HEALTHANDSAFETY ADVICEFOR PLANTOPERATORS
HEALTH AND SAFETYADVICE FORPLANT OPERATORS
Where there are unsafe acts illustrated in the photographs - the scenarios werere-created for illustration purposes and no one was put at risk at any time.
ContentsIntroduction4Plant Operator6Health and Safety Law7Health and Safety On Site10Health and Safety Training11Supervisors and Managers14Training of Plant Operators19Planning21Review and Monitoring22Site Conditions22Unauthorised use of plant23Visibility24Maintenance and Inspection28Overhead power lines35Lorry Loaders (HIAB)36Passengers on Mobile Machinery37Forward Tipping Dumper (Site Dumper)38Roll Over Protective Structures (ROPS)41Selection of Attachments42Plant Operator Frequently Asked Questions.46Cranes48Skip Handler52Low Loaders571
360 Excavators (Diggers)60180 Backhoe Loaders (Digger Loader)66Loading Shovels67Skid Steer Loaders68Trenchers70Graders71Bulldozers (Crawler tractors)72Scrapers73Mobile Elevated Working Platforms (MEWP)75Forklift Trucks78Telescopic Handler78Working platforms on Forklift Trucks84Dump Trucks86Demolition Machines87Piling Rigs89Concrete Pumps91Slinging and Load Handling93Machine Recovery94Road Building plant and equipment96Crushers and Screeners100Drilling Equipment102General Health & Safety103Health, Hygiene and Welfare Facilities103Chemicals / Dermatitis1042
Work Related Asthma106Dust and Flying Particles107Asbestos108Manual Handling109Power and Hand Tools111Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome (Havs)112Noise114Electricity115Struck or Crushed By Moving Vehicles on Site117Sun Exposure118Working at Heights119Access Equipment & Working Platforms120Step Ladders121Tower Scaffolds123Safety Critical Work125Safety in Confined Spaces129Safety in and Working Around Excavations131Personal Protective Equipment135Fire136First Aid137CITB-ConstructionSkills NI1383
This booklet is part of a range that have beenproduced by CITB-ConstructionSkills NI to provideadvice and guidance on Health and Safety &training issues relating to persons working in theINTRODUCTIONConstruction Industry such as Bricklayers, Joiners,Roofers, Plasterers, Painters & Decorators,Construction Operatives, Scaffolders, and InsulationInstallers, with the aim of helping to eliminate and reducethe risk of, accidents, injury and ill-health.The booklets are in an easy to use pocket-size format and will be agood reference point to both existing and new entrants working in theindustry and will also provide advice to supervisors, managers anddirectors to help improve health and safety performance on site.As there is a wide and ever increasing variety of mechanical plant andequipment in use in the construction Industry, all operators must becompetent to perform their duties.Manufacturers and suppliers of mechanical Plant and equipment have aduty under Health and Safety Legislation to provide information on anyhazards associated with their products and advise on their safe use.Users should ensure they are in possession of this information, andmake certain that the drivers and operators are instructed accordingly.Employers should establish a procedure designed to ensure that onlyauthorised drivers and operators use their plant and equipment. It isrecommended that drivers and operators should he issued withCertificates of Authorisation by their employers.Drivers should be in possession of an appropriate driving licence ifmachines are operated or driven on the public highway, e.g. Group Hfor track laying vehicles and group G for Road Rollers.Unless proper provision has been made to carry passengers on amachine, or on any trailer being towed, the driver must be instructednot to carry passengers. Drivers must be aware that mobile plantshould be parked on firm, level ground when unattended, with the4
engine stopped, brakes on, and any load or attachment lowered tothe ground.Some health and safety risks you may face on site include: Exposure to electricity. Overhead and underground cables Falls from height Proximity to flammable or combustible materials Climbing steps and working platforms Risk of vehicle overturning Risk of eye injury from flying particles and dust. Cancer risk from Exposure to asbestos Slips trips and falls due to untidy work area Manual handling activities Using various types of machineryand tools. Moulds, fungi and bacteria. Dermatitis Cuts and abrasions Struck my machinery Loss of fingers/limbs Risk of pain or injury fromperforming repetitive tasks. Exposure to noise Struck by falling objects Vibration white finger Hand and foot injury Sun exposureWorking in the construction industry is both rewarding andsatisfying but as the above list shows you could be exposed to variousrisks if the correct safe methods of work as described in this bookletare not followed.Think about the various Health & Safety risks that could be found onyour site, speak to your supervisor or person/s in charge about ways ofeliminating or reducing those risks and stay healthy and safe.5
As a construction plant operator, you provide avaluable service to the construction industry.You can be working on all types of constructionPLANTprojects, including housing, factories, offices,OPERATORroads, bridges, airports and many others. As aplant operator you could be operating one type ofmachine or a variety of machines during your lifetimesuch as earthmoving, lifting, processing, access and roadconstruction equipment.The following list gives a flavor of the potential diverse tasks you couldbe involved in. Prepare building sites Digging shallow holes and trenches Digging Foundations Loading dumpers and trucks Stock pilling materials Demolition of buildings Lifting steel work and other products Lifting and placing pallets and mortar tubs Lifting roof trusses Clearing ground and levelling Cut and fill work Compaction of materials Laying of materials Transporting equipment Slinging loads Crushing and screening materials Accessing work at height Using hand and power toolsAs stated your role provides a valuable service to the constructionindustry but in order to sustain this valuable service you will need tohave received adequate training specific to your work to ensure thatyou work safely and without risk to yourself and others, training alsokeeps you up to date with current Health & Safety to ensure you followproper recognised procedures on site.6
Your health, safety and welfare at work are protectedby law, your employer has a duty to protect youand keep you informed about health and safetyHEALTH ANDand provide adequate information, instruction,SAFETY LAWtraining and supervision to enable you to carry outyour work in a safe manner.You have legal duties too as follows. Take reasonable care for your own health and safety and of otherswho may be affected by your work such as other workers ormembers of the public Comply with instructions or control measures such as the wearing ofpersonal protective equipment. Co-operate with your employer on health and safety and trainingrequirements. Correctly use and report any defects on work equipment providedby your employer this could be machinery, tools or personalprotective equipment Do not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your health,safety or welfare.Self-employed persons also have duties under the law in relation totheir own Health and Safety and ensure that their work does not putothers at risk.If you think there is a health and safety problem on your site you shouldfirst discuss it with your supervisor, H & S adviser or person in charge.Legal Requirements in relation to PlantSeveral pieces of legislation apply when it comes to the use of plant,and employers and operators need to be aware of the relevantlegislation from the following:7
Health and Safety at Work NI OrderThe Health and Safety at Work Order places duties on everyone, andstates that Information, Instruction, Training and Supervision must beprovided.Provision and Use of Work Equipment RegulationsThe Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) coverthe selection, maintenance, general use and training aspects of all workequipment.The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment RegulationsThe Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) dealwith the actual lifting operation being carried out as opposed to theselection etc. of the equipmentWork at Height RegulationsThese Regulations require all work at height to be properly planned andorganised and the risks controlled. This includes the selection and useof appropriate work equipment for work at height. The Regulationsmaintain existing standards with regard to the control of work at heightand reiterate the provisions of PUWER and LOLER.The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations(Northern Ireland) CDMThe updated CDM regulations place a responsibility on everyoneinvolved in the construction process, everyone needs to know aboutthese regulations and that includes you.Workers: roles and responsibilitiesAll those who work in the construction industry have their part to playlooking after their own health and safety and in improving the industry’shealth and safety record.8
Those with legal duties are commonly known as ‘duty-holders’.Duty-holders under CDM are:Clients, CDM Co-Ordinators, Designers, Principal (main) Contractor,Contractors and Workers. Ensure you only carry out construction work if you are competent Report any defect that you think may endanger the health and safetyof yourself, other persons or members of the public. Co-operate with others and co-ordinate work so as to ensure yourown health and safety and others who may be affected by the work. Follow site health and safety rules and proceduresContractors: roles and responsibilitiesOn all projects contractors will need to: Plan, manage and monitor their work and that of workersCheck the competence of all their appointees and workersTrain their own employeesProvide information to their workersEnsure all workers have site inductions and any further informationand training needed for the work Ensure that there are adequate welfare facilities for their workersThe CDM regs are supported by an Approved Code of Practice (ACoP).9
A number of initiatives have been launched topromote and improve good practice and byreducing accidents and ill health such asHEALTH ANDSAFETY ON SITE BuildHealth.BuildHealth was launched to improve the health ofconstruction workers in Northern Ireland by:preventing work related ill health: supporting andrehabilitating ill workers and using the workplace as a setting in whichto improve health.You have a part to play in this process by working safely, stayinghealthy, preventing injury to yourself and others and not beingcomplacent.Always inspect equipment that you have been given and report anydefects, if you see any defects in scaffolding, ladders and mobiletowers this could cause serious injury or death, report immediately, onlyrepair if authorized to do so by your employer or person in charge, andonly if trained and competent.If an accident should happen it must be reported to your supervisor,manager or a responsible person and a record should be kept, mostemployers have a no-blame-culture, and encourage reporting of anyproblems that you see that could prevent an accident from happeningin the first place or its reoccurrence.Information gained from reported accidents can be used to improvehealth and safety on site. Remember accidents are preventable, byfollowing safe systems of work you can help to improve the standardsof Health and Safety on your site.10
HEALTH ANDSAFETYTRAINING The following is a list of possible training that youmay need depending on your specific area of work.The list is not exhaustive or definitive. Induction training Tool box talks Plant safety awareness Plant operator trainingTraining on specific equipmentAttachment trainingTraining on machinery carriers - low-loadersWorking at HeightsLaddersFall ArrestExcavationsPower & Hand ToolsSafe use of Abrasive WheelsFitting Abrasive WheelsConfined SpacesGoods hoistCable Avoidance ToolAluminium Mobile TowersHarnessSpecific manufacture type trainingHealth and Hygiene preventing dermatitisManual handling - lifting and handlingmanual loadsDumper/compressorSlinger/bankspersonCrane awarenessFire preventionStreet worksFirst aidFire extinguishersDefensive drivingRefresher trainingConversion trainingFamiliarization training11
CITB-ConstructionSkills Northern Ireland encourages the adequatetraining of all those working in the Northern Ireland constructionindustry and support the industry to qualify their workforce to nationalstandards and to enrol with appropriate Industry Registration Schemes.Training is not a one off event that is refreshed every 4 or 5 years, but itis a requirement that all persons receive training where necessary inorder to do their job safely and to a continuing competent standard.As more and more construction contracts demand a qualifiedworkforce you should look at gaining an NVQ qualification as this willshow that you have been assessed as competent.Having a recognised registration card is a good starting point inshowing proof of health and safety training but as stated more specifictraining will be required.Adequate training can help prevent accidents and ill-health and makefor a more motivated and productive workforce, ensure that you havereceived adequate training required to do your job safely and efficiently.It is a misconception by some companies to assume that allexperienced plant operators are fully qualified in using the various toolsand equipment. Some were trained a number of years ago, even thenvery little or no training was provided. Refresher training, tool box talksand other manufacturer type instruction on the different attachmentsand products is a must to ensure an adequate standard is maintained.All construction personnel should adopt the principles and practicesstated in this document, where reasonably practicable. This booklet isintended as a good practice health and safety guide and should besupported by relevant training and the HSENI publications.CITB-ConstructionSkillsNI provides an on-siteMobile Training Unit thatvisits sites on a daily12
basis and provides H&S and other training courses such as abrasivewheels, cartridge tools and slinging courses.CITB-ConstructionSkills NI also publish a Training Directory of grantassisted courses delivered by a network of external training providers,you can view the Training Directory on the CITB websitewww.citbcsni.org.uk.SOME EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENTSExample 1A 50 year old man was working in a fencedup area outside a dwelling. He wasoperating an excavator, which had anumber of buckets stored on the front ofthe machine. As he raised the front bucketsover the fence, so that they were hanging inmid air over a pavement. He moved the wrong lever, which then causedthe buckets to fall on the pavement and killed an 81 year old man.Example 2A married man with three children died as a result of a trench he wasworking in collapsed, a dumper was filling gravel into the trench at thetime of the collapse, and the excavator driver had to support the dumperwith his bucket to prevent it from following in as the ground gave way.Example 3A 20 year old man died as a result of falling 5 metres from a ladder thathe was using to attach a sling to a water tank, the ladder slipped as itwas not tied or footed.Example 4A ground worker was struck by a dump truck and seriously injured as hewas talking on his mobile phone; other workers tried in vain to signal tohim but could not prevent the accident.Example 5A construction worker suffered injury when he was struck by a slewingexcavator on site; he needed hospital treatment for broken ribs.13
This section is also for plant operators but it isessential that your supervisor or manager alsoSUPERVISORSread’s this section as it may prevent an accident toANDyou or someone working on site.MANAGERSThe safe operation of contractor’s plant starts withsite management. The decision to buy or provide aspecific machine may well have been made as a corporatedecision, or the equipment hired in, but it is the site management whoare ultimately responsible for it being put into use. The sitemanagement must therefore ensure that the operation to be carried outhas been effectively planned taking into consideration all the safetyissues which can arise.To ensure that unsafe acts are minimised it is essential that supervisionis effective. The supervisor therefore needs to: Check that the Method Statement is being worked to;Check that the method is as safe as possible;Check that people are kept clear of hazardous areas;Check that machines are being used correctly;Check that tasks are only carried out by authorised people;Challenge unsafe practicesRecord and arrange for the repair of any damage they see or havereported to them Have the authority and ability to stop a task if they feel it is unsafe Report and record unsafe behaviour (including near misses).Supervisor responsibilitiesAs an on-going process and following significant changes on site or tothe task it is the supervisor’s responsibility to re-brief the operator andothers on the task and ensure they are put to work safely. Thesupervisor should take this opportunity to; Reinforce the key elements of the safe system of work including: Use of designated traffic routes;14
Strict adherence to exclusion zones; Travelling and lifting on slopes;The correct safe methods when fitting/removing attachments with thequick hitchConsult the operator and others regarding any issues/comments theyhave in adhering to or the effectiveness of the safe system of work, andwhere appropriate instigate changes. Check that the operator has undertaken the relevant daily checks Check the required maintenance has been undertaken Inspection/maintenance log/check sheet has been completed andsigned.The supervisor’s signature on the check list/log may be used asverification that they have carried out the check. As part of thesupervisor’s on-going duties, they must throughout the day monitor thatthe safe system of work is being adhered to including, maintenance ofexclusion zones, and that no one is working below loads etc. at anytime.The supervisor should regularly check that the manufacturer’s manualfor operating the machine is in the cab, that the next service date by afitter has not expired and that the machine has a current certificate ofthorough examination as required.Competent Persons carrying out planning of the use of machinesshould know and understand: The principles of machine operationWhat the machine can and cannot be used forThe hazards associated with machine operation including;overturningelectrocution – contacting overhead power linescolliding with pedestrians15
crushes and trappingfalling loadsfalling from height (when lifting people)loss of controlinsecure attachmentsThe checks and inspections that are required on a daily and weeklybasis;What can happen if the machine is poorly maintained;How to attach and detach an attachment in the prescribed manner;How to carry out checks to ensure the attachment has beencorrectly engaged;That all work must be carried out to a Method Statement and thatthe Method Statement is a description of the safe system of workdeveloped from a risk assessment of the task to be undertakenThat accidents and incidents are mainly caused by incorrectplanning and useThe increased risks when machines are being operated in the vicinityof other people and ensure/maintain an exclusion zone whereverpossibleTheir responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Order.Competent Persons should be able to: Carry out a risk assessment of the work to be carried out; Develop a safe system of work based on the outcomes of the riskassessment; Record the safe system of work in a Method Statement; Carry out an effective ob
Maintenance and Inspection 28 Overhead power lines 35 Lorry Loaders (HIAB) 36 Passengers on Mobile Machinery 37 Forward Tipping Dumper (Site Dumper) 38 Roll Over Protective Structures (ROPS) 41 Selection of Attachments 42 Plant Operator Frequently Asked Questions. 46 Cranes 48 Skip Handler 52 Low Loaders 57
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESOF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHANDSAFETY Second edition Benjamin O. ALLI INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Xpress text - Prelims (pp.i-xiv):Intro-CH1 (p.1-40) 27/06/2008 15:14 Page iii
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESOF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHANDSAFETY Second edition Benjamin O. ALLI INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Xpress text - Prelims (pp.i-xiv):Intro-CH1 (p.1-40) 27/06/2008 15:14 Page iii
carmelita lopez (01/09/18), maria villagomez (02/15 . josefina acevedo (11/10/97) production supervisor silvia lozano mozo (03/27/17). folder left to right: alfredo romero (02/27/12), production supervisor leo saucedo (01/15/07) customer sales representative customer sales representativesroute build - supervising left to right: josefina acevedo (11/10/97) john perry (12/04/17), leo saucedo .
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Theme 7: Astrophysics The situation at the end of the 19th century can be pictured by reading Agnes Clerke’s authoritative Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century. There was much factual knowledge, and a start on classification, but very little understanding. Sir Norman Lockyer (1836 1920) had begun to argue, based on observations of solar and stellar spectra, that .
In our study we focus on organizational citizenship behavior towards the organization (OCB-O) rather than towards other employees (OCB-I), as POS and trust represent organizational-level variables. Moreover, supervisors can be seen as the personification of an organization by employees (Eisenberger, Stinglhamer, Vandenberghe, Sucharski, & Rhoades, 2002) so that we expect all three moderators .
