The “Other” Digital Modes
The “Other” Digital ModesThings to do on HF when the sunor your HOA is not on your sideL U CA S F O R D, W 6 A E RW 6 A E R @ A R RL. NET
No need to stress about links & tech heavycontent. This PowerPoint is on my websitePlease Visit:WWW.W6AER.COMClick on DownloadsLucas Ford - W6AER2
I am always trying to improve content so ifsomething is not clear and/or you have aquestion please let me know!I F I T I S COVE R E D L AT E R , I W I L L L E T YO U K N O W
What will be covered Today: Why use these digital modes & What is meant by “other modes” Not to be confused with VOICE digital modes like D-star, Fusion, etc. Very Brief overview for getting started (Part 1) Software / Hardware & My findings from years of experimenting Overview of the most common “other modes” in 2 parts Why I like them and use them Learn from my/others mistakes as well as Tips DX-ing / Weak Signal Tips for both modes Not my radio on the right (Just liked the picture)Lucas Ford - W6AER4
PART 1: HF Digital OverviewLucas Ford - W6AER5
What digital modes are out SPRJT4MSK32FECContestiaPSK63JT65MT63SSTVQPSKV4 ChatLucas Ford - W6AER6
Question of the Day: What is “Other” Digital Most common mode is RTTY (Besides CW if you want to get technical)although some would argue this is changing RTTY, at least for decent DX, often needs an amp & larger antennas Not very forgiving when conditions are poor or sun is not co-operating( I will Prove it on the next slide) Used by DX Expeditions (Also Changing)and many RTTY contests out there BUT: Not the only game in town as you saw!Lucas Ford - W6AER7
Why Go Digital in General?Let’s look at the numbers!Source: “How Much ‘Punch’ Can You Getfrom Different Modes?” by Siwiak andPontius, December, 2013 9Using CW as the Baseline - ZEROOriginal 7CW is the Baseline at ZEROLucas Ford - W6AER8
So .Why Go “Other” Digital? Conditions get worse (Lack of Sun Spots), some modes will be still widelyavailable as seen in previous slide. Can work from Apartments & HOA Restricted locations Most modes don’t require much power Smaller or even indoor Antennas are plenty Vertical loops work very well (AOR LA-800 RX Pictured) If you have a full sized antenna, you will be in heaven!Lucas Ford - W6AER9
Yet more reasons As with CW, easier to work the lower bands (160,80,40 & 30) with JT65/9Many seem to think 30m is CW only – WRONG! - JT65/9, PSK31, WSPR, etc.Let’s not forget the 60m band – Digital is also OK here, JT65 is very active at times!Always someone to work, 24/7!Lucas Ford - W6AER10
Some DX Expeditions are branching out with the modes they use. I wasvery happy to see the above JT65 and PSK used in the Ivory Coast DXexpedition, even if I did not get a chance to use it. This opens doors formany “little guns” SIDE NOTE: PSK63F is a faster version of PSK31 with Forward errorcorrection. More on PSK later!Lucas Ford - W6AER11
Do I practice what I preach?In ProgressClublog.org seems to think soeven based just on my currentcall sign!Over ½ of my QSOs are Digital,of these only 5-10% RTTYNote how conditions get worsemore CW and Digital!Many band fillers I would nothave worked if not for the “other”digital modes. Mainly JT65!Lucas Ford - W6AER12
My Disproportionate Numbers Triangle (digital)and Circle (CW)have better reach Especially true forthe LOW bands(40-160m) Best example ZS(South Africa)regular digitalQSOs on 40mLucas Ford - W6AER13
Quick Review of what is Required for Digital Running Appropriate Software Decent CPU to Decode JT Modes,PSK is easier. Your PC Clock needs to be veryaccurate!Interface * Digital or SSB mode Disable DSP, filters that may distortthe digital signal. Use Something from This Century(Frequency Drift, etc. can be veryfrustrating on both ends) Keep it simple Use good wiring Ground if possible Don’t overdrive Avoid Ground Loops PTT or VOX triggerComputerRadio* Not Required if Built Into RadioLucas Ford - W6AER14
Selected Interface ComparisonModelEaseCost of Use ExtrasPerformance BuildAddedQuality FeaturesDesigned ForTigertronicsSignaLink10 110 cable8TimewaveNavigator6 300 cable 10Homebrew8-10With boxunder 20RadioIntegratedVariesPossiblehigher costLucas Ford - W6AER8NoCausal User10YesCasual/AdvancedVaries,Variesshielding, etcVariesDYI & BudgetUsersVaries butusually goodVariesCasual/AdvanceVaries15
Selected Software ComparisonPackageMyCost Rating ExtrasPerformanceEase ofUseEase ofSetupModesWSJT-X10FREE1096JT65/9 Modes (AlsoJT4, Echo and WSPR)FLDigi6FREE10108Many modes but noJT ModesHam Radio8Deluxe DM780V.5 FreeV.6 Paid89Varies66Most but no JTmodes or WSPRJT65-HF8FREE61010JT65 ONLY (no JT9)No longer DevelopedJTDX10FREE1086Based on WSJT-X 1.7Beta currently, GoodLucas Ford - W6AER16
Additional Software: MixW - 70, from the Ukraine MultiPSK – FREE, from France CocoaModem – FREE, Mac OSX, from USANot a heavy user of the above other then trying them, so can’tcomment much but these are all alternatives! None of thesedo JT65/9 but all do PSK and many other modes. Many otheroptions out there, new ones coming out all the time.Lucas Ford - W6AER17
Oh ”GRID SQUARES” Anyone?Lucas Ford - W6AER18
What are “GRID SQUARES” ? A grid square measures 1 latitude by 2 longitude and measuresapproximately 70 100 miles in the continental US. A grid square is indicated by two capital letters (the field) and two numbers(the square), followed by an optional lower case letter for more preciselocation. Pacifica, CA (My QTH) is CM87sp For JT65/9 I just need CM87 General area Also used in weak signal modes on VHF/UHF Always used in Satellite Communication You can look up yours here:http://www.levinecentral.com/ham/grid square.phpLucas Ford - W6AER19
PART 2: So .Let’s talk JTNo, not the singer .modes!Lucas Ford - W6AER20
PART 2: So .Let’s talk JTJT65 & JT9 TogetherLucas Ford - W6AER21
Comparing The “JT” digital modes for HF:ModeJT65 ighExcellent2-3 dB Betterthen JT65(a)Both of them have been comparedto watching grass grow but theyWORK! Each exchange is 47seconds, starts on the minute.Under50hz HigherThere are other JT modes as well as WSPR but notgoing to cover these at this time.All very low power modes – No AMP!No more then 30-40WLucas Ford - W6AERQSO Length is about the same forboth modes, typical length is about6 minutes is all goes well22
WSJT-X 1.6 withJTAlertX Running(Now 1.7 is out as of 2017) Shows basic QSO, running JTAlert Under it with pop-up. Allows to color code, Showsworked “B4” (add-on) Writes directly to my HRD log Now What does all thismean?Lucas Ford - W6AER23
Typical JT9 QSO (Same as JT65)1. Station Calls CQ with HIS GRID2. I respond with MY GRID3. He Sends his repot (-23, I was veryweak, can decode to -26) @ JT9 # JT65 Same Process for BOTHLucas Ford - W6AER4. I send his with an R (Roger) andhe is at -19 (Better then me)5. RR73 and my 736. In the log! 6 Min. if all goes wellEach cycle is 47 seconds, startsautomatically at the top of theminute via macros. Check your Clock!24
Did you say Macros? Yes, I did .Here is all you needto know! If YOU are calling CQ left side If you are ANSWERING a CQuse right sideYou will need to enter your call signand your grid square (remember those)when you setup your software andyour macros are ready to go!Lucas Ford - W6AER DONE! No, really that is it! PS: You can generate your ownvery short text in “Free msg”but keep if short25
But if you are Hunting DX like Antarctica! THE RULES CAN BE BENT! Don’t wait for a CQ, likely will notsee one! Everyone, their neighborand dog (likely unlicensed) willwant to work him! See how I followed the XE(Mexican) Station and NT2A (NewYork) followed me Can work split, but not needed onthis one. All 3 of us got Antarctica in the logon 40m JT65 modeLucas Ford - W6AER26
Remember how I said JT65/9 isgreat on the lower bands?Lucas Ford - W6AER27
160m QSO E51WL (North CookIsland) using 25Wand a ButternutVertical Antenna &140 feet of coax! Got report of -05 hewas -21 I like to keep thingsaround -10 or so butpersonal preference Will go over QSOFlow in a bit Lucas Ford - W6AER28
OPTIONAL ADD-ON:JTAlertX Helping me see what I needB4 – Means I have worked it beforeGREEN – Station not worked and calling CQYELLOW (Not Pictured) – Needed Entity (State/Country/Etc. as you defined)BLUE – Needed Prefix (if you are a prefix hunter for CQ award)These can be all setup based on YOUR PreferenceLucas Ford - W6AER29
Lucas Ford - W6AER30
Quick word about the Waterfall You may not hear it but it’s there! Stick around for 2 minutes Alwayslisten first as you would on CW or SSB to avoid QRM-ing Above 2500 Mark is JT9 / Below is JT65 – Stay in your area! Each Cycle is 1 Minute with close to 50 seconds of activity. Bars Indicate where you are (Green is RX / Red is TX)Lucas Ford - W6AER31
Things to know about 30m Brown Bar is WSPR “Whisper” – NEVER Transmit JT65/9 or anythingother then WSPR here ever!Lucas Ford - W6AER32
JT Alert Plugin showing Activity Note the conditions and the activebands! These were supposedly “BadConditions” Not on Digital! This was in December 2016, since Ihave seen a growth in 80/160m Keep in mind, this does not meanyou hear it all from your QTH butgives you a good general ideaLucas Ford - W6AER33
Frequencies and tips for JT65/9 160m - 1836-1838 WSJT-X software has there preprogrammed 80m – 3576 For 60m Use the CENTER CHANEL of the 5after selecting 60m on your software. 40m – 7076 30m – 10138-10141 20m – 14076-14078 17m – 18102 6m openings you can work out of state andeven DX with few watts! 40/60/80/160 come alive after dark as it doeswith other modes, local QSO only daytime 15m – 21076 10/12/15 are mainly when sun spot counts arehigh but worth checking as they DO open. 12m – 24917 30/20/17 are your money bands for this modeand activity round the clock at times. 10m – 28076 The JT65 mode used for moon bounce is adifferent version, NOT JT65(a) 6m - 50276Lucas Ford - W6AER34
Quick word about TIME JT 65/9 send on the top of theminute EXACTLY. For successful QSO PCtime needs to be spot on or no decodes. Aftermarket Software: Atomic Clock Sync,NetTime, Time-Sync and of courseDimension4 (I used this before)Another option is to use GPS to setTime via NMEATime, I use thisNOW but is overkill for most.Requires a USB or Serial GPS.Lucas Ford - W6AER35
Decoding JT65/9 Signal Reports NOT using 59 (SSB), 599 (PSK, RTTY), 5NN (cw) JT65 always NEGATIVE numbers like -18 JT9 can be BOTH (-23 or 02, etc.) If you are getting a 10, YOU ARE TOO LOUD! Lower number is always weaker Decoder Ring Optional (Joke)Lucas Ford - W6AER36
Before we move on Lucas Ford - W6AER37
Can you Identify this JT65 Issue?A S S E E N O N WAT E R FA L L:ANSWER: Frequency drift. Possible olderradio warming up, or soundcard isdrifting. I see this a lot with CO(Cuban) Stations lately. Very hard to decode, although Ihave seen it done & have done it. NOTE: If everything looks like thison your waterfall Then it’s YOU!Lucas Ford - W6AER38
Can you Identify the problems here?S E E F I R S T G R E E N CQ L I N E :ANSWER: No call sign of ham looking for SouthCarolina We are required to ID Not possible to Respond due to JT65QSO Structure. Likely STILL looking for SC! Proper form is CQ W6AER SC insteadof CQ W6AER CM87 if SC hunting CQDX (Call) or CQ (Call) DX is also ok.Lucas Ford - W6AER39
PART 3: The world of PSKLucas Ford - W6AER40
Comparing the Phase-ShiftKeying (PSK) Modes Easy to use Low power – No AMP! As conditions improve, speed usedtends to go up. QPSK - Quadrature phase shift,slower, more accurate but rarelyused sadly! (Ex. QPSK31)ModeData RateConditionsfor od63hzPSK125Yikes!Great125hz Recommend Macros, especiallywith faster speeds! PSK 125 isfaster then I can read. The “F” After mode is forwarderror correction (Ex. PSK31F)Lucas Ford - W6AER41
As Seen on the Waterfall:PSK 31PSK 63PSK 125 As speed goes up, so does bandwidth, Only “mid portion” is data! When bandwidth goes up, can be harder to decoded. Errors tend to goup unless conditions are good.Lucas Ford - W6AER42
.And now, what they sound like:PSK 31Lucas Ford - W6AERPSK 63PSK 12543
QSO WindowCONTROLSResponsesWaterfall(Showing Transmit here)Lucas Ford - W6AER44
Typical PSK QSO Start: (I responded to CQ) - Note the Errors, NO Error Correction!REPORTGRIDREPORTGRIDI REPEAT REPEAT to reduce errorsLucas Ford - W6AER45
Typical PSK QSO End:KN Go ahead to specific stationSK End of Contact (Silent Key)Lucas Ford - W6AER46
Controls to know: Exchange is much like JT65/9 but FASTER and you CAN ragchew.Drawback, does not decode as well but does decode better thenRTTY and in some cases yes it even beats CW! Call CQ, Reply, Closing can all have multiple “Macros” (Pre Writtentext I do not like to type too much)! Handy if running your systemremote from a tablet, etc.Lucas Ford - W6AER47
Use “SuperBrowser” to view all QSOs LiveLucas Ford - W6AER48
The Lingo K Over / KN Turn Over to a specific station SK End of QSO (Silent Key) BTU Back to You TU Thanks, sometimes TNX PSE Please, can be used with PSE K or KN OM Old Man / YL Young Lady / XYL – Wife (Used instead of names at times) FB Fine Business (in other words, good or all received) GM Good Morning / GA Good Afternoon / CUL See You Later Arigato/Sayonara (Japanese), Gracias/Adios (Spanish) Thank you/Good Bye 73 Best Regards / 88 Love and KissesLucas Ford - W6AER49
Frequencies and tips for PSK Modes 160 m – 1.838 MHz 80 m – 3.580 MHz 40 m – 7.040 MHzALWAYS use USB (Upper Side Band) even below10Mhz Unlike you would on Phone. Also True forJT65/9 and most HF digital modes.You will find 20m to be the most active on average 30 m – 10.142 MHz 20 m – 14.070 MHz 17 m – 18.100 MHz 15 m – 21.070 MHz10/12m are hopping when sun spots are good!40m is good at night but traffic variesMany Software packages have these preset 12 m – 24.920 MHz 10 m – 28.120 MHz 6 m – 50.290 MhzLucas Ford - W6AERDo not type EVERYTHING IN CAPS, Slower on PSK!Check out pskreporter.info to see where you are heard50
Tips for DX and getting thesemodes to perform even better!HA R D WA R E E N D :S O F T WA R E E N D : Use your roofing filters! If youhave a 300hz, center thewaterfall on it. I workedstations that I could not decodeotherwise! On WSJT-X set decode to DEEP(There are 3 settings) Narrow the bandwidth to justwant you want to work! Noneed to see 2.4-2.8Khz at thetime IF something weakcatches your eyes.Lucas Ford - W6AER Also you can have it do multipass. 2-3 is great but will usemore CPU so don’t go to crazy Call SPLIT if needed on PSK orJT modes, yes like inPhone/CW WORKS on DX!51
Things I learned and for you to remember:Turn off Radio DSPused for CW/VoiceTurn off ALLcompressionKeep your eye on theALC, Don’t overdrive!Stay below blue line.AGC OFF or FASTLucas Ford - W6AER52
Additional HardwareU S E F E R R I T ES TO CU T N O I S ET Y P E #3 1 I S U S U A L LYR E CO MME NDED F O R HA M SYou can make your OWN cables using Cat5Ethernet cablesLucas Ford - W6AER:S O M E R A D I O S N E E D S P E CI A L“J U M PE RS” O R CA B L E S . T HI S IHA D TO D O F O R T HE F T - 8 4 7 O NT HE S I G N A LINKSpeaker and Ground and straight through, Inneeds a capacitor, resistor stops false trigger53
The Law and Digital ModesACCO R D I N G TO T HE F CC:WHI CH I S W HY: Modes must have technicalcharacteristics which aredocumented publicly for the purposeof facilitating communications.(97.309 (a)(4) Has to be well documented. New modes areintroduced regularly! Below 28 Mhz can not exceed 1 kHzin width. (97.305 notes 3 and 4) There is no FM below 28Mhz – Too wide! Station ID may be done in the modeor with CW. (97.119 (b)(3)) Can not be encrypted to hidemeaningLucas Ford - W6AER SSTV is technically a voice mode and is closeto 3khz, Hellschriber similarly so. CW id can be set on WSJT-X andrecommended, required at the end of QSO There are in fact ways to encrypt both dataand voice.Please never do this: It’s ILLEGAL!54
Where to Obtain the Software: WSJT-X: l JT-Alert: http://hamapps.com Fldigi: http://www.w1hkj.com Ham Radio Deluxe: http://www.hrdsoftwarellc.comLucas Ford - W6AER55
Additional Recommend Reading on thesetwo digital modes coveredLucas Ford - W6AER56
And even more to get you going even if youhave limited spaceLucas Ford - W6AER57
Recommend Video Viewing:Dave, KE0OG has a great Intro do Digital Setup as well asother resources on his website, Including PSK31 Demohttp://dcasler.comRandy, K7AGE has great video tutorials on PSK31 and SSTVhe also presents at Pacificon and SeaPac if you get achance to catch atively another PSK31 Tutorialhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v wbmXFzmXF00Lucas Ford - W6AER58
Additional Recommend Video Viewing:If you rather attempt fldigi check out e.com/user/K4REF/videosLucas Ford - W6AER59
Additonal Info on the Web: WB8NUT has a very detailed website: http://wb8nut.com/digital The ARRL Overview: http://www.arrl.org/digital-data-modesLucas Ford - W6AER60
Any Questions for me?My Question for you: What would you like to see next?Lucas Ford - W6AER61
As with CW, easier to work the lower bands (160,80,40 & 30) with JT65/9 Many seem to think 30m is CW only –WRONG! - JT65/9, PSK31, WSPR, etc. Let’s not forget the 60m band – Digital is also OK here, JT65 is very active at times!
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