Flightpath 2050 - European Commission
EUROPEANCOMMISSIONFlightpath 2050Europe’s Visionfor AviationReport of the High Level Groupon Aviation ResearchPolicyEUR 098 EN
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDirectorate-General for Research and InnovationDirectorate General for Mobility and TransportEUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answersto your questions about the European UnionFreephone number (*):00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbersor these calls may be billedLEGAL NOTICENeither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsiblefor the use which might be made of the following information.The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the European Commission.More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011ISBN 978-92-79-19724-6doi 10.2777/50266 European Union, 2011Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.Printed in BelgiumPRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF)
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONFlightpath 2050Europe’s Vision for AviationMaintaining Global Leadership &Serving Society’s NeedsReport of the High Level Group on Aviation Research2011Directorate-General for Research and InnovationDirectorate-General for Mobility and Transport1
Aviation – an invaluable asset for Europe4The European Aviation Vision 2050Highly ambitious goalsEuropean air transport in 2050Meeting societal & market needs Maintaining and extending industrialleadership Protecting the environment and theenergy supplyEnsuring safety and security Prioritising research, testing capabilities& education77810Achieving the Vision A research and innovation friendlyenvironment for EuropeFrom Vision to the Research Agenda20The High Level Groupon Aviation ResearchMarek DareckiCharles EdelstenneTable ofContentsTom Enders2Emma FernandezPeter HartmanJean-Paul HertemanMichael KerklohIan KingPatrick KyMichel MathieuGiuseppe OrsiGerald SchotmanColin SmithJohann-Dietrich Wörner121416182022
Forewordby Siim Kallas, Vice-President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Transport, andMáire Geoghegan-Quinn, Commissioner for Research, Innovation and ScienceEurope is entering a new age where it faces many challenges such as globalisation, afinancial system in need of reform, climate change and an increasing scarcity of resources.This is why the European air transport system is directly concerned by new challengesregarding its competitiveness, performance and sustainability. The European manufacturingand service industry is strongly affected by globalisation, new competitors, new markets andthe need for innovation. Sustainable mobility is at stake, as are millions of jobs and billions ofEuros of added value. Research and innovation are key to maintaining Europe’s capacities andcompetitiveness and it is time to align efforts towards a new long-term vision for this sector.We invited key stakeholders of European aviation from the aeronautics industry, air trafficmanagement, airports, airlines, energy providers and the research community to cometogether in a High Level Group to develop a vision for Europe’s aviation system and industryby 2050. The aviation community responded enthusiastically and produced this importantdocument which focuses on two main challenges: meeting the needs of our citizens and themarket as well as maintaining global leadership.The strategy addresses customer orientation and market needs as well as industrialcompetitiveness and the need to maintain an adequate skills and research infrastructurebase in Europe. By 2050, passengers and freight should enjoy efficient and seamless travelservices, based on a resilient air transport system thoroughly integrated with other transportmodes and well connected to the rest of the world. This will be necessary in order to meet thegrowing demand for travel and to cope more easily with unforeseeable events.It should also help to reduce aviation’s impact on citizens and the environment. Aviation hasan important role to play in reducing noise as well as greenhouse gas emissions, regardless oftraffic growth. Aviation must move towards more sustainable energy sources. It should live upto the highest levels of safety and security to ensure that passengers and freight as well as theair transport system and its infrastructure are protected.The vision set out in this document stresses the need for an innovation friendly environmentrelying on strong, sustainable and coherent investment in research and innovation andenhanced governance, funding and financing structures.Research, technology and innovation are essential catalysts for a competitive and sustainablefuture and we need to start quickly to be effective. This document setting out a Europeanvision for the future of aviation emphasises where those working in aviation see the prioritiesfor the relevant policy, research and innovation instruments. It is a high-level vision of Europeleading with an aviation industry that is clean, competitive, safe and secure.Siim KallasMáire Geoghegan-Quinn3
Aviation - an invalubaleasset for EuropeAviation –an invaluableasset for EuropeAeronautics and air transport1 is a vital sector ofour society and economy. It is also of sovereignimportance for the European Union and its MemberStates. It is a sector in which European public andprivate stakeholders provide world leadership andhelps to meet society’s needs by: ensuring suitable and sustainable mobility ofpassengers and freight generating wealth and economic growth significantly contributing to the balance of trade andEuropean competitiveness providing highly skilled jobs and innovation fostering Europe’s knowledge economy throughsubstantial R&D investment contributing in many ways to global safety, securityand self-reliance.Aviation is a catalyst for growth and skilled employment. Assuch, it is at the heart of the EUROPE 2020 strategy and itsflagship initiatives including: Innovation Union, An industrialpolicy for the globalisation era and Resource Efficient Europe.Aviation’s economic and societal contribution is substantialgenerating around 220 billion2 and providing 4.5 millionjobs3. The value of this contribution is illustrated by theeconomic impact of the disruption to the European airtransport system of 2010’s volcanic eruption in Iceland whichamounted to approximately 2.5 billion in the first week.Over the past 40 years, the European aeronautic industryhas, through collective European efforts encompassingpublic and private, major companies, thousands of smalland medium enterprises (SMEs), academia and researchlaboratories, successfully raised from a niche sector toa world leading industry. Its products include aircraft,rotorcraft, engines, avionics and systems as well asleading operations and services. Aeronautics thereforecontinues to be a highlight of an integrated hightechnology research, development and manufacturingsector. It numbers approximately 82000 aeronauticalcompanies4, including a significant share of small and
medium-sized enterprises which in 2009 supportedabout 500000 sustainable and highly skilled jobs. In thesame year, aeronautics generated a turnover in excessof 100 billion, of which approximately 60% is exportedoutside the European Union.On average, 12% of aeronautic revenues, representingalmost 7 billion per year for civil aeronautics alone,are reinvested in Research and Development (R&D)and support around 20% of aerospace jobs. Every Euroinvested in aeronautics R&D creates an equivalentadditional value in the economy every year thereafter.Aeronautical technologies are catalysts for innovationand spill-over into other economic and technologicalsectors, thus contributing to the growth of the Europeaneconomy as a whole.Aviation is a vital facilitator of European integrationand cohesion by providing essential transport links.It is an important enabler of prosperity and wealthcreation for the Member States and their peripheralregions by stimulating development, opening newmarkets, boosting international trade and encouragingcompanies to invest.Europe is home to approximately 150 scheduledpassenger airlines and 450 airports, which in 2009supported 751 million passengers5. World wide, traffic ispredicted to grow at a rate of close at 4-5% per year witheven higher growth rates6 in the Middle East and Asia.5
The aviation sector is also fully aware of its responsibilitiestowards Europe’s citizens: protection of the environment,security and safety. It is meeting these challengessuccessfully and so enabling its continued contributionto European economic and societal well-being.ChallengesHowever, the industrial competition is becoming everfiercer from established, traditional rivals such as the USand even more so from new and strong challengers,notably Brazil, Canada, China, India and Russia. Regionssuch as the Middle East and Asia at large have emergedas strong competitors for air services and infrastructure.Authorities in these countries have understood thestrategic nature of aviation and support their industriesaccordingly, enhancing competition at all levels.Europe must succeed despite this increased competition.For that to happen, Europe must address three keychallenges: increase the level of technology investment,enhance its competitiveness in world air transportmarkets and accelerate the pace of policy integration.Technological leadership, the root of Europe’s current success,will continue to be the major competitive differentiator.Break-through technology will be required to securefuture competitive advantage, most notably in terms ofenergy, management of complexity and environmentalperformance. Substantial and sustained investment in thetechnologies of today and tomorrow is needed to guaranteethe future, as well as readiness to spin-in advances arisingfrom defence investment where appropriate.This is not only a matter of success but also of survival.Aviation will be as valuable for future Europeangenerations as it is for ours.OpportunityEurope must seize the opportunity of the expandingaviation market, and preserve its pre-eminent position toensure the continued success and economic contributionof its aviation industry in European and export markets.With its leading knowledge and manufacturingcapability, the European aviation industry is in a positionto define and shape a sustainable future.6Remaining competitive is also about the timely deliveryof competitive products and services. It is linked to acommon level playing field of government support,which requires policy action to redress distortions andfacilitate a favourable environment for innovation.Building on the vision7 for 2020, and the ensuing ACAREinitiative, this document lays out our vision for Europeanaviation to 2050. Today and even more so tomorrow, asafe and efficient Air Transport System, led by innovativetechnology, will be a vital vector for our economy, oursociety and the cohesion of Europe and the worldOur VisionThe European aviation community leads the worldin sustainable aviation products and services,meeting the needs of EU citizens and society.1Aeronautics and air transport comprises both: air vehicleand system technology, design and manufacture; and alsothe constituent parts of the overall air travel system (aircraft,airlines, general aviation, airports, air traffic management,and maintenance, repair and overhaul) as well as many nontransport applications of aircraft, such as search and rescue.For convenience this is collectively called Aviation in thisdocument2The economic and social benefits of air transport 2008, AirTransport Action Group (ATAG)3Delivering a bright future for European Aviation and Passengers. 5 year Strategic Plan 2010-2014. Association of European Airlines4Source: ASD Facts and Figures, 20095Source: Eurostat6Source: Airbus Global market forecast 2010-20297European Aeronautics: A Vision for 2020. Meeting society’sneeds and winning global leadership. Report Of The GroupOf Personalities, January 2001
European AviationVision 2050The EuropeanAviation Vision2050Highly ambitious goalsAviation serves the citizen, brings people together anddelivers goods through seamless, safe and secure, costeffective transport chains, adding value through speed,reliability and resilience in a global network, over anydistance, without negative effects on the environment.Aviation also contributes to society in other critical, nontransport areas such as emergency services, search andrescue, disaster relief and climate monitoring.Our Vision for the European aviation is extensive, holistic,highly ambitious and built on the parallel objectives of:Maintaining global leadership: Providing the best products and associatedservices in aeronautics and air transport Ensuring the competitiveness of Europeanindustry, supported by a strong research networkand balanced regulatory framework, in the faceof fierce competition from both established andemerging rivals Maximising the aviation sector’s economiccontribution and creating value: directly from aviation manufacturing, equipment,systems and services; indirectly by creating demand up the supply chain,involving SMEs and based on cutting-edge researchand education; catalytically by providing the connectivity neededby other globalised industries and trade. Attracting the best people and talents celebrating and publicising the success of thesector to create and sustain excitement around theEuropean Aviation Vision.Serving society’s needs Meeting societal and market needs for affordable,sustainable, reliable and seamless connectivity forpassengers and freight with sufficient capacity7
Supporting the integration and cohesion of theEuropean Union, its neighbours and partners Addressing societal needs with non-transportaerial applications enabled by new flight controltechnologies Protecting the environment and enabling theuse of sustainable energy and alternative energysources Ensuring complete and non-intrusive security Ensuring safety Providing opportunities for highly qualified andskilled jobs in Europe.next generation wide and narrow body commercialaircraft, executive aircraft, advanced rotorcraft of all typesincluding tilt-rotors, specialised aircraft (quiet shorttake-off and landing (QSTOL), regional, business) andremotely controlled unmanned aircraft systems (UASs).A proportion of these vehicles are pilotless and someare autonomous. Non-transport aviation missions haveincreased significantly and are undertaken by remotelycontrolled and autonomous vehicles, particularly wheremissions are simple and repetitive, dangerous or requirelong endurance.The following pages describe our Vision, in terms of howthe world will be, for European aviation in 2050.Within EuropeEuropean air transport in2050Global PositionIn 2050, the European air transport system is integratedin a complete logistical transport chain and part of a fullyinterconnected, global aviation system that is based ona multilateral regime rather than on a series of bilateralagreements. Interoperability between Europe andthe other regional components of the global networkis complete. Commercial air transport services areprovided mainly by airlines organised as a few globalalliances. Thanks to tight links between technologicaland regulatory approach, Europe has a global lead inthe implementation of international standards coveringall aviation issues, including interoperability, theenvironment, energy, security and safety. This leadershipensures that the global regulatory system enables marketaccess and free, fair and open competition.The European aviation market will be larger than in 2011.Within Europe the number of commercial flights8 is upto 25 million in 2050 compared to 9.4 million in 2011.Even with the advent of high-speed rail, the distanceinvolved means that air transport remains the only viabledirect way of connecting Europe’s regions. Even forshorter distances in some geographical areas, aviationsometimes offers the most efficient means of transport.Air transport is the principal way of convenientlysatisfying the growing demand for diffused, flexiblepoint-to-point connections. The number and qualityof aviation market services has increased significantlymainly because of passengers demand to plan andpredict their journeys in real time whilst at the same timestaying connected to work, relatives and friends.InnovationOutside Europe, the currently emerging economieshave developed and become established. Europe,along with the United States, is now one of severaleconomic powerhouses alongside Brazil, Russia, Indiaand China. Population and economic growth hasincreased the global volume of traffic markedly, toaround 16 billion passengers annually (compared to the2.5 billion passengers in 2011). The exploitation of thebest air mobility options - diverse routes, locations andflight levels - for passenger and freight transport avoidsairspace congestion and bottlenecks.Environmental protection has been and remains aprime driver in the development of air vehicles and newtransport infrastructure. In addition to continuouslyimproving fuel efficiency, the continued availability ofliquid fuels, their cost impact on the aviation sector andtheir impacts on the environment, has been addressedas part of an overall fuel strategy for all sectors.Aviation continues to exploit liquid fuels, prioritised byoperational and technology considerations. Producingliquid fuels and energy from sustainable biomass hasbecome an important part of the energy supply. A coordinated approach to fuel development is taken acrossthe sectors that are highly dependent on liquid hydrocarbon fuels: aviation; marine and heavy duty transportand is a key part of managing carbon dioxide emissionsfrom the transport sector as a whole.In 2050, the diversity of air vehicles operating in commonblocks of airspace is many-fold, including: a range ofDisruptive, step-change technologies have played anintegral part of the development process. European8
industry has introduced to the world market a completeset of new products and services including a real newgeneration of air vehicles and ever-more efficient,environmentally friendly and quiet engines. These areleading edge and recognised as reference products bythe whole aeronautics community. As a result of theseefforts society in 2050 considers that travel by air isenvironmentally friendly.Europe is recognised globally for the innovative conceptsrealised in its products and services driven by a vibrantand successful industry and enabled by efficient policies.Strong, coherent research networks and partnershipsbetween private and public actors drive Europeaninnovation and are enabled by strong public fundingand a range of globally-recognised, efficient instruments.InfrastructureThe ground infrastructure is in place for all types ofaviation, transport and non-transport, commercial andnon-commercial. It comprises major hubs, secondaryairports, vertiports and heliports, all of which areseamlessly connected within a multimodal transportsystem. Access to airports is facilitated by specialistvehicles. Traditional hub airports operate at highutilisation levels. Delays are mitigated by highly efficientoperations and through night operations enabled byultra-quiet aircraft. Congested airports are no longer abottleneck due to action taken by the Single EuropeanSky, SESAR, successor programmes, connections to otherATM systems worldwide and new aircraft concepts.efficient possible fuel consumption and emissions at thelowest possible cost.Infrastructure and services, operators, aircraft, airports,ground handlers and the military are integrated intothese global, interoperable networks provided by asmall number of organisations. These n
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2011 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport Flightpath 2050 Europe’s Vision for Aviation Maintaining Global Leadership & Serving Society’s Needs Report of the High Level Group on Aviation Research
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