove dirt aside. With a few firm kicks of their hind legs and bywriggling their torsos, they carefully scooch themselves into loose soil.There’s no need to keep one as a pet; they live several yearsin the same location. You’ll probably see the toad again in thespring. For more information, visit short.mdc.mo.gov/Z9a.

Northern walkingstickQ: Last October whilebackpacking along theOzark Trail through theSt. Francois Mountains,we were overwhelmedby a swarming number ofwalkingstick insects. Whywere their numbers so high?h “We have this happen inMissouri every now and then— maybe every few years —somewhere in the state,” saidMDC Forest Entomologist RobbieDoerhoff.Walkingsticks are like any otherinsect population: They go throughcycles of high and low numbers,influenced by weather, predators,WhatIS it?Can youguess thismonth’snaturalwonder?The answer is onPage 9.parasites, and food sources.Since many insects, includingwalkingsticks, reach maturity in thelate summer and fall, they becomemore noticeable around that time.It’s not uncommon to see highpopulations in locations wheresuitable habitat is plentiful.All walkingsticks are herbivores.They use their strong mandiblesto consume leaves, the primaryfood in their diet. Walkingstickscan cause noticeable defoliationon trees and forests during yearsof population explosions. However,since the defoliation occurs late inthe season, it usually isn’t a concernfor tree health.Jacob PlunkettWAYNE COUNTYCONSERVATION AGENToffers this month’sAGENTADVICEDon’t store your kayaksand canoes just yet. Fallis a great time to discoveran Ozark stream. Thetemperatures are great, thefall foliage is beautiful, andthe smallmouth fishingis exceptional. Before youhead out, pack a life jacketfor each person. Grab abag for all your litter. Ifyou’re packing a cooler,leave the glass containersat home. Secure the coolerto your vessel in caseyou flip. Carry a dry bagwith a complete changeof clothes in case you getwet, and the temperaturesdrop. If you’re fishing,purchase the properpermits and understandthe pertinent regulations.For more information, visitshort.mdc.mo.gov/Z9n.mdc.mo.gov 7

In BriefINVASIVESPECIES MISSOURI’S LEAST WANTEDInvasive nonnative species destroy habitat and compete with native plants and animals. Please do whatyou can to control invasive species when you landscape, farm, hunt, fish, camp, or explore nature.WintercreeperFirst introduced from China in 1907as an ornamental ground-cover plant,wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) isan aggressive perennial woody vine. Itclimbs rocks and trees, reaching heightsof 40 to 70 feet. Birds, small mammals,and water disperse wintercreeper seeds.Why It’s BadDue to wintercreeper’s aggressiveness,it can form a dense ground cover thatreduces or eliminates native species inwoodlands and forests. As it outcompetesnative plants for space and sunlight, it alsohinders them by depleting nutrients andmoisture in the soil. The dense groundcover can also restrict tree seedlingestablishment. Climbing wintercreeper cansmother and kill shrubs and small trees.How to Control ItSmall areas of wintercreeperPull individual vines by the rootsand remove. This method requiresthat the entire plant, includingall roots, runners, and seeds, beremoved or resprouting will occur.Mature stands of wintercreeperCut vines by hand and spray each cutstem with 25 percent glyphosate ortriclopyr solution. Cut stump treatmentis best applied after the last killingfrost and prior to spring wildfloweremergence to prevent harm to non-targetspecies. Cutting without the applicationof herbicides is not recommendedbecause this will lead to root sprouting.s and replaces ourWintercreeper quickly smotherand habitat for wildlife.foodideprovthattsplanvenatiAlternative Native Plants Cross vineTrumpet vineAmerican strawberry bushCreeping mahoniaFor more information on wintercreeper and control, visit short.mdc.mo.gov/Zjj.8 Missouri Conservationist October 2021

CONSERVATION COMMISSION GIVESINITIAL APPROVAL TO FISHING, BICYCLEUSE REGULATIONSThe Missouri Conservation Commission gave initialapproval during its Aug. 27 open meeting to several proposed regulations related to fishing and the use of bicycleson MDC conservation areas.MDC invites public comments during October onlineat short.mdc.mo.gov/Z49. Comments received will beconsidered and final proposals will go to the commissionfor further action at its Dec. 10 meeting.MDC hasproposedregulations thatwould allowthe expandeduse of bicyclesand electricbicycles on mostdepartment-areaservice roads andmulti-use trails.Minimum Length Catfish on Mark Twain LakeWINTERCREEPER MAIN, INSET OF VINE: RYAN ARMBRUST, KANSAS FOREST SERVICE, BUGWOOD.ORG; WINTERCREEPER FLOWERS: ANSEL OOMMEN,BUGWOOD.ORG; WINTERCREEPER BERRIES: JIM RATHERT; EASTERN GARTERSNAKE: NOPPADOL PAOTHONG; BIKING: DAVID STONNERThe proposed regulation sets a minimum length limit of 26inches for blue catfish and flathead catfish on Mark TwainLake but will not apply to channel catfish.Under the regulation amendment, blue catfish and flathead catfish caught from Mark Twain Lake that are lessthan 26 inches in length must be returned to the waterunharmed immediately after being caught. There is a current daily limit on Mark Twain Lake of five blue catfish andfive flathead catfish with no size limit.A minimum length limit could improve catfish numbers in Mark Twain by increasing the abundance of preferred sized catfish (30-inch) and memorable sized catfish(35-inch) with minimal or no reductions in the yield, orpounds harvested by anglers.Expanding Bicycle Use on Conservation AreasThe proposed regulation changes would allow the expanded use of bicycles and electricbicycles on most department area service roads and multi-use trails. The commission alsogave initial approval to MDC definitions of bicycles and electric bicycles.Bicycle use on MDC’s approximately 1,100 conservation areas is currently restrictedto roads open to public vehicle traffic and some multi-use trails. Bicycle use is currentlynot allowed on conservation area service roads.The regulation change will affect approximately 300 MDC areas. Approximately 30of these areas will be closed to bicycle and electric bicycle use during all portions of thefirearms deer hunting season and the spring turkey hunting seasons.Exceptions would also include service roads used by staff at fish hatcheries and otherheavily used MDC areas or where bicycle use could damage sensitive habitats, such asdesignated natural areas.continued on Page 10 »WHAT IS IT?RED-SIDED EASTERNGARTERSNAKEThe red-sided easterngartersnake, a subspeciesof the eastern gartersnake,varies in color — fromblackish, dark brown,greenish, or olive — and itsback scales are keeled. Theylive in a variety of habitats,but favor areas near water,such as ponds, marshes, orswamps and damp woods orforested areas along creeksand rivers. Gartersnakesare active through earlyNovember but may stayactive during a mild winter.mdc.mo.gov 9

In BriefPROPOSED REGULATION CHANGES(continued from Page 9)Changes at Lost Valley HatcheryThe proposed regulation permits free fishing at Lost Valley Fish Hatchery,near Warsaw, by reservation for educational and other organized groups.Currently, Lost Valley Fish Hatchery offers catch-and-release fishing for kids ages 15 and under from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday throughSaturday from March through November on designated waters. Due tostaffing limitations, it was necessary to change fishing at the hatcheryto by reservation only for educational and other organized groups, suchas school classes.Learn more about Lost Valley Fish Hatchery online at short.mdc.mo.gov/Z9X.Changes to Fishing, Paddlefish RegulationsThe proposed regulation changes update the Wildlife Code of Missouriconcerning paddlefish, snagging, and commercial fishing.STATEWIDE MINIMUM LENGTHA proposed regulation amendment establishes a statewide minimumlength limit of 32 inches for sport/recreational taking of paddlefish, upfrom the current minimum length of 24 inches for most areas of the state.The existing minimum length limit of 34 inches will remain in effect forLake of the Ozarks, Table Rock Lake, Truman Lake, and their tributaries.All paddlefish under the legal minimum length must be returned to thewater unharmed immediately after being caught.Paddlefish can grow to a length of 7 feet and weigh more than 100pounds. The increased length limit will allow female paddlefish to reachsexual maturity before being harvested. This will help make paddlefishwaters more sustainable for natural reproduction and result in larger fishavailable for harvest.15 MORE DAYS ADDED TO SEASONAnother proposed regulation amendment adds 15 days to the fall/wintersnagging, snaring, or grabbing season for taking fish — except paddlefish— by extending the season end from Jan. 31 to Feb. 15. It also prohibitssnagging for all species of fish on Table Rock Lake after taking the dailylimit of two paddlefish.10 Missouri Conservationist October 2021Learn more about paddlefish and related fishing regulationsonline at short.mdc.mo.gov/Z9B.The paddlefish snagging season for the state’s major paddlefish snagging waters — Lake of the Ozarks, Truman Lake, and Table Rock Lake— and most other waters in the state remains March 15 through April30. The paddlefish season for the Mississippi River remains March 15through May 15 with a fall season of Sept. 15 through Dec. 15.The proposed amendment extending the fall snagging, snaring, orgrabbing season provides additional opportunities for anglers. It alsoaligns the snagging, snaring, or grabbing season with the season allowing some fish to be taken by gig or atlatl.COMMERCIAL FISHING SEASONA proposed amendment establishes a commercial paddlefish fishingseason of Nov. 1 through April 15 on the Mississippi River to limit thecommercial harvest of paddlefish only during cooler water temperatures.It also sets a minimum length limit of 32 inches for taking paddlefish onthe Mississippi River.The primary justification for the season is to prevent paddlefish mortality. Paddlefish captured in nets during warm-water temperatures (lateApril through October) are more likely to perish, causing the waste of fishthat would have otherwise been harvested and the unnecessary death ofpaddlefish under the legal length. Establishing a paddlefish commercialseason will also better align Missouri regulations with those of otherstates along the Mississippi River.To read these proposed regulations in their entirety, visitshort.mdc.mo.gov/Z49.PADDLEFISH: DAVID STONNERSNAGGING DEFINITIONA proposed regulation change establishes a definition of snagging, whichis currently undefined in the Code. Snagging is a popular method fortaking fish, such as paddlefish, that do not go after baited hooks becausethey “filter feed” on tiny crustaceans and insects by swimming throughthe water with their large mouths open. Snagging uses a heavy-dutyfishing pole with a large, three-pronged hook on a line to snag a fishalong its body as it swims.With the change, snagging would be defined in the Code as: “Hooking or attempting to hook a fish in a part of the body other than the mouthor jaw by means of a pole, line, and hook. Snagging is characterized bya repeated drawing or jerking motion of the pole, line, and hook or bytrolling with an unbaited hook rather than enticement by bait or lure.”

Holdingthe LineAgainstCWDLIMITING CHRONIC WASTINGDISEASE IN MISSOURI DEERby Bill GrahamChronic wasting disease (CWD),a fatal illness for white-tailed deer, continuesto linger in pockets in Missouri and appearin new places. But detected cases remainlimited. An epic nine-year effort by MDCstaff, hunters, landowners, taxidermists,locker plants, and other partners hasslowed CWD’s spread and kept the state’soverall deer herd healthy. The disease hasbeen detected in only 18 of the state’s114 counties, and CWD case numbers arelimited in counties with detections.CWD management helps keepthe state’s deer herd healthy.PHOTOGRAPH BYDAVID STONNERmdc.mo.gov 11

Missouri’s campaign against CWDwill continue this fall through the deerhunting seasons and the late winter of2022. Fortunately, there is evidencethat MDC’s extensive testing to detectthe disease before it is widely established, and reducing deer numbers inan infected area, will keep the state’soverall deer herd healthy for wildlifewatching and hunting.“When you compare our deer herdto other states where CWD is widelyestablished, most of our deer are not yetaffected by the disease,” said JasmineBatten, MDC wildlife health programsupervisor. “But we certainly need tocontinue to effectively manage CWDbecause we’re not out of the woods yet.”RESEARCH BRINGSNEW HOPES“We’re determinedto protect Missouri’swhite-tailed deerfor wildlife watchersand hunters, both fortoday and the future.”— Sara Parker Pauley,MDC Director12 Missouri Conservationist October 2021“We’re determined to protectMissouri’s white-tailed deer for wildlifewatchers and hunters, both for todayand the future,” said MDC Director SaraParker Pauley. “Healthy deer signifyhealthy ecosystems, and deer huntingis important to families for food andfamily traditions.”Conservation brought Missouri’sdeer herd back from the brink of extinction starting in the 1930s. Today, deerhunting contributes 1 billion annuallyto the state’s economy and deer arepart of what makes wild Missouri valuable to tourism.Yet, CWD remains a long-term threatto white-tailed deer. The transmissiblebrain-degenerative disease is caused bymisshapen cell proteins called prionsand is fatal to cervids, such as deerand elk. Scientists have learned a lotin the 40 years since CWD was firstdiscovered in wild deer in Colorado;however, there are many mysteries yetto unravel. Researchers are workingto discover better ways to prevent,detect, and control the disease, a taskdifficult because it involves free-roamingwild animals. MDC is contributing tothat research.CWD management will be a long-termprocess, but biologists and scientistsare hopeful that new developments andanalysis of gathered data can help.“We’re evaluating our data from thelast nine years,” Batten said. “We’reasking how effective our methods havebeen, especially post-season targetedculling, to see if there are things wecould or should be doing differentlygoing forward.”One of the biggest challenges to CWDresearch has been lim

Dressed in khaki trousers, a nicely pressed shirt, and sometimes with his clip-on tie affixed to his collar, my grand-father would wade into his favorite Ozark streams in his full Sunday attire, as if he were engaging in a baptism of sorts. He didn’t own a pair of jeans and the sportswear of today was nonexistent in his rural Missouri hometown.