BOILER CONTROLS &BOILER CONTROLS & INSTRUMENTATION
Your LogoHereBOILER CONTROLS &INSTRUMENTATIONPRESENTED ATM/S. MAGADI SODA COMPANY ,MAGADI , KENYA24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED1
MAJOR CLOSED LOOP CONTROLS IN BOILER DRUM LEVEL CONTROL PUMP ONON--OFF CONTROL ( USED ONPACKAGED SATURATED STEAM BOILERS) SINGLE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL( USED IN SMALL & PACKAGE BOILERS WITHECONOMISERS OPERATING AT LOWPRESSURE) THREE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL (USED IN HIGH PRESSURE LARGE CAPACITYBOILERS )24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED2
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SINGLE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL IN A SINGLE ELEMENT CONTROL , THELEVEL TRANSMITTER ON THE STEAMDRUM WILL TRANSMIT THE LEVELSIGNAL TO THE CONTROLLER. LEVELCONTROLLER COMPARES THIS SIGNALWITH THE SET POINT AND SENDS ANOUTPUT SIGNAL TO THE FEED WATERCONTROL VALVE TO OPEN OR CLOSETO INCREASE OR DECREASE THE FEEDWATER FLOW TO THE BOILER.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED4
SINGLE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED5
WHY THREE ELEMENT CONTROL ? IN HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS , WHEN THESTEAM DEMAND OF THE BOILER INCREASESSUDDENLY , THE WITHDRAWAL OF STEAMFROM THE STEAM DRUM WILL BE HIGHERTHAN THE STEAM GENERATION ASCOMBUSTION CONTROL WILL TAKE SOMETIME TO REACT AND INCREASE THE FUELHEAT INPUT TO THE BOILER.THIS WILLRESULT IN DRUM PRESSURE FALLINGTEMPORARILY. THIS LOSS OF PRESSUREWILL RESULT IN THE FORMATION OF STEAMBUBBLES IN THE DRUM WATER DUE TO THEENTHAPHY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWOPRESSURE LEVELS.LEVELS24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED6
WHY THREE ELEMENT CONTROL ?CONTINUED THIS BUBBLING IN THE DRUM WATER WILLRESULT IN THE FOAMING AND INCREASE INTHE VOLUME LEADING TO THE LEVEL GOINGUP SPURIOUSLY. THE LEVEL TRANSMITTERWILL TRANSMIT THIS INCREASE IN DRUMLEVEL TO THE CONTROLLER LEADING TOREDUCTION IN FEED WATER FLOW INSTEADOF INCREASING THE FEED WATER FLOWDUE TO HIGHER DEAMND ON BOILER. TOAVOID SUCH A WRONG CONTROL 3 ELEMENTDRUM LEVEL CONTROL IS REQUIRED24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED7
THREE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL IN THIS THE DRUM LEVEL CONTROLLER INADDITION TO RECEIVING THE DRUM LEVELSIGNAL , WILL ALSO RECEIVE THE STEAMFLOW AND FEED WATER FLOWTRANSMITTER SIGNALS. HENCE WHENEVERTHERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESTEAM AND WATER FLOW , THECONTROLLER WILL APPLY SUITABLECORRECTION TO ITS OUTPUT SIGNAL TO THEFEED CONTROL VALVE. THIS TYPE OFCONTROL WILL KEEP THE DRUM LEVELCONTROL TO FUNCTION CORRECTLY EVENWHEN THE BOILEROLOADOCCHANGESG S24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED8
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FLOW COMPENSATIONS IN CASE OF FLOW MEASUREMENTS FORCOCOMPRESSIBLESSFLUIDSS(SSTEAM , GASG S ) , THEDENSITY WILL CHANGE DUE TO CHANGE INPRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF THEMEDIUM. IN SUCH CASES BOTH THE PRESSUREAND TEMPERATURE OF THE FLUID ALSO SHALLBE MEASURED TO APPLY THE DENSITYCORRECTION FOR THE FLOW MEASUREMENTS.FOR EXAMPLE IN A THREE ELEMENT DRUMLEVEL CONTROL , THE CONTROLLER WILL ALSONEED THE STEAM PRESSURE ANDTEMPERATURE SIGNALS TO CORRECT THESTEAM FLOW. WITHOUT THIS THE CONTROLWILL GO WRONG.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED10
SUPER HEATER STEAM TEMPERATURECONTROLIN BOILERS WITH HIGH SUPER HEATTEMPERATURES IT IS NECESSARY TO PROTECTTHE DOWN STREAM EQUIPMENT LIKE STEAMTURBINE FROM LARGE VARIATION INTEMPERATURES. ALSO WITHIN THE BOILERCONTROL RANGE( NORMALLY 60 TO 100 % MCR)MCR),THE STEAM TEMPERATURE LEAVING THEBOILER IS REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINEDCONSTANT IN MANY APPLICATIONS. ININDUSTRIAL BOILERS THE SUPER HEATERS AREGENERALLY CONVECTIVE TYPE AND HENCE ITSHEAT ABSORPTION WILL GO DOWN WITH BOILERLOAD AND THUS GAS FLOW.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED11
SUPER HEATER STEAM TEMPERATURECONTROL--CONTINUEDCONTROLHENCE THE SUPER HEATER WILL BE SIZED TO GIVEREQUIRED STEAM TEMPERATURE AT THE MINIMUMOF THE CONTROL LOAD AND AT FULL LOAD , IF NOTCONTROLLED ,THE SUPER HEATER OUTLETTEMPERATURE WILL BE MUCH HIGHER THANREQUIRED HENCE SUPER HEATER STEAMREQUIRED.TEMPERATURE CONTROL IS REQUIREDESSENTIALLY. THE SUPER HEATER OUTLETTEMPERATURE IS SENT TO THE CONTROLLER BYTHE TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER. THECONTROLLERS COMPARES THE SAME WITH THE SETPOINT AND GIVES A RESULTANT SIGNAL TO THESPARY CONTROL VALVE TO CHANGE THE SPRAYWATER QUANTITY24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED12
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BALANCED DRAFT CONTROLIN BOILERS PROVIDED WITH BOTH FD AND IDFANS IT IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN THEFURNACE DRAFT AT NEAR ZERO PRESSURE.( BETWEEN –5 TO –10 MMWC TO PREVENTFLAME FROM COMING OUT AND INJURINGOPERATING PERSONNEL ) THIS IS DONE BY THISCONTROL. THE FURNACE DRAFT TRANSMITTERSENDS THE FURNACE DRAFT SIGNAL TO THECONTROLLER CONTROLLER ON COMPARINGCONTROLLER.THE SAME WITH THE SET POINT SENDS ANOUTPUT SIGNAL TO THE PNEUMATIC POWERCYLINDER OF THE ID FAN DAMPER TO OPEN ORCLOSE THE SAME AND THUS CONTROLS THEFURNACE PRESSURE WITHIN LIMITS.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED14
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COMBUSTION CONTROLTHE STEAM DEMAND FROM BOILER VARYDEPENDING UPON CHANGE IN PROCESSREQUIREMENT OR POWER REQUIREMENT. THE FUELFED TO THE BOILER SHOULD BE CONTROLLED TOGIVE THE NECESSARY QUANTITY OF STEAM. THESTEAM DEMAND INCREASE OR DECREASE WILL BEINDICATED BY THE BOILER OUTLET PRESSURE.PRESSUREHENCE COMBUSTION CONTROL IS ESSENTIALLY ACONTROL TO KEEP THE BOILER OUTLET PRESSURECONSTANT THE STEAM PRESSURE TRANSMITTER INCONSTANT.THE MAIN STEAM LINE SENDS THE SIGNAL TO THECONTROLLER WHICH IN TURN SENDS AN OUTPUTSIGNAL TO THE FEEDER MOTORS IN THE SOLID FUELFIRED BOILERS AND TO THE FUEL CONTROL VALVEIN THE CASE OF OIL AND GAS FIRED BOILERS.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED16
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COMBUSTION CONTROL - CONTINUEDCOMBUSTION CONTROL IN OIL AND GASFIRED BOILERS CAN BE VERY ACCURATE ASIT IS EASY TO MEASURE THE FUEL FLOWACCURATELY . HOWEVER IN SOLID FUELFIRED BOILERS , THE FUEL CONTROL ISMORE VOLUMETRIC AND NOT WEIGHT BASIS.BASISIT IS ASSUMED THAT THE DENSITY OF THEFUEL IS CONSTANT AND THE FEEDER ISFULLY FILLED WITHOUT VACCUM . BOTHTHESE ASSUMPTIONS ARE NOT EAXCTLYCORRECT IN MANY SMALL SOLID FUELCORRECT.FIRED INDUSTRIAL BOILERS THIS CONTROLIS NOT AUTOMATIC BUT MANUAL.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED18
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COMBUSTION CONTROL - CONTINUEDEVEN WHERE THE FUEL CONTROL ISAUTOMATIC , THE AIR FLOW CONTROL WILLBE SSEMI-AUTOMATIC.SEMIU OC THE FD FAN GUGUIDEVANE/DAMPER WILL BE CONTROLLEDREMOTE MANUALLY BY THE OPERATOR TOMATCH THE FUEL FLOW.FLOW ONLY IN VERYLARGE BOILERS , THE AIR FLOW CONTROLALSO WILL BE AUTOMATIC , WITH THE SAMESIGNAL FROM STEAM PRESSURECONTROLLER GOING TO THE ACTUATOR OFTHE FD FAN DAMPER AFTER GETTINGCORRECTED TO THE ACTUAL AIR FLOWSIGNAL RECEIVED FROM THE AIR FLOWTRANSMITTER.THERMODYNE24/06/2010TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED20
DEAERATOR CONTROLS DEAERATORS NORMALLY HAVE TWO CONTROLS : PRESSURE CONTROLTHIS IS NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN THEDEAERATION TEMPERATURE AT THE REQUIREDLEVEL TO ACHIVE THE REMOVAL OF GASES FROMWATER. SINCE IN SATURATED CONDITIONS BOTHPRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ARE RELATED ,THE DEAEARATOR PRESSURE IS CONTROLLEDINSTEAD OF THE TEMPERATURE. LEVEL CONTROLTHE DEAERATOR LEVEL CONTROL IS SIMILAR TOTHE SINGLE ELEMENT DRUM LEVEL CONTROL.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED21
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BOILER INTERLOCKS IN ADDITION TO CLOSED LOOP FULLY MODULATING CONTROLSREQUIRED FOR THE NORMAL OPERATION OF THE BOILER ,INTERLOCK CONTROLS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE SAFE STARTSTARTUP AND SHUTSHUT-DOWN OF THE BOILER. THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE INTERLOCKS USED FORSOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS.1. FD fan can not start without ID fan2 Fuel flow will not start without FD and ID fans2.are in operation3. Standby feed pump will automatically come intooperation when operating pump fails4. Boiler will trip in case of steam drum low leveltrip switch is activated5 Boiler will trip if Deaerator low low level switch is5.activated6. Boiler will trip is ID fan trips7 Boiler will trip if instrument air pressure fails7.fails.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED23
BURNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ACT ( NFPA) ,USA IS WIDELY USED ALL OVER THE WORLDWITH REGARD TO THE INTERLOCKSREQUIRED FOR SAFE STARTSTART-UP AND SHUTSHUT-DOWNOOFO OILO AND GASG S FIRED BURNERS.US THESE INTERLOCKS ARE TO BE HANDLED BYA SEPARATE PROCESSOR IN THE PLC/DCSAS PER NFPA AND NOT BY THE SAMEPROCESSOR WHICH HANDLES THE OTHERBOILER OPEN LOOP OR CLOSED LOOPCONTROLS.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED24
BURNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - CONTINUED SOME OF THE STARTSTART-UP PERMISSIVES1. Oil pressure is not low22. Oil temperature is not low3. Fuel gas pressure is not low44. Fuel gas pressure is not high5. Instrument air pressure is not low6. Scanner air pressure is not low7. Pilot gas pressure is not low8. Combustion air ppressure is not low9. ID fan is running ( Where applicable )10. Steam drum level not low low24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED25
BURNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - CONTINUED SOME OF THE TRIP INTERLOCKS HANDLED BY BMS ARE :During the burner startstart--up , startstart--up will be aborted when any of thefollowing occurs11.Pilot flame is not provedproved,2. Main flame is not provedDuring operation the burner system will trip on any of the followingoccurrence1. Flame is not sensed2. Failure of instrument air pressure3. Failure of scanner air pressure4. Drum level low low55.ID fan failure6. FD fan failure7. Fuel gas pressure low88.Oil pressure llow24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED26
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PLC PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER : USED MORE FOR INTERLOCKS EVENTHOUGH CAN BE USED FOR CLOSEDLOOP CONTROLS ALSO FASTER AND HENCE MORE SUITABLEFOR INTERLOCKS USED FOR CLOSED LOOP CONTROLSALSO IF THE NUMBER OFCONTROLLERS ARE LESS.24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED29
DCS DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM AS THE NAME ITSELF IMPLIES , THIS ISUSED WHEN WHEN MANYINDEPENDENT PROCESSES IN A PLANTARE TO BE CONTROLLED FROM ONELOCATION MOREOSUITABLESWHEN LARGEGNUMBER OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROLSARE INVOLVED SLIGHTLY SLOWER THAN PLC24/06/2010THERMODYNETECHNOLOGIES PRIVATELIMITED30
boiler interlocks in addition to closed loop fully modulating controls required for the normal operation of the boilerrequired for the normal operation of the boiler , interlock controls are required for the safe startinterlock controls are required for the safe start--up and shutup and shut--down of the boiler.down of the boiler. the following are some of the interlocks used forthe following .
Raypak Hi-Delta Boiler Raypack Hi-Delta boiler with on/off state animations. Murray Boiler Murray boiler with flame animation. Multistack Boiler Multistack boiler with open/closed version but no animations. Superior Boiler Superior boiler with flame animation. F - salesqagraphicscom C 515-965-3403 O S P O S P O S P O S P O S P O S P D
A Lochinvar Crest series condensing boiler, model FBN2001 was installed to replace "Boiler 2" in January 2019. Boiler 2 was an AERCO Benchmark 2.0, serial number G-08-0799. New Boiler Information-SUN-224 Boiler Identification: Boiler 2 Location: Boiler Room Boiler Make/Model
the boiler and they have to enter the registration number of the boiler along with the following details a. Boiler Details : User need to provide following details of the boiler i. Types of Boiler/ Economizer ii. Total Heating Surface Area (Sq. mt) iii. Name of Manufacturer iv. Boiler/ Small Industrial Boiler/ Economizer Works Number v.
Fire tube steam boilers may be either high or low pressure boilers. There are three types of fire tube steam boilers: (i) horizontal return tubular boiler, (ii) scotch marine boiler, and (iii) vertical fire tube boiler. The boiler studied in the present experiment is horizontal return tubular boiler. This boiler is a 3 pass fire tube boiler.
Inspect boiler jacket door gaskets on front of cabinet and reinstall boiler jacket door after start or servicing. The boiler jacket door must be securely fastened to the boiler to prevent boiler from drawing air from inside the boiler room. This is particularly important if the boiler is
EU-34.2 Nebraska Boiler - #2 fuel oil EU-34.3 Nebraska Boiler - soybean oil EU-34.4 Nebraska Boiler - animal fats EU-34.5 Nebraska Boiler - biodiesel heavies EU-34.6 Nebraska Boiler - biodiesel EP-34.2 EU-34.21 Nebraska Boiler (Heat Recover Stack) - natural gas 02-A-387-S1 EU-34.22 Nebraska Boiler (Heat Recover Stack) - #2 fuel oil
8 UNIVERSAL steam boiler U-ND/U-HD 12 UNIVERSAL steam boiler U-MB 16 UNIVERSAL steam boiler UL-S/UL-SX 20 UNIVERSAL steam boiler ZFR/ZFR-X 24 Self-fired waste heat boiler 26 UNIVERSAL heat recovery steam boiler HRSB 27 Series UL-S and UT-H as waste heat boilers 28 Boiler control BCO 29 Service 30 References middle of 2012 the systems were sold .
The mission of The American Board of Radiology is to serve patients, the public, and the medical profession by certifying that its diplomates have acquired, demonstrated, and maintained a requisite standard of knowledge, skill and understanding essential to the practice of diagnostic radiology, radiation oncology and radiologic physics Six Competencies 1. Professional & Medical Knowledge 2 .
