Welcome To The 2016 Annual Report
HomeSectionsPrevious ReportsSite MapNTP SiteContact UsWelcome to the 2016 Annual t"The NTP serves a critical role for our nation. It provides a unique, consolidated venue fortoxicology research, testing, and analysis to occur." - Dr. Linda Birnbaum, NTP DirectorRead the 2016 Letter from the NTP Director.FY 2016 at a Glance Cell Phone RadiofrequencyRadiation Program NIEHS Celebrated 50 Yearsof Public Health Completed NTP ReportsMoreLearn About Us Mission and Goals Organizational Structureand Oversight Funding Program Contact InformationMoreScientific and PublicInput Opportunities Nominations NTP Board ofScientific Counselors SACATMMore1
Research and TestingLiterature Analysis Tox21 Noncancer Research Testing and ToxicologyStudies NICEATM Report onCarcinogensPartner Agency Research About NTP atNIEHS NTP at NIOSH NTP at NCTR ICCVAMMoreThe NTP Annual Report is produced by the NTP Office of Liaison, Policy, and Review. The text is not copyrighted and can bereprinted without permission. If you use parts of the Annual Report in a publication, please provide us a copy for our records. Wewelcome your comments and suggestions.Official Citation: National Toxicology Program. Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2016. Research Triangle Park, NC: NationalToxicology Program; 2017. Available from http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/annualreport/2016Director of Office of Liaison, Policy, and Review and Editor-in-Chief: Mary Wolfe Managing Editor: Rachel McIntosh-Kastrinsky2
2016 Annual Report - Letter from Directorhttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/807207Letter From the NIEHS and NTP DirectorIn fiscal year (FY) 2016, NTP continued to advance toxicology andinform public health policy by providing information about substancesin our environment to decision makers and the public. Numerousstudies were published on substances of public health concern, suchas viruses, metals, and widely used industrial chemicals. NTP alsodeveloped more efficient approaches to predict how chemicals mayaffect human health through the Tox21 initiative.NTP submitted the 14th Report on Carcinogens to the Health andHuman Services Secretary for review and approval in FY 2016. OnNovember 30, 2016, HHS Secretary Sylvia Burwell released the 14thReport on Carcinogens. The newly reviewed listings, includetrichloroethylene, five viruses, all listed as known to be a humancarcinogen; and the class cobalt and cobalt compounds that releasecobalt in vivo, listed as reasonably anticipated to be a humancarcinogen. There are a total of 248 substances listed in the report.In May 2016, NTP released preliminary study findings on cancer andcell phone radiofrequency radiation in rats. Previous humanobservational studies have found limited evidence for an increased riskof cancer from cell phone use. In these new studies, NTP scientistsfound low incidences of tumors in the brains and hearts of male rats,but not in female rats. These findings have been shared with federalregulatory partners to ensure they have the latest information availablefor public health guidance on cellular telephones and otherradiofrequency radiation emitting devices.Dr. Birnbaum has served as the Directorof the National Institute of EnvironmentalHealth Sciences (NIEHS) and theNational Toxicology Program (NTP) since2009. (Photo courtesy of Steve McCaw)I invite you to read this report to learn about what we accomplished inFY 2016 to safeguard public health by informing policy with the bestscience.Linda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S.3
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 GlanceFY 2016 at a GlanceCell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation ProgramNTP released preliminary findings on cancer and cell phone radiofrequency radiation in rats.NIEHS Celebrated 50 Years of Public HealthNIEHS celebrated 50 years of public health with commemorative activities throughout the year.Completed NTP ReportsNTP studies are published in NTP report series after undergoing peer review. NTP reports thathave been published in FY 2016, or are expected for peer review in FY 2017 are listed.Timeline of EventsHighlighted NTP activities in FY 2016.NTP Workshop Explores Challenges of Botanical Dietary Supplement SafetyNTP hosted workshop to discuss challenges of testing botanical dietary supplements.Workshop Held on Health Effects of Light at NightInternational panels of experts discuss how disruptions to circadian rhythms may affect health.4
NTP and Partners Launch Tox Testing ChallengeNTP in partnership with the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and theEnvironmental Protection Agency to launch the “Transform Tox Testing Challenge: Innovating forMetabolism.”NTP Partners with EPA to Reduce Animal Use for Pesticide TestingScientists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NTP Interagency Center forthe Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) conducted an analysis todetermine if acute oral toxicity data can be used to reliably assign EPA acute dermal hazardclassifications.14th Report on CarcinogensNTP submitted the 14th Report on Carcinogens to the Health and Human Services Secretary forreview in FY 2016.NTP Impact on Regulatory AgenciesFederal and state regulatory agencies use NTP study data and recommendations inconsidering the need to regulate and test specific chemicals to protect human health.Additional ActivitiesAdditional meetings with stakeholders and the scientific community in which NTP participated.PublicationsFull citations for NTP reports, journal publications, and book chapters published during FY 2016.5
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Cell Phone Studyhttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/810740Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation ProgramIn May 2016, NTP released preliminary study findings on cancerand cell phone radiofrequency radiation in rats. Previous humanobservational studies have found limited evidence for an increased riskof concern from cell phone use. In these new studies, NTP scientistsfound low incidences of tumors in the brains and hearts of male rats,but not in female rats. Mice studies are ongoing.The Food and Drug Administration nominated cell phoneradiofrequency radiation to the NTP for review in 2000. NTPconducted these studies in multiple phases to determine the correctfield strengths that would not raise animal body temperature and tostudy the toxicity and cancerous effects at different time periods.Animals were exposed to the two radiofrequency radiationtechnologies and frequencies widely used in the United States – CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile (GSM)communications.These findings have been shared with federal regulatory partners toensure they have the latest information available for public healthguidance on cellular telephones and other radiofrequency radiationemitting devices. The complete results from all the rat and micestudies are tentatively scheduled for peer review and public commentby the end of 2017.6
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - NIEHS 50th S Celebrated 50 Years of Public HealthNIEHS celebrated 50 years of environmental public health in FY 2016.Throughout FY 2016, NIEHS hosted events to celebrate andcommemorate the institute’s history and achievements. LindaBirnbaum, Ph.D., director of NIEHS and NTP, with input and help fromNIEHS staff, created and buried a time capsule with itemsrepresenting NIEHS’ work. Several organizations and companiespartnered with NIEHS to host seminars, workshops, and public forumsto honor NIEHS and to share information about environmental healthand the value of NIEHS’ research.In July 2016, the Society of Toxicology and NIEHS hosted a day-longsymposium, reflecting on the decades of collaboration and newopportunities to come in the future. During the symposium, Birnbaumlauded the important toxicology work conducted by the NTP over theyears. Birnbaum highlighted the establishment of NTP in 1978, NTP’s2004 roadmap for toxicology in the 21st century, and the 2016publication of the 14th Report on Carcinogens. Speakers commendedand thanked Birnbaum and John Bucher, Ph.D., associate director ofNTP, for their guidance and perseverance in helping to improvetoxicology research applications. The symposium ended with NigelWalker, Ph.D., NTP deputy division director for research, leading apanel discussion on advice for early-career scientists.7
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - NTP d NTP ReportsThe results of NTP studies undergo peer review and are published in NTP report series. Long-termtoxicology and carcinogenicity studies, generally two-years in length, are reported in the NTP TechnicalReport series. Toxicity reports are for shorter-term studies, generally up to 13 weeks. NTP ResearchReports provide results of peer-reviewed NTP research and literature-analysis activities that do not fallunder the scope of existing NTP report series, such as research studies, rapid communications, andliterature surveys. All peer reviewers are screened for conflict of interest prior to confirming their service.These reports are available on the NTP website and catalogued in PubMed.Technical Reports Published During FY 2016 Reporting Levels of Evidence ofCarcinogenic ActivityNTP technical reports published in FY 2016 are listed in the table below. NTP used established criteria toevaluate the findings and determine the strength of the evidence for conclusions regarding the carcinogenicactivity of each substance. The conclusions for level of evidence of carcinogenic activity are included in thetable. NTP anticipates three draft technical reports will undergo peer review in FY 2017, as listed in thesecond table hloroacetic TR-583Acid71133-14-7Green Tea ExtractTR-585N/APentabromodiphenylTR-589Ether Mixture [DE-7132534-81-9(Technical idence evidenceNutraceuticalsupplements andmedicinal usescontaining green teaextract are commonlyconsumed for weight Noloss. Green teaevidenceextracts are popularingredients insunblocks, creamrinses, and othercosmetics.NoevidenceNoevidenceFlame retardant infurniture materials.ClearevidenceUseMaleRatsForms when drinkingwater suppliescontaining naturalorganic matter aredisinfected withClearchlorine-containingoxidizing compounds evidenceand when bromide ispresent in the Clearevidence evidence8
Technical Reports Expected to Undergo Peer Review in FY 2017ChemicalTechnical ReportNumber/CASRN*Use2,3 ButanedioneTR-593431-03-8Artificial flavor formulations, such as cake mixes,flour, beer, wine, margarine, cheese, candy,crackers, cookies, ice cream, and many others foodand beverage -6Solvent used in paints and coatings, and as anindustrial intermediate in the productions of otherchemicals (e.g., herbicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals).Zinc, dietaryTR-5925263-02-5Used in wide range of industries including rubberproduction, animal feed supplement, fertilizeradditive, cosmetics, drugs, paint pigment, dentalcements, wood preservatives, batteries, galvanizingand metal work, textile production, televisionscreens, watches, and smoke bombs.Toxicity Reports Published During FY 2016NTP Toxicity Reports evaluate and characterize the toxicologic potential of a substance under studyconditions. NTP toxicity reports published in FY 2016 are listed in the table below.ChemicalToxicity lenyl-ethanoneTOX-9254464-57-2 (β-isomer)68155-67-9 (α-isomer)68155-66-8 (γ-isomer)Perfume ingredient in soap, shampoo, cologne,liquid detergent compounds, and 870-55-3Formed from chloramine-T, an antimicrobial agentused by the aquaculture industry to treat fishintended for human consumption. Chloramine-T isalso widely used as a disinfectant in the medical,dental, veterinary, food processing, and in component in turpentine and is used as afragrance and flavoring ingredient.Sodium thioglycolateTOX-80367-51-1Antioxidant, depilating agent, hairwaving/straightening agent, and reducing agentingredient in cosmetic industry.9
Research Reports Published During FY 2016The NTP research report series was launched in FY 2016 to promote transparency and reproducibility. Theseries also strengthens the science base and provide information useful for public health decision-makers.NTP research reports published in FY 2016 are listed in the table below.Report TitleResearch Report NumberSystematic Literature Review on the Effects ofFluoride on Learning and Memory in AnimalStudiesRR-01Organotin and Total Tin Levels in Danish Womenof Reproductive AgeRR-02*CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number10
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Timeline of Eventshttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/807054FY 2016 TimelineOctober 2015NTP Technical Report on Bromodichloroacetic AcidBromodichloroacetic acid occurs as a by-product of waterdisinfection. In October 2015, NTP released a technical reporton bromodichloroacetic acid (TR-583).December 2015NTP Board of Scientific Counselors MeetingAt the December Board of Scientific Counselors meeting,members reviewed the NTP Cellular and Molecular PathologyBranch, voted on a contract concept, and were updated on NTPmeetings and draft reports, such as the Report on Carcinogenspeer-review meeting on cobalt.January 2016Toxicity Testing Challenge LaunchedTo spur innovation and advance predictive toxicology, NTPpartnered with the NIH National Center for Advancing TranslationalSciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to launchthe Transform Tox Testing Challenge: Innovating for Metabolism.The goal of the challenge is to improve Tox21 bioassays byincorporating metabolism capabilities.January 2016ICCVAM Communities of Practice Webinar: PredictiveToxicologyThe second ICCVAM Communities of Practice webinar,Fundamentals of Using Quantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipModels and Read-across Techniques in Predictive Toxicology, washeld on January 26, 2016.11
February 2016NICEATM Workshop: In Vitro to In Vivo ExtrapolationNICEATM and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencypresented a webinar series from October 2015 through January2016 that was background for a workshop held on February 17-18,2016."February 2016NTP Technical Report on Pentabromodiphenyl EtherPentabromodiphenyl ether mixture [DE-71 (technical grade)] wasused in the past as an additive flame retardant, often in furniture.In February 2016, NTP released a technical report onpentabromodiphenyl ether mixture [DE-71 (technical grade)].March 2016Workshop on Health Effects of Light at NightIn March 2016, NTP hosted a workshop to obtain externalscientific input on strategies for integrating data, identifying datagaps and research needs on the potential health effects of light atnight.March 2016NTP Partners with EPA to Reduce Animal Use forPesticide TestingScientists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency andNICEATM conducted an analysis to determine if acute oraltoxicity data can be used to reliably assign EPA acute dermalhazard classifications.March 2016NICEATM Workshop: Acute Inhalation ToxicityNICEATM and the People for the Ethical Treatment of AnimalsInternational Science Consortium co-hosted a webinar serieson Alternative Approaches for Acute Inhalation Toxicity toAddress Global Regulatory and Non-regulatory DataRequirements.12
April 2016NTP Workshop Explores Challenges of Studying Hazardsof BotanicalsIn April 2016, NTP hosted a workshop to discuss currentknowledge about the safety of botanicals and what research gapsmay exist.April 2016NTP Board of Scientific Counselors MeetingAt the April 2016 Board of Scientific Counselors meeting,members reviewed two draft Report on Carcinogens concepts on(1) di- and tri-haloacetic acids found as water disinfection byproducts and(2) Helicobacter pylori (chronic infection).April 2016NTP Technical Report on Green Tea ExtractGreen Tea Extract is used in nutraceutical supplements for weightloss and as an ingredient in skincare products. In April 2016, NTPreleased a technical report on green tea extract.May 2016Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation ProgramIn May 2016, NTP released preliminary study findings on cancerand cell phone radiofrequency radiation in rats. In these newstudies, NTP scientists found low incidences of tumors in the brainsand hearts of male rats, but not in female rats.May 2016ICCVAM Public ForumICCVAM held its third public forum on May 25, 2016, at NIHin Bethesda, Maryland. The forum highlighted a proposal for aroadmap to replace animal use in U.S. safety testing.13
June 2016NTP Board of Scientific Counselors MeetingAt the June 2016 Board of Scientific Counselors meeting,members were updated on NTP research activities such asglyphosate research scoping, studies of synthetic turf, and othertopics.July 2016NIEHS Celebrates 50th AnniversaryNIEHS celebrated 50 years of environmental public health in FY2016. Throughout the year, NIEHS hosted events to celebrate andcommemorate the institute’s history and achievements.September 201614th Report on CarcinogensNTP submitted the 14th RoC to the Secretary, Department ofHealth and Human Services, for review and approval in FY 2016with recommendations for listing seven newly reviewed substances.September 2016SACATM MeetingScientific Advisory Committee on Alternative ToxicologicalMethods (SACATM) met on September 27, 2016, at NIEHS. Themeeting focused on a strategy for implementing the vision forregulatory toxicity testing in the 21st century.September 2016NTP Monograph on Perfluorooctanoic Acid andPerfluorooctane SulfonateIn FY 2016, NTP published the NTP Monograph onImmunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to PerfluorooctanoicAcid or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, the first evaluation using asystematic review approach.14
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Botanicals Workshophttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/810732NTP Workshop Explores Challenges of Botanical DietarySupplement SafetyBotanical dietary supplements, such as green tea extract and blackcohosh, are regularly used by Americans, but recent public concernhas raised questions about their safety. NTP is working to identify anyadverse health effects that may occur from taking botanicals.In April 2016, NTP hosted a workshop to discuss current knowledgeabout the safety of botanicals and what research gaps may exist. Theworkshop brought together representatives of federal agencies,industry, and research institutions to examine this issue. One of theissues the workshop reviewed was how a well-characterized referencebotanical may relate to its peers in the marketplace. NTP toxicologistCynthia Rider, Ph.D., presented case studies on Ginkgo biloba, blackcohosh extract, and Echinacea purpurea extract. The case studieshighlighted complex study issues, such as the number of botanicalsupplement constituents, the large fraction of constituents that maybe unidentified, and the multiple interactions that could occur betweenconstituents.The workshop helped highlight issues and considered paths forward inresearch. For more information on this workshop, go to the NTPworkshop website . NTP will continue its work on botanical dietarysupplements in FY 2017.15
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Light at Night p Held on Health Effects of Light at NightArtificial light at night disrupts many people’s circadian rhythm (orlight-dark cycles due to things like electronic device usage, urban lightpollution, and working at night (or night shift work. This disruption canalter biological processes that may result in adverse health outcomes.NTP’s Office of the Report on Carcinogens and Office of HealthAssessment and Translation plan to conduct health hazardassessments to review cancer and noncancer outcomes.In March 2016, NTP hosted a workshop to obtain externalscientific input on strategies for integrating data across evidencestreams and exposure scenarios, data gaps, and research needs.The workshop considered circadian disruptions from:Exposure to light at night, including use of electronic devices atnight and urban light pollution.The complex scenario of shift work, which can involveinterruptions in light-dark cycles and changes in sleep patterns.Changes in the timing of exposures to natural light, including jetlag.Participants helped define the scope of the literature-basedevaluations, including defining the topic, identifying the most relevanttypes of studies, and selecting approaches to synthesize acrossstudies. Participants noted it is important to define circadian rhythmbefore scientists can address circadian disruptions, especially whenconsidering seasonality. Participants also remarked on the need toaddress the different study designs in published papers, such as thetype of light used and a species’ sensitivity to light.NTP is using the input from the workshop to guide the cancer andnoncancer health assessments. More information on the healthassessment can be found on the Report on Carcinogens SubstancesSelected for Evaluation page .16
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Tox Testing Challengehttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/810749NTP and Partners Launch Tox Testing ChallengeTo spur innovation and advance predictive toxicology, NTP partneredwith the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences andthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to launch the “TransformTox Testing Challenge: Innovating for Metabolism.” In many chemicalsshown to have toxicity, the toxicity mechanism results from thechemical breaking down during metabolism into more reactivemetabolites (similar chemical structures. The goal of the challenge isto improve Tox21 bioassays by incorporating metabolism capabilities.The three-stage challenge issued in January 2016 offered to provideup to 1 million in total prizes for modifications to existing highthroughput screening (HTS assays that allow both chemicals and theirmetabolites to be evaluated. Stage 1 of the challenge askedparticipants to submit concepts on how to integrate metabolism intoTox21 assays. The Stage 1 winners were asked to present theirconcepts at a workshop hosted by the challenge partners in July 2016.During the workshop, challenge partners and participants discussedthe concepts and how to turn the concepts into prototypes for Stage 2of the Challenge.In September 2016, challenge partners launched Stage 2 , whereparticipants were asked to create a prototype and produce proof-ofconcept data. During Spring 2017, partners will review the Stage 2 dataand announce the winners that will move on to Stage 3 of thechallenge. In Stage 3, participants will demonstrate a standardizemethod for incorporating metabolism into Tox21 bioassays.17
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - NICEATM Pesticide Testinghttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/810798NTP Partners with EPA to Reduce Animal Use forPesticide TestingScientists at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NTPInteragency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative ToxicologicalMethods (NICEATM) conducted an analysis to determine if acuteoral toxicity data can be used to reliably assign EPA acute dermalhazard classifications. The analysis was the basis for a draft guidancedocument issued by EPA in March 2016. The draft guidance provides arationale for waiving all acute dermal toxicity studies for pesticideformulations. This waiver is expected to reduce animal use for acutetoxicity testing by at least 2,500 animals per year.Acute dermal toxicity tests, which assess the likelihood that a chemicalwill cause illness when absorbed through the skin, are used by theEPA to determine labeling and personal protective equipmentrequirements for users of pesticides. The guidance on acute toxicitytesting will be finalized in FY 2017, and is part of a broader effort byEPA to significantly reduce animal use for acute effects testing.18
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - 14th RoChttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/80703514th Report on CarcinogensNTP submitted the 14th Report on Carcinogens (RoC) to the Healthand Human Services (HHS) Secretary for review and approval in FY2016 and HHS released the 14th RoC on November 3, 2016. Thiscumulative report contains 248 listings, of which seven were newlyreviewed.The chemical trichloroethylene (TCE), and the metallic element cobaltand cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo, wererecommended to be added to the list, as well as five viruses that havebeen linked to cancer in humans. The five viruses include humanimmunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type1, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, andMerkel cell polyomavirus.Newly Listed SubstancesSubstanceListing StatusDescriptionHumanimmunodeficiency virustype 1 (HIV-1)Known to be a humancarcinogenVirusHuman T-celllymphotropic virus type1 (HTLV-1)Known to be a humancarcinogenVirusEpstein-Barr virus(EBV)Known to be a humancarcinogenVirusKaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus(KSHV)Known to be a humancarcinogenVirusMerkel cellpolyomavrius (MCV)Known to be a humancarcinogenVirusTrichloroethylene (TCE)Known to be a humancarcinogenIndustrialsolventCobalt and cobaltcompounds thatrelease cobalt ion invivoReasonablyanticipated to be ahuman carcinogenA metal and itscompoundsThe Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated reportprepared for the HHS Secretary by NTP. The report identifies manydifferent types of environmental factors, collectively called substances,19
including chemicals; infectious agents, such as viruses; physicalagents, such as X-rays and ultraviolet radiation; mixtures of chemicals;and exposure scenarios in two categories — known to be a humancarcinogen and reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Thenew report is available at https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc14.It’s important to note that a listing in the report indicates a cancerhazard, but does not by itself mean that a substance or a virus willcause cancer. Many factors, including an individual’s susceptibility to asubstance, and the amount and duration of exposure, can affectwhether a person will develop cancer. In the case of viruses, aweakened immune system may also be a contributing factor. Peopleshould talk to their health care providers about decreasing their cancerrisk from viruses.The Report on Carcinogens, 14th Edition, is prepared by the NationalToxicology Program (NTP). NTP is a federal, interagency program,headquartered at the NIEHS, whose goal is to safeguard the public byidentifying substances in the environment that may affect humanhealth. For more information about NTP and its programs,visit https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov.20
2016 Annual Report - FY 2016 Glance - Regulatory Impacthttps://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/807005NTP Impact on Regulatory AgenciesFederal and state regulatory agencies use NTP study data and recommendations in considering the need toregulate and test specific chemicals to protect human health. Below is a table highlighting the NTP data andrecommendations used by other agencies in FY 2016. A full listing is also available on the NTP website.Use of NTP Study Data or Recommendations by Federal and State Regulatory Agencies in FY 2016NoticeSummary of NoticeNTP Information CitedChemical listed effectiveAugust 5, 2016, asknown to the state ofCalifornia to causecancer: 1-bromopropaneEffective August 5, 2016, the Officeof Environmental Health HazardAssessment is adding 1bromopropane (CASRN* 106-94-5)to the list of chemicals known to thestate to cause cancer for purposesof Proposition 65.National Toxicology Program (NTP,2011). National Toxicology Program.Toxicology and CarcinogenesisStudies of 1 Bromopropane (CASRN106-94-5) in F344/N Rats andB6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).Technical Report Series No. 564. NIHPublication No. 11-5906. U.S.Department of Health and HumanServices, NTP, Research TrianglePark, NC.August 05, 2016 -- Proposition 65Chemical listed effectiveJuly 29, 2016 as knownto the state of Californiato cause cancer:bromodichloroacetic acidEffective July 29, 2016, Office ofEnvironmental Health HazardAssessment is addingbromodichloroacetic acid (CASRN*71133-14-7) to the list of chemicalsknown to the state to cause cancerfor purposes of Proposition 65.July 29, 2016 -- Proposition 65Chemical listed effectiveApril 22, 2016 as knownto the state of Californiato cause cancer: styreneEffective April 22, 2016, Office ofEnvironmental Health HazardAssessment is adding styrene(CASRN* 100-42-5) to the list ofchemicals known to the state tocause cancer for purposes of theSafe Drinking Water and ToxicEnforcement Act of 1986(Proposition 65). The listing ofstyrene is based on formalidentification by the NationalToxicology Program, an authoritativebody, that the chemical causesNational Toxicology Program (NTP,2015). Toxicology Studies ofBromodichloroacetic Acid (CASRN71133-14-7) in F344/N Rats andB6C3F1 Mice and Toxicology andCarcinogenesis Studies ofBromodichloroacetic Acid inF344/NTac Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice(Drinking Water Studies). NTPTechnical Report Series No. 583. USDepartment of Health and HumanServices, NTP, Research TrianglePark, NC.National Toxicology Program (NTP,2011). Report on Carcinogens,Twelfth Edition, US Department ofHealth and Human Services, PublicHealth Service, NTP, ResearchTriangle Park, North Carolina, page383-391.21
cancer. The criteria used by Office ofEnvironmental Health HazardAssessment for the listing ofchemicals under the “authoritativebodies” mechanism can be found inTitle 27, Cal. Code of Regs., section25306.April 22, 2016 -- Proposition 65Final Rule: diflubenzuron;pesticide tolerancesThrough this regulation the U.S.Environmental Protection Agencyestablishes tolerances for residuesof diflubenzu
screens, watches, and smoke bombs. Toxicity Reports Published During FY 2016 NTP Toxicity Reports evaluate and characterize the toxicologic potential of a substance under study conditions. NTP toxicity reports published in FY 2016 are listed in the table below. Chemical Toxicity Report
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
