Introduction To Ancient Greece PPT For Homework

Introduction toAncient Greece

GeographyBIG IDEA: Greece’s geography and closeness to seasinfluenced their need for trade and independentcity-states.Greece is on the continent of Europe andconsists of many islands. The main partof Greece is a peninsulaSEAS: Mediterranean Sea (to the South),Aegean Sea, Ionian SeaMOUNTAINS: Mountains can be found allthroughout Greece, making it difficult todevelop as a whole, unified country.

City-StatesBECAUSE OF GEOGRAPHY, city-states had to develop independently[they were isolated]. These city-states were competitive with each otherCity-states were isolated, making the surrounding seas important for: Transportation trade with other civilizations and city-states.City-states are cities and the surrounding area that acted as their owncountries AND have their own*Laws*Rulers*Government styles*MoneyEXAMPLES: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, Agora, Olympia.

Review Questions With Your Group!1. How might thedevelopment ofcity-states causerivalries withinthe samecountry?2. How are thedevelopment of citystates differentfrom river valleycivilizations we havediscussed?

City-States AthensAthens was the center of Power, Art, Science, philosophy Placed a heavy emphasis on education Philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle came from Athens.Birthplace of Democracy (around 508 B.C. ) Wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen! Democracy Citizens have the right to vote for laws or leaders. ALL citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens. Sounds fair, right?

City-States Athens - The trick was, the only people that could vote in Athens were the citizens - You could only be a citizen if: You were a man born in Athens - So, only 50% or half of the people in Athens were citizens. - The people not allowed to vote were:*Women*Slaves*People born outside of AthensActivity: Everyone stand up. Girls sit down. If you were born somewhere OTHER than Concord, sitdown. These are the people who would be able to “vote” or make decisions for the whole class.

City-States: Sparta Focused on military strength, developing warriors, and power. Had their own army.Boys left home at age 7 to begin training. Conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. Three classes of people:Citizens, non-citizens (women) , slaves Training to become strong and powerful soldiers was the point ofeducation, not intelligence.

City-States: Sparta You could only be a citizen if: You were a man born in Sparta However, in Sparta, women WERE allowed to: own land andbusinesses People who came to Sparta from other city states orcountries could own businesses but could NOT becomecitizens

Review Questions With Your Group!1) Why would spartaand athens beconsidered“rivals?” What aremajor issues theydisagree on?2) How might bothcity-states go aboutpromoting theirculture?

LeadersSocrates Socrates was aphilosopher ofAncient Greece. A philosopher issomeone who tries toexplain the nature oflife. Socrates taught byasking questions. Thismethod of questioningis still called theSocratic method.Plato Plato was a studentof Socrates. He started a schoolcalled TheAcademy. Plato’s writing tookthe form of adialogue betweenteacher andstudent.Aristotle Aristotle wasanother Greekphilosopher andstudent of Plato. He wrote aboutscience, art, law,poetry, andgovernment.Alexander theGreat Alexander the Greatwas the son of KingPhillip II of Macedonia. Alexander conqueredPersia, Egypt, theMiddle East andNorthern India. As he conqueredland he would spreadGreek culture andachievements to theland and people.

government - spread of democracySlowly, other city-states began to adopt democracy as their main form of government.Alexander the Great helped spread Greek (Hellenistic) culture, which includes thedemocratic style of government.Trial By Jury was developed in Athens a group of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of committing a crime afterhearing all evidence.

Written Language The Greeks borrowed theiralphabet from the Phoenicians. Most European languages,including English borrowedideas from the Greekalphabet.

GovernmentGovernment varied from region to region.o Islands, city-states, mountains separated areas, etc.Most areas were ruled either by a tyrant, oligarchy, monarchy, or democracy.Monarchy: Ruled by one person,typically a king, queen, or emperor.Democracy:government by the people; a formof government where power is heldby the people and exercised bythem directly or by electedrepresentatives. (Athens)Oligarchy: Ruled by only few selectpeople like strong militaryleaders. (Sparta)Tyranny: One person of higher wealthtrying to hold political power.They’ve taken their powerillegally.

Review Questions With Your Group!1) How have different formsof Greek governmentinfluenced governmentstoday (not just U.S.)?

WarsPeloponnesian WarPersian War Between Athens andSparta 431 BC to 404 BC First war lasted 10 years:Sparta dominate land,Athens dominate sea.Athens built walls from thecity to the sea in order tomaintain trade, but they dieddue to disease. Second war: Spartans gothelp from other allies toconquer Athens. Asked thePersians to help. 405 BC Athens is defeated. Between Greece andPersia 492 BC to 449 BC Wars fought for powerand control of more land. Persian empire largest andmost powerful at the time.Controlled land from Egyptto India. Ionians (Greeks along thecoast of Turkey) enlistedhelp from other city-statesbut were defeated. Persiaconquers other city-statesto maintain control.Battles Battle of Marathon: Persianshad more soldiers than theGreeks, but Athens was ableto defeat about 6,000 Persiansand only lose 192 Greeks.Battle of Thermopylae:Greekshad a small army led bySparta king Leonidas and 300Spartans. Greeks had Persiansblocked until the Persiansfigured how to go around.Spartans fought to the death.Battle of Salamis:Persians foundAthenian ships waiting off thecoast of Salamis. Athens shipsproved faster and they sunkPersian ships. Persians

Peloponnesian War Persian War Battles Between Athens and Sparta 431 BC to 404 BC First war lasted 10 years: Sparta dominate land, Athens dominate sea. Athens built walls from the city to the sea in order to maintain trade, but they died due to disease. Second war: Spartans got help from other allies to conquer Athens. Asked the