Essentials Of Human Anatomy And Physiology, 11e, (Marieb .
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology Revised 11th Edition Marieb Test BankFull Download: rieb-test-Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e, (Marieb)Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues3.1 Multiple Choice Part I QuestionsUsing Figure 3.1, match the following:1) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is .A) Label AB) Label BC) Label CD) Label DE) Label EAnswer: BPage Ref: 113-114Bloom's: 1) Knowledge1 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.Full download all chapters instantly please go to Solutions Manual, Test Bank site: TestBankLive.com
2) The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is .A) Label AB) Label BC) Label CD) Label DE) Label EAnswer: EPage Ref: 121-122Bloom's: 1) Knowledge3) The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is .A) Label AB) Label BC) Label CD) Label DE) Label EAnswer: DPage Ref: 115Bloom's: 1) Knowledge4) The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is .A) Label AB) Label BC) Label CD) Label DE) Label EAnswer: APage Ref: 114Bloom's: 1) Knowledge5) The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is .A) Label AB) Label BC) Label CD) Label DE) Label EAnswer: CPage Ref: 122Bloom's: 1) Knowledge2 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
6) Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the .A) nucleolusB) cytoplasmC) interstitial fluidD) extracellular fluidAnswer: BPage Ref: 88, 90-115Bloom's: 1) Knowledge7) The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called.A) organellesB) ciliaC) flagellaD) microvilliAnswer: APage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge8) , a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from beingpulled apart.A) Tight junctionsB) Gap junctionsC) DesmosomesD) CytoplasmAnswer: CPage Ref: 90Bloom's: 1) Knowledge9) The phospholipid tails are , which make the plasma membrane impermeable towater.A) water-lovingB) hydrophilicC) polarD) hydrophobicAnswer: DPage Ref: 89Bloom's: 1) Knowledge10) The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the .A) Golgi apparatusB) mitochondrionC) rough endoplasmic reticulumD) lysosomeAnswer: BPage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge3 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
11) The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called.A) gap junctionsB) tight junctionsC) desmosomesD) microvilliAnswer: BPage Ref: 90Bloom's: 1) Knowledge12) The is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.A) mitochondrionB) cytoskeletonC) rough endoplasmic reticulumD) Golgi apparatusAnswer: BPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) Knowledge13) The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is .A) facilitated diffusionB) endocytosisC) solute pumpingD) osmosisAnswer: DPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 1) Knowledge14) The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the fluid.A) interstitialB) intracellularC) extracellularD) nuclearAnswer: BPage Ref: 100Bloom's: 1) Knowledge15) The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradientis a type of process.A) activeB) passiveC) diffusionD) filtrationAnswer: APage Ref: 102Bloom's: 1) Knowledge4 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
16) The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs withwhile cytosine pairs with .A) adenine; cytosineB) uracil; guanineC) thymine; guanineD) guanine; thymineAnswer: CPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge17) In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is .A) mitosisB) interphaseC) cytokinesisD) meiosisAnswer: CPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge18) The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is.A) anaphaseB) interphaseC) metaphaseD) telophaseAnswer: BPage Ref: 105Bloom's: 1) Knowledge19) The purpose of is to produce two genetically identical cells.A) interphaseB) cell divisionC) DNA replicationD) protein synthesisAnswer: BPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge5 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
20) The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain iscalled a(n) .A) codonB) geneC) anticodonD) amino acidAnswer: BPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge21) The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are and .A) transcription; translationB) replication; mitosisC) mitosis; cytokinesisD) transcription; replicationAnswer: APage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge22) Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as .A) organsB) organ systemsC) tissuesD) atomsAnswer: CPage Ref: 111Bloom's: 1) Knowledge23) Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the surface.A) basementB) apicalC) matrixD) attachedAnswer: BPage Ref: 112Bloom's: 1) Knowledge24) The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is tissue.A) epithelialB) connectiveC) muscleD) nervousAnswer: BPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge6 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
25) glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.A) EndocrineB) AdrenalC) ThyroidD) ExocrineAnswer: DPage Ref: 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge26) The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the smallintestines is .A) simple columnarB) simple cuboidalC) pseudostratified columnarD) simple squamousAnswer: APage Ref: 114Bloom's: 1) Knowledge27) The cell type found in nervous tissue is the .A) fibroblastB) osteocyteC) neuronD) chondrocyteAnswer: CPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge28) tissue is commonly called fat.A) AdiposeB) BoneC) ReticularD) Dense fibrousAnswer: APage Ref: 121Bloom's: 1) Knowledge29) muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells.A) SmoothB) CardiacC) SkeletalD) Dense regularAnswer: APage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge7 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
30) Many layers of flattened cells should be termed epithelial tissue.A) stratified columnarB) stratified squamousC) pseudostratified columnarD) simple squamousAnswer: BPage Ref: 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge31)The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) solution.A) hypertonicB) hypotonicC) isotonicD) equilibriumAnswer: BPage Ref: 108Bloom's: 3) Application8 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
3.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions1) The structural and functional unit of all living things is the .A) nucleusB) elementC) cytoplasmD) cellE) organelleAnswer: DPage Ref: 86Bloom's: 1) Knowledge2) Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?A) The biochemical activities of cells depends on the number of their subcellular structures.B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities.E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.Answer: BPage Ref: 87Bloom's: 1) Knowledge3) What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasmamembrane?A) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid tailsB) phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tailsC) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid headD) phospholipid tail, phospholipid head, phospholipid tailE) phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tailsAnswer: CPage Ref: 89Bloom's: 1) Knowledge4) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?A) nuclear envelopeB) nucleolusC) Golgi apparatusD) chromatinE) nuclear poresAnswer: CPage Ref: 88Bloom's: 1) Knowledge9 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
5) Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctionsknown as .A) desmosomesB) gap junctionsC) inclusionsD) microvilliE) tight junctionsAnswer: BPage Ref: 90Bloom's: 1) Knowledge6) The three major components of the cytoplasm are the .A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusionsB) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoliC) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoliD) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoliE) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomesAnswer: APage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge7) Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?A) mitochondrionB) Golgi apparatusC) flagellumD) rough endoplasmic reticulumE) peroxisomeAnswer: CPage Ref: 95Bloom's: 1) Knowledge8) The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the.A) mitochondrionB) Golgi apparatusC) cytoskeletonD) peroxisomeE) smooth endoplasmic reticulumAnswer: BPage Ref: 92Bloom's: 1) Knowledge10 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
9) The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgiapparatus is the .A) Golgi apparatusB) lysosomeC) peroxisomeD) ribosomeE) rough endoplasmic reticulumAnswer: BPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) Knowledge10) The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lowerpressure area is called .A) active transportB) bulk transportC) osmosisD) diffusionE) filtrationAnswer: EPage Ref: 102Bloom's: 1) Knowledge11) Passive processes that move substances across membranes .A) utilize ATPB) employ protein pumpsC) transport substances against their concentration gradientsD) require no ATPE) include exocytosis and endocytosisAnswer: DPage Ref: 100Bloom's: 2) Comprehension12) Osmosis transports water across membranes using .A) ATPB) solute pumpingC) aquaporinsD) sodium-potassium pumpE) vesiclesAnswer: CPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 2) Comprehension11 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
13) What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?A) ATPB) protein carrier or channelC) lysosomesD) aquaporinsE) solute pumpsAnswer: BPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 2) Comprehension14) What is required for diffusion to occur?A) protein carrier or channelB) concentration gradientC) ATPD) solute pumpE) ribosomesAnswer: BPage Ref: 100-101Bloom's: 4) Analysis15) Two types of endocytosis are .A) cellular secretion and solute pumpingB) solute pumping and active transportC) active transport and phagocytosisD) phagocytosis and pinocytosisE) pinocytosis and passive transportAnswer: DPage Ref: 103Bloom's: 1) Knowledge16) A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is .A) hypotonicB) hypertonicC) intravenousD) isotonicE) Ringer's lactateAnswer: APage Ref: 108Bloom's: 2) Comprehension12 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
17) Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?A) carbon dioxideB) waterC) oxygenD) fat-soluble vitaminsE) glucoseAnswer: EPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 2) Comprehension18) Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumpingB) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transportC) vesicular transport and osmosisD) osmosis and filtrationE) filtration and exocytosisAnswer: APage Ref: 101-103Bloom's: 2) Comprehension19) A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, thatcell will .A) shrinkB) plumpC) bloatD) ruptureE) lyseAnswer: APage Ref: 108Bloom's: 3) Application20) The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as.A) interphaseB) mitosisC) metaphaseD) prophaseE) cytokinesisAnswer: APage Ref: 105Bloom's: 1) Knowledge13 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
21) The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is.A) ATPB) messenger RNA (mRNA)C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)D) DNAE) transfer RNA (tRNA)Answer: EPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge22) The correct order of phases of the mitosis is .A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseB) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphaseC) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophaseD) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophaseE) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseAnswer: EPage Ref: 106-107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge23) The process of transcription .A) produces ATP from glucose and oxygenB) transfers information from DNA into mRNAC) occurs in the cytoplasm of the cellD) creates proteins from mRNAE) translates nucleic acids into amino acidsAnswer: BPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge24) Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called .A) anticodonsB) deoxyribose sugarsC) codonsD) ribosomesE) amino acidsAnswer: CPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge14 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
25) The two major phases of protein synthesis are .A) transcription and replicationB) mitosis and interphaseC) replication and translationD) transcription and translationE) synthesis and cytokinesisAnswer: DPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge26) Which of the following represents a segment of RNA?A) AUGUCAB) ATGCTAC) TGCGTTD) CTGTGGE) GTCATAAnswer: APage Ref: 109, 111Bloom's: 2) Comprehension27) DNA replication takes place during .A) interphaseB) prophaseC) metaphaseD) anaphaseE) telophaseAnswer: APage Ref: 105Bloom's: 1) Knowledge28) During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed moleculeof RNA?A) thymineB) adenineC) uracilD) cytosineE) guanineAnswer: CPage Ref: 105-106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge15 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
29) If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence ofbases on its complementary DNA strand would be .A) CAU-CGUB) CAT-CGTC) GAU-GCUD) GAT-GCTE) ACG-ATTAnswer: BPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 2) Comprehension30) A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as .A) simple squamous epitheliumB) simple columnar epitheliumC) simple cuboidal epitheliumD) stratified squamous epitheliumE) transitional epitheliumAnswer: APage Ref: 112Bloom's: 2) Comprehension31) Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?A) epithelial tissueB) muscle tissueC) nervous tissueD) connective tissueE) dense tissueAnswer: CPage Ref: 123-124Bloom's: 1) Knowledge32) Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?A) boneB) cartilageC) bloodD) skeletal muscleE) adiposeAnswer: DPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 3) Application16 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
33) Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra wherestretching occurs?A) simple cuboidal epitheliumB) stratified squamous epitheliumC) simple squamous epitheliumD) pseudostratified columnar epitheliumE) transitional epitheliumAnswer: EPage Ref: 113, 115, 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge34) The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called.A) epithelial tissueB) connective tissueC) nervous tissueD) muscle tissueE) brain tissueAnswer: BPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge35) Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?A) pseudostratified columnar epitheliumB) simple squamous epitheliumC) simple columnar epitheliumD) simple cuboidal epitheliumE) stratified squamous epitheliumAnswer: EPage Ref: 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge36) Bone is best described as .A) dense connective tissueB) epithelial tissueC) adipose tissueD) areolar tissueE) osseous tissueAnswer: EPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge17 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
37) Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bonemarrow.A) adipose tissueB) dense connective tissueC) areolar tissueD) reticular connective tissueE) osseous tissueAnswer: DPage Ref: 120, 121Bloom's: 1) Knowledge38) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather thanthrough ducts are classified as .A) exocrineB) endocrineC) sebaceousD) ceruminousE) sudoriferousAnswer: BPage Ref: 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge39) Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?A) movement is involuntary and cells possess striationsB) attached to the skeletonC) movement is voluntary and cells possess striationsD) single nucleus and spindle-shaped cellsE) multinucleate and long, cylindrical cellsAnswer: APage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge40) The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in thewalls of blood vessels is .A) cardiac muscleB) skeletal muscleC) smooth muscleD) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscleE) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscleAnswer: CPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge18 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
41) The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is .A) adiposeB) cartilageC) boneD) bloodE) areolarAnswer: BPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 2) Comprehension42) Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement processknown as .A) inflammationB) regenerationC) fibrosisD) scarringE) clottingAnswer: BPage Ref: 125Bloom's: 1) Knowledge43) Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are .A) tight junctionsB) phagocytesC) gap junctionsD) signet ring cellsE) desmosomesAnswer: CPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge44) Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured.A) muscle tissueB) loose connective tissueC) epithelial tissueD) dense connective tissueE) nervous tissueAnswer: DPage Ref: 120Bloom's: 3) Application19 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
45) Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cellstructure must these cells have in order to be mobile?A) ribosomesB) smooth ERC) flagellaD) peroxisomesE) cytoplasmAnswer: CPage Ref: 95Bloom's: 3) Application46) Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?A) bloodB) scar tissueC) transitional epitheliumD) pseudostratified columnar epitheliumE) simple cuboidal epitheliumAnswer: BPage Ref: 125Bloom's: 1) Knowledge47) Which type of connective tissue is avascular?A) adiposeB) boneC) cartilageD) areolarE) reticularAnswer: CPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge48) A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division.Which phase is directly affected?A) prophaseB) telophaseC) anaphaseD) metaphaseE) interphaseAnswer: APage Ref: 106Bloom's: 3) Application20 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
49) Neurons and neuroglia are components of .A) epithelial tissueB) connective tissueC) nervous tissueD) muscle tissueE) granulation tissueAnswer: CPage Ref: 123-124Bloom's: 1) Knowledge50) Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the holloworgans of the body?A) skeletal muscle tissueB) transitional epitheliumC) cardiac muscle tissueD) nervous tissueE) smooth muscle tissueAnswer: EPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 2) Comprehension51)The tissue shown in Figure 3.3 most likely .A) contracts to produce movementB) transmits electrochemical impulsesC) covers and lines body surfacesD) stores fatE) contains a matrixAnswer: CPage Ref: 98, 112, 115Bloom's: 2) Comprehension21 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
3.3 True/False Questions1) Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 88Bloom's: 1) Knowledge2) Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 89Bloom's: 1) Knowledge3) Protein synthesis occurs on lysosomes in the cell.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge4) The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 100-101Bloom's: 1) Knowledge5) Osmosis is the process of water moving down the concentration gradient.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 1) Knowledge6) Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) Knowledge7) Sperm are the only cells in the human body to possess cilia.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 95Bloom's: 1) Knowledge8) Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge9) Anaphase is the stage of cell division when the cleavage furrow first appears.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge22 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
10) Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge11) Translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA moleculeis synthesized from a DNA template.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge12) Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelial cells.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 112Bloom's: 1) Knowledge13) Epithelial tissues are often well vascularized and contain an extracellular matrix.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 112Bloom's: 2) Comprehension14) The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubberymatrix.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge15) Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 123, 124Bloom's: 1) Knowledge23 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
3.4 Matching QuestionsMatch the following:A) site of protein synthesisB) synthesizes cholesterol and fatC) cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteinsD) cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surfaceE) internal framework composed of a network of protein structuresF) packages substances for release from cellG) site of ATP synthesisH) genetic control center of the cellI) increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorptionJ) site of intracellular digestion1) CiliaPage Ref: 95Bloom's: 1) Knowledge2) MitochondriaPage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge3) RibosomesPage Ref: 91Bloom's: 1) Knowledge4) MicrotubulesPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) Knowledge5) CytoskeletonPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) Knowledge6) Golgi apparatusPage Ref: 92Bloom's: 1) Knowledge7) NucleusPage Ref: 88Bloom's: 1) Knowledge8) MicrovilliPage Ref: 95Bloom's: 1) Knowledge24 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
9) Smooth ERPage Ref: 92Bloom's: 1) Knowledge10) LysosomesPage Ref: 94Bloom's: 1) KnowledgeAnswers: 1) D 2) G 3) A 4) C 5) E 6) F 7) H 8) I 9) B 10) J25 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
Match the following:A) prophaseB) anaphaseC) metaphaseD) telophase11) Cytokinesis is completedPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge12) Centrioles separate and move toward opposite sides of the cellPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge13) Chromosomes cluster and align at the center of the spindlePage Ref: 106-107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge14) Nucleoli appear in each daughter cellPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge15) Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cellPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge16) Chromosomes align at the metaphase platePage Ref: 106-107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge17) Spindle breaks down and disappearsPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) Knowledge18) Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappearPage Ref: 106Bloom's: 1) Knowledge19) Cleavage furrow squeezes the cell into two partsPage Ref: 107Bloom's: 1) KnowledgeAnswers: 11) D 12) A 13) C 14) D 15) B 16) C 17) D 18) A 19) D26 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
Match the following:A) Solute pumpingB) OsmosisC) EndocytosisD) Diffusion20) Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membraneusing ATPPage Ref: 102Bloom's: 1) Knowledge21) Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporinsPage Ref: 101Bloom's: 1) Knowledge22) Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down aconcentration gradientPage Ref: 100-101Bloom's: 1) Knowledge23) Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis orpinocytosisPage Ref: 103-104Bloom's: 1) KnowledgeAnswers: 20) A 21) B 22) D 23) C27 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
Match the following:A) connective tissueB) nervous tissueC) muscle tissueD) epithelial tissue24) Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membranePage Ref: 112Bloom's: 1) Knowledge25) Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrixPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge26) Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movementPage Ref: 121Bloom's: 1) Knowledge27) Type of tissue that can be simple or stratifiedPage Ref: 112Bloom's: 1) Knowledge28) Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cordPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge29) Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntaryPage Ref: 121, 123Bloom's: 1) Knowledge30) Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibersPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge31) Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ductsPage Ref: 113, 116Bloom's: 1) Knowledge32) Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues togetherPage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge33) Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or densePage Ref: 117Bloom's: 1) Knowledge28 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
34) Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivityPage Ref: 123Bloom's: 1) KnowledgeAnswers: 24) D 25) A 26) C 27) D 28) B 29) C 30) A 31) D 32) A 33) A 34) B3.5 Essay Questions1) Drinking too much water over a short period of time can disrupt the electrolyte balance in thebody (called water intoxication or hypotonic hydration). Explain how cells respond to anenvironment with less solutes than their intracellular fluid.Answer: This solution is hypotonic to the cells since it contains less solutes than the body's cells.In these solutions, cells rapidly swell and fill with water in an attempt to reach equilibrium. Cellsmay also burst, or lyse.Page Ref: 108Bloom's: 3) Application2) List the three main regions of the cells in the human body. Describe the main functions ofeach region.Answer:1. Nucleus. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the genetic material of thecell called DNA. DNA also has the instructions for building proteins.2. Plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is a barrier around the cell's contents and separatesit from the surrounding environment. Most of the proteins embedded in the plasma membranefunction in the transport of substances across the membrane.3. Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is a semi-fluid medium that includes the cytosol, organelles, andinclusions. Each organelle performs a specific function for the cell.Page Ref: 87-89Bloom's: 2) Comprehension3) Explain the difference between filtration and osmosis.Answer: Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane byfluid (hydrostatic pressure). Hydrostatic pressure is exerted by the blood. By contrast, osmosis isa type of diffusion in which water moves across a membrane through aquaporins. Duringosmosis, water moves down its concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium.Page Ref: 100-102Bloom's: 2) Comprehension4) Distinguish between the roles of the ribosome, found freely floating in the cytoplasm, and theribosomes found attached to membranes, such as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).Answer: Ribosomes function in protein synthesis. Freely floating ribosomes make proteins foruse in the cytoplasm of a cell while ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)make proteins that are transported out of the cell. Proteins travel through the membranes of therough ER in preparation for export in transport vesicles released by the Golgi apparatus.Page Ref: 91Bloom's: 4) Analysis29 2015 Pearson Education, Limited.
5) List the three different types of RNA and identify their functions.Answer:1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the "message" containing instructions for protein synthesisfrom the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of the "ribosomal" structure and helps coordinate theprotein building process.3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports an amino acid to the ribosomal site and recognizes themRNA codons.Page Ref: 109Bloom's: 1) Knowledge6) Discuss the three steps in protein synthesis.Answer:1. Uncoiling of DNA—the DNA segment or gene that specifies one polypeptide or proteinuncoils.2. Transcription (DNA-directed synthesis of mRNA)—one strand of DNA acts as a template forthe synthesis of the complementary mRNA molecule, and there is a transfer of information fromthe DNA's base sequence (cod.Einto the complementary base sequence of mRNA (codon).3. Translation (RNA-directed synthesis of a polypeptide or protein) involves five steps. First,mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. Second, tRNA (anticodon) transports anamino acid to the mRNA strand and recognizes a mRNA molecule (codon). Third, the codon andthe anticodon bind. Fourth, the ribosome moves the mRNA strand along as each codon is readsequentially. Finally, as each amino acid is bound to the next by a polypeptide bond, its tRNA isreleased. The polypeptide or protein chain is released when the termination (stop) codon is read.Page Ref: 109Bloom's: 2) Comprehension7) Discuss the four stages of mitosis.Answer:1. Prophase—chromatin threads coil and shorten so that visible bar-like bodies, calledchromosomes, appear. Each chromosome is made up of two strands, called chromatids, whichare held together by a centromere. Additionally, the centrioles separate and move towardopposite sides of the cell, directing the assembly of the mitotic spindle (composed ofmicrotubules) between them as they move.2. Metaphase—the chromosomes cluster and align in the center of the spindle, midway betweenthe centrioles, forming a straight line of chromosomes.3. Anaphase—the centromeres split and the chromosomes move slowly apart toward oppositeends of the cell. A cleavage furrow appears over the midline of the spindle and eventuallypinches the cytoplasmic mass into two parts in a process called cytokinesis.4. Telophase—the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and their movement ends, andthey then uncoil and become chromatin again. A nuclear membrane
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e, (Marieb) Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues 3.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions Using Figure 3.1, match the following: 1) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is _. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E)
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