Piperalin: Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) US .
United StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgencyPrevention, PesticidesAnd Toxic Substances(7508W)EPA 738-R-94-033September 1994ReregistrationEligibility Decision (RED)Piperalin
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYWASHINGTON, D.C. 20460OFFICE OFPREVENTION, PESTICIDESAND TOXIC SUBSTANCESCERTIFIED MAILDear Registrant:I am pleased to announce that the Environmental Protection Agency has completed itsreregistration eligibility review and decisions on the pesticide chemical case Piperalin whichincludes the active ingredient 3-(2-Methylpiperidino)propyl 3,4-dichlorobenzoate. Theenclosed Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) contains the Agency's evaluation of thedata base of this chemical, its conclusions of the potential human health and environmentalrisks of the current product uses, and its decisions and conditions under which these uses andproducts will be eligible for reregistration. The RED includes the data and labelingrequirements for products for reregistration. It may also include requirements for additionaldata (generic) on the active ingredient to confirm the risk assessments.To assist you with a proper response, read the enclosed document entitled "Summaryof Instructions for Responding to the RED". This summary also refers to other encloseddocuments which include further instructions. You must follow all instructions and submitcomplete and timely responses. The first set of required responses are due 90 days fromthe date of this letter. The second set of required responses are due 8 months from thedate of this letter. Complete and timely responses will avoid the Agency taking theenforcement action of suspension against your products.If you have questions on the product specific data requirements, the required genericdata, or wish to meet with the Agency, please contact the Special Review and ReregistrationDivision representative, C.P. Moran at (703) 308-8590.Sincerely yours,Louis P. True, Jr., Acting DirectorSpecial Reviewand Reregistration DivisionEnclosures
SUMMARY OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR RESPONDING TOTHE REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISION (RED)1. DATA CALL-IN (DCI) OR "90-DAY RESPONSE"--If generic data are required forreregistration, a DCI letter will be enclosed describing such data. If product specific dataare required, another DCI letter will be enclosed listing such requirements. If both genericand product specific data are required, a combined Generic and Product Specific letter willbe enclosed describing such data. Complete the two response forms provided with each DCIletter (or four forms for the combined) by following the instructions provided. You mustsubmit the response forms for each product and for each DCI within 90 days of the dateof this letter (RED issuance date); otherwise, your product may be suspended.2. TIME EXTENSIONS AND DATA WAIVER REQUESTS--No time extension requestswill be granted for the 90-day response. Time extension requests may be submitted only withrespect to actual data submissions. Requests for data waivers must be submitted as part of the90-day response. Requests for time extensions should be submitted in the 90-day response,but certainly no later than the 8-month response date. All data waiver and time extensionrequests must be accompanied by a full justification. All waivers and time extensions must begranted by EPA in order to go into effect.3. APPLICATION FOR REREGISTRATION OR "8-MONTH RESPONSE"--You mustsubmit the following items for each product within eight months of the date of this letter(RED issuance date).a. Application for Reregistration (EPA Form 8570-1). Use only an originalapplication form. Mark it "Application for Reregistration." Send your Application forReregistration (along with the other forms listed in b-e below) to the address listed in item 5.b. Five copies of draft labeling which complies with the RED and current regulationsand requirements. Only make labeling changes which are required by the RED and currentregulations (40 CFR 156.10) and policies. Submit any other amendments (such as formulationchanges, or labeling changes not related to reregistration) separately. You may delete useswhich the RED says are ineligible for reregistration. For further labeling guidance, refer tothe labeling section of the EPA publication "General Information on Applying for Registrationin the U.S., Second Edition, August 1992" (available from the National Technical InformationService, publication #PB92-221811; telephone number 703-487-4650).c. Generic or Product Specific Data. Submit all data in a format which complieswith PR Notice 86-5, and/or submit citations of data already submitted and give the EPAidentifier (MRID) numbers. Before citing these studies, you must make sure that they meetthe Agency's acceptance criteria (attached to the DCI).d. Two copies of the Confidential Statement of Formula (CSF) for each basic andeach alternate formulation. The labeling and CSF which you submit for each product mustcomply with P.R. Notice 91-2 by declaring the active ingredient as the nominalconcentration. You have two options for submitting a CSF: (1) accept the standard certifiedlimits (see 40 CFR §158.175) or (2) provide certified limits that are supported by the analysisof five batches. If you choose the second option, you must submit or cite the data for the fivebatches along with a certification statement as described in 40 CFR §158.175(e). A copy ofthe CSF is enclosed; follow the instructions on its back.
e. Certification With Respect to Data Compensation Requirements. Complete andsign EPA form 8570-31 for each product.4. COMMENTS IN RESPONSE TO FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE--Commentspertaining to the content of the RED may be submitted to the address shown in the FederalRegister Notice which announces the availability of this RED.5. WHERE TO SEND PRODUCT SPECIFIC DCI RESPONSES (90-DAY) ANDAPPLICATIONS FOR REREGISTRATION (8-MONTH RESPONSES)By U.S. Mail:Document Processing Desk (RED-SRRD-PRB)Office of Pesticide Programs (7504C)EPA, 401 M St. S.W.Washington, D.C. 20460-0001By express:Document Processing Desk (RED-SRRD-PRB)Office of Pesticide Programs (7504C)Room 266A, Crystal Mall 21921 Jefferson Davis Hwy.Arlington, VA 222026. EPA'S REVIEWS--EPA will screen all submissions for completeness; those which are notcomplete will be returned with a request for corrections. EPA will try to respond to datawaiver and time extension requests within 60 days. EPA will also try to respond to all 8month submissions with a final reregistration determination within 14 months after the REDhas been issued.
REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISIONPIPERALINLIST CCASE 3114ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYOFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMSSPECIAL REVIEW AND REREGISTRATION DIVISION
TABLE OF CONTENTSPIPERALIN REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISION TEAM . . . . . . . . . . . . iEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viI.INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II.CASE OVERVIEW . . . . .A.Chemical OverviewB.Use Profile . . . . . .C.Regulatory History .III.SCIENCE ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A.Physical Chemistry Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B.Human Health Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Toxicology Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.Acute Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b.Subchronic Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .c.Developmental Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d.Mutagenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.Occupational and Residential . . . . . . . . . . . .3.Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.Occupational and Residential . . . . . . . . . . . .C.Environmental Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Environmental Fate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Transportb.Environmental Fate Assessment . . . . . . . . . . .2.Ecological Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.Ecological Effects Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(1)Terrestrial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(2)Aquatic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(3)Non-Target Insects Data . . . . . . . . . . .b.Ecological Effects Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 7. 9101010111213IV.RISK MANAGEMENT AND REREGISTRATION DECISIONA.Determination of Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Eligibility Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.Eligible and Ineligible Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B.Regulatory Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Endangered Species Statement . . . . . . . . . . . .141414151515.2223
V.VI.ACTIONS REQUIRED BY REGISTRANTS . . . . . . . . . . .A.Manufacturing-Use Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Additional Generic Data Requirements . . . . . .B.End-Use Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.Additional Product-Specific Data Requirements2.Labeling Requirements for End-Use Products .C.Existing Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15151516161619APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21APPENDIX A. Table of Use Patterns Subject to Reregistration . . . . . . . . . . 23APPENDIX B. Table of the Generic Data Requirements and Studies Used toMake the Reregistration Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27APPENDIX C. Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting theReregistration of Piperalin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35APPENDIX D. List of Available Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43APPENDIX E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47PR Notice 86-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49PR Notice 91-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67APPENDIX F. Combined Generic and Product Specific Data Call-In . . . . . . 73Attachment 1. Chemical Status Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Attachment 2. Combined Generic and Product Specific Data Call-InResponse Forms (Form A inserts) Plus Instructions . . . . . . . . . 95Attachment 3. Generic and Product Specific Requirement Status andRegistrant's Response Forms (Form B inserts) and Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Attachment 4. EPA Batching of End-Use Products for Meeting DataRequirements for Reregistration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Attachment 5. EPA Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Attachment 6. List of All Registrants Sent This Data Call-In (insert) Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Attachment 7. Cost Share Data Compensation Forms, ConfidentialStatement of Formula Form and Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . 127APPENDIX G. FACT SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
PIPERALIN REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISION TEAMOffice of Pesticide Programs:Biological and Economic Analysis DivisionRichard MichellPhyllis JohnsonDohl HerziBiological Analysis BranchBiological Analysis BranchEconomic Analysis BranchEnvironmental Fate and Effects DivisionMary FrankenberryPatricia OttKay Valente-MontagueScience Analysis and Coordination StaffEnvironmental Fate and Groundwater BranchEcological Effects BranchHealth Effects DivisionCharles FrickPatricia McLaughlinSan Yvette WilliamsWinston DangChemical Coordination BranchToxicology Branch IIToxicology Branch IIOccupational and Residential Exposure BranchRegistration DivisionSidney JacksonAmelia AciertoMark PerrySami MalekFungicide-Herbicide BranchRegistration Support BranchRegistration Support BranchRegistration Support BranchSpecial Review and Reregistration DivisionSue RathmanBarbara BriscoePolicy, Planning and Operations BranchPolicy, Planning and Operations BranchOffice of General CouncilKevin LeeOffice of CompliancePhyllis FlahertyAgriculture Branchi
ORDVivian WilliamsPSPSJean Franeii
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONSAEAcid equivalenta.i.Active IngredientARCAnticipated Residue ContributionCASChemical Abstracts ServiceCSFConfidential Statement of FormulaDRESDietary Risk Evaluation SystemDWELDrinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL) The DWEL represents a mediumspecific (i.e. drinking water) lifetime exposure at which adverse, noncarcinogenic health effects are not anticipated to occur.EECEstimated Environmental Concentration. The estimated pesticide concentrationin an environment, such as a terrestrial ecosystem.EPEnd-Use ProductEPAU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyFDAFood and Drug AdministrationFIFRAFederal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide ActFFDCAFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic ActGLCGas Liquid ChromatographyGRASGenerally Recognized As Safe as designated by FDAHAHealth Advisory (HA) The HA values are used as informal guidance tomunicipalities and other organizations when emergency spills or contaminationsituations occur.HDTHighest Dose TestedLC50Median Lethal Concentration. A statistically derived concentration of asubstance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of test animals. It isiii
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS*usually expressed as the weight of substance per weight or volume of water,air or feed, e.g., mg/l, mg/kg or ppm.LD50Median Lethal Dose. A statistically derived single dose that can be expected tocause death in 50% of the test animals when administered by the route indicated(oral, dermal, inhalation). It is expressed as a weight of substance per unitweight of animal, e.g., mg/kg.LDloLethal Dose-low. Lowest Dose at which lethality occursLELLowest Effect LevelLOCLevel of ConcernLOELLowest Observed Effect LevelMCLGMaximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) The MCLG is used by theAgency to regulate contaminants in drinking water under the Safe DrinkingWater Act.µg/gMicrograms Per Grammg/LMilligrams Per LiterMPManufacturing-Use ProductMPIMaximum Permissible IntakeMOEMargin Of ExposureMRIDMaster Record Identification (number). EPA's system of recording andtracking studies submitted.N/ANot ApplicableNPDESNational Pollutant Discharge Elimination SystemNOELNo Observed Effect LevelOPPOffice of Pesticide ProgramsPADIProvisional Acceptable Daily Intakeiv
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONSPAMPesticide Analytical MethodPPEPersonal Protective EquipmentppbParts Per BillionppmParts Per MillionPRNPesticide Registration NoticeQ*1The Carcinogenic Potential of a Compound, Quantified by the EPA's CancerRisk ModelREDReregistration Eligibility DecisionREIRestricted Entry IntervalRfDReference DoseRSRegistration StandardTDToxic Dose. The dose at which a substance produces a toxic effect.TCToxic Concentration. The concentration at which a substance produces a toxiceffect.TEPTypical End-Use ProductTGAITechnical Grade Active IngredientTMRCTheoretical Maximum Residue ContributionTLCThin Layer ChromatographyWPSWorker Protection Standardv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Agency has determined that the uses of piperalin as currently registered will notcause unreasonable risk to humans or the environment and these uses are eligible forreregistration. The Agency is requiring an in vivo cytogenetics assay using either a) metaphaseanalysis (aberrations) or b) micronucleus assay (84-2(b)); and confirmation of the identity ofthe major degradates found in the Hydrolysis (161-1), Aerobic Soil metabolism (162-1), andAnaerobic Soil metabolism (162-2) studies.In addition, in order to assess the leaching potential of the only two major hydrolyticdegradates identified in the required laboratory studies, quantitative information is needed forDCBA and 3-(2-methylpiperidino)propyl alcohol in four soils (163-1). This information(preferably in batch equilibrium form) will fulfill the aged portion of the adsorption/desorptionstudy requirement and result in a more complete and quantitative environmental fateassessment for piperalin and its major degradates.Before reregistering the product containing piperalin, the Agency may require thatcertain product specific data, a revised Confidential Statement of Formula (CSF) and a revisedlabel be submitted within eight months of the issuance of this document. These productspecific data may include product chemistry and acute toxicity testing. After reviewing thesedata and the revised label and finding them acceptable in accordance with Section 3(c)(5) ofFIFRA, the Agency will reregister the product.vi
I.INTRODUCTIONIn 1988, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) wasamended to accelerate the reregistration of products with active ingredients registered prior toNovember 1, 1984. The amended Act provides a schedule for the reregistration process to becompleted in nine years. There are five phases to the reregistration process. The first fourphases of the process focus on identification of data requirements to support the reregistrationof an active ingredient and the generation and submission of data to fulfill the requirements.The fifth phase is a review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (referred to as "theAgency") of all data submitted to support reregistration.FIFRA Section 4(g)(2)(A) states that in Phase 5 "the Administrator shall determine whetherpesticides containing such active ingredient are eligible for reregistration" before calling indata on products and either reregistering products or taking "other appropriate regulatoryaction." Thus, reregistration involves a thorough review of the scientific data base underlyinga pesticide's registration. The purpose of the Agency's review is to reassess the potentialhazards arising from the currently registered uses of the pesticide; to determine the need foradditional data on health and environmental effects; and to determine whether the pesticidemeets the "no unreasonable adverse effects" criterion of FIFRA.This document presents the Agency's decision regarding the reregistration eligibility of theregistered uses of piperalin. The document consists of six sections. Section I is theintroduction. Section II describes piperalin, its uses, data requirements and regulatory history.Section III discusses the human health and environmental assessment based on the dataavailable to the Agency. Section IV presents the reregistration decision for piperalin. SectionV discusses the reregistration requirements for piperalin. Finally, Section VI is the Appendiceswhich support this Reregistration Eligibility Decision. Additional details concerning theAgency's review of applicable data are available on request.1
II.CASE OVERVIEWA.Chemical OverviewThe following active ingredient is covered by this Reregistration EligibilityDocument:B.Common Name:PiperalinChemical Name:3-(2-Methylpiperidino)propyl 3,4-dichlorobenzoateCAS Registry Number:3478-94-2OPP Chemical Code:097003Empirical Formula:C16H21Cl2NO2Trade and Other Names:Benzoic acid, 3,4-dichloro-, 3-(2-methyl-1piperidinyl)propyl ester; 1-piperidinepropanol, 2methyl-, 3,4-dichlorobenzoate (ester); PipronBasic Manufacturer:SePRO CorporationUse ProfileThe following is information on the current registered uses with an overview ofuse sites and application methods. Additional information on the use of piperalin canbe found in Appendix A.For piperalin:Type of Pesticide:Use Sites:FungicideGreenhouse non-food crop: Ornamental herbaceous plants(dahlia, phlox, zinnia and chyrsanthemum); Ornamental woodyshrubs and vines (lilac, rose); and Ornamental and/or shade trees(catalpa)2
Target Pests: Powdery mildewFormulation Types Registered:Soluble concentrate/liquid (SC/L)Method and Rates of Application:Equipment - High-volume high-pressure sprayerMethod and Rate -Foliar spray; the rate is ¼-½ lb A.I./100 gal. (¼-½pint/100 gal); use the high rate if disease is already presentTiming - apply soon after first leaves expand, or after first symptomsappear; apply every 7-10 days, or as neededUse Practice Limitations:C.Label recommends use with 3 specific surfactants;DO NOT ENTER TREATED AREASWITHOUT PERSONAL PROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT (PPE) FOR 12 HOURS; DO NOTAPPLY THROUGH ANY TYPE OFIRRIGATION SYSTEM; DO NOT APPLYDIRECTLY TO WATER OR WETLANDS; DONOT CONTAMINATE WATER, FOOD ORFEEDRegulatory HistoryPiperalin (3-(2-methyl piperidino) propyl 3,4-dichlorobenzene) was registeredin the United States in 1964 for use as a fungicide. Only one product containing thisactive ingredient is currently registered. This product was recently transferred fromDowElanco to SePRO Corporation under the product name Piperon L.C., EPA Reg.No. 67690-1. The product contains 84.4% active ingredient and is used exclusivelyfor controlling powdery mildew on ornamentals grown in commercial greenhouses.3
III.SCIENCE ASSESSMENTA.Physical Chemistry AssessmentThe only Piperalin product currently registered is an end-use product to be usedas a fungicide for use on ornamental plants grown in commercial greenhouses.Piperalin (84.4%, SePRO) is a pale yellow viscous liquid with a slightly mustystraw odor and has density of 1.18 g/cc (9.8 lb/gal). It decomposes at 208oC, misciblein acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and toluene. Its solubility inwater at 25oC is 200 ppm, 3-5 g/100 in acetonitrile, 5-10 g/100ml in hexane and 5-10g/100ml in methanol. A 50% slurry has a pH of 9.0. The vapor pressure is 1.0 x 10-7 Torr @ 25oC, dissociation constant (pka) is 8.9 (in 66% DMF) andoctanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) is 20400 (Log Kow 4.31). It is stable to heat,to metal and metal ions (i.e., Copper, Brass, Stainless steel 304 and 316, Nickel (II)chloride [NiCl2], Cuprous chloride [CuCl] and Ferric chloride [[FeCl3.6H2O]) for 28days at 50oC and stable in storage at RT up to about seven (7) years.B.Human Health Assessment1.Toxicology AssessmentThe toxicological data base on piperalin is adequate and will supportreregistration eligibility.a.Acute ToxicityAn acute oral toxicity study in Fischer 344 rats found an LD50 ofapproximately 800 mg/kg for females and 1419 mg/kg for males, whichis toxicity category III (MRID 40503201). An acute dermal toxicitystudy with New Zealand white rabbits showed an LD50 greater than 5850mg/kg, which is toxicity category IV (MRID 40503201). An acuteinhalation toxicity study with Fischer 344 rats found the LC50 wasgreater than 0.5 mg/L, which is toxicity category III (MRID 40503201).An eye irritation study in rabbits found mild irritation inunwashed eyes, with all effects resolved by 48 hours. This is toxicitycategory III (MRID 41548701). A primary dermal irritation study withNew Zealand white rabbits, with an exposure time of 24 hours, foundmoderate to severe irritation. This is equivalent to toxicity category IIIfor a guideline study (MRID 40503201). A test of dermal sensitizationpotential with guinea pigs found that piperalin was not a sensitizer(MRID 40678608).4
ACUTE TOXICITY DATATESTRESULTSCATEGORYOral LD50 - rat800 mg/kg F; 1419 mg/kg MIIIDermal LD50 - rabbit 5850 mg/kgIVInhalation LC50 - rat 0.5 mg/LIIIEye effects - rabbitmild irritationIIISkin irritation - rabbitsevere irritation (24 hr)IIISkin sensitization - guinea pignon-sensitizer--b.Subchronic ToxicityIn a 21-day dermal toxicity study, New Zealand white rabbitswere given piperalin at doses of 0, 50, 150 or 450 mg/kg/day. Nosystemic toxicity was observed and the NOEL was greater than 450mg/kg/day (MRID 40509301).Other subchronic studies were waived for this case.c.Developmental ToxicityIn a developmental toxicity study, CD rats were administereddoses of 0, 20, 100 or 500 mg/kg/day of piperalin on gestation days 615 by gavage. The maternal NOEL was 20 mg/kg/day. The maternalLOEL was 100 mg/kg/day, based on excessive salivation, soiled fur,decreased body weight gain and decreased food consumption. Thedevelopmental NOEL was 100 mg/kg/day. The developmental LOELwas 500 mg/kg/day, based on decreased fetal body weight (MRID40584901).5
d.MutagenicityAn Ames mutagenicity test with Salmonella typhimurium strainsTA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, as well as Escherichia coli strainWP2 uvrA-, found piperalin was not mutagenic (MRID 40503203). Amouse lymphoma forward mutation study was negative (MRID40503202). Additional information is required, as confirmation, on athird mutagenicity test, an in vivo cytogenetics assay using either a)metaphase analysis (aberrations) or b) micronucleus assay.2.Exposure Assessmenta.Occupational and ResidentialAn occupational and/or residential exposure assessment isrequired for an active ingredient if (1) certain toxicological criteria aretriggered and (2) there is potential exposure to mixers, loaders, orapplicators during use or to persons entering treated sites afterapplication is complete. The Agency has determined that an exposureassessment is not required for piperalin since the toxicology criteria arenot triggered.3.Risk Assessmenta.Occupational and ResidentialEven though there can be significant exposure, the toxicologicalend-points do not meet the triggers for the requirement of exposure data,and the exposure will be minimized by using appropriate labelprecautions.C.Environmental Assessment1.Environmental FateAt this time, data requirements in the environmental fateguidelines are not fulfilled. Information is needed to confirm the majordegradates of piperalin. The Agency has sufficient data for a qualitativeenvironmental fate assessment of piperalin.6
a.Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Transport(1)HydrolysisBased on available hydrolysis data, piperalinhydrolyzes very rapidly at pH 9 (half-life of 4.8 hours),forming 2 degradates: DCBA or dichlorobenzoic acidand 3-(2-methylpiperidino)propyl alcohol. At pH 7 and5, the half-lives were 16.4 days and 714 days,respectively.The submitted study provides supplementalinformation, only high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to identify compounds, with noconfirmatory method, and it appears as if a majordegradate, 3-(2-methylpiperidino)propyl alcohol, was notanalyzed. (MRID# 404075-01)(2)Aerobic soil metabolismBased on a supplemental aerobic soil metabolismstudy, microbially-mediated hydrolysis, in addition tochemical hydrolysis, was the most significant degradativeprocess which occurred. The rate of hydrolysis appearsto be catalyzed by a non-sterile environment, because thehalf-life of piperalin in the hydrolysis experiment at pH 5was 714 days but only 96-100 days in an Indiana sandyloam soil of pH 5.5.For the carbonyl labelled portion of the aerobicsoil metabolism study, one of the two major hydrolyticdegradates, DCBA, reached a maximum of 21% ofapplied 14C-radioactivity on day 14 of the 180 day study.Apparently, DCBA further degraded because 14CO2 levelskept increasing throughout the study, reaching amaximum of 48.5% of the applied on day 180 (last day ofstudy). Parent steadily declined from 87.4% on day 0 to20% on day 180.For the propyl labelled portion of the aerobic soilmetabolism study, the other major hydrolytic degradate,3-(2-methylpiperi-dino)propyl alcohol, reached amaximum of 10.7% of the applied radioactivity on day 3,then declined to 2.9% by day 180. This degradate7
apparently further degraded, because 14CO2 levels keptincreasing throughout the study, reaching a maximum of16.5% of applied radioactivity on day 180. Parentsteadily declined, from 91% of applied on day 0 to 24.9%day 180.The submitted study provides supplementalinformation, only thin layer chromatography (TLC) wasused to identify degradates and no confirmatory methodof analysis was done. This study may be upgradeable ifconfirmatory information is provided, which is consistentwith reported compound identities and levels determinedby TLC analysis. (MRID# 41425201)(3)Anaerobic soil metabolismBased on supplemental anaerobic soil metabolismdata, the most significant process that occurred in anIndiana sandy loam soil incubated aerobically for 21 days,followed by 60 days' anaerobic incubation, wasmicrobially-mediated hydrolysis (in addition to chemicalhydrolysis). The anaerobic soil half-life of piperalin was33.8 and 38.1 days for the carbonyl- and propyl-labelledpiperalin, respectively.For the carbonyl portion of the anaerobic soilmetabolism study, parent decreased over time, from 64%of the total 14C-radioactivity applied on day 0 (beginningof anaerobic conditions) to 19% on day 60. Consistentwith this, levels of 1 of the 2 major hydrolysis degradates,DCBA, increased with time, from 16% on day 0 to 58%on day 60. Unextractable soil radioactivity remainedrelatively constant (16% on day 0 and 20% on day 60).For the propyl portion of the anaerobic soilmetabolism study, parent decreased over the 60 dayanaerobic period, from 60% of the total 14C found in zeroday soil samples, to 20% on day 60, while the othermajor hydrolysis product, 3-(2-methylpiperidino)propylalcohol, increased from 3.7% of the applied to 14% byday 60. Non-extractable 14C remained relatively constant(15.3% on day 0 and 18.7% on day 60).8
The submitted study provides supplementalinformation, only TLC was used to identify metabolitesand no confirmatory method of analysis was used. Thisstudy may be upgradeable if confirmatory information isprovided which is consisten
reregistration eligibility review and decisions on the pesticide chemical case Piperalin which includes the active ingredient 3-(2-Methylpiperidino)propyl 3,4-dichlorobenzoate. The enclosed Reregistration Eligibili
Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Tau-fluvalinate . Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Tau-fluvalinate . Biological and Economics Analysis Assessment Bill Gross Timothy Kiely Elisa Rim Colwell Cook . (approximately 600 pounds a.i. annually on spot application to ant mounds and outdoor building
Wishy-Washy Level 2, Pink Level 3, Red Level 3, Red Level 4, Red Level 2, Pink Level 3, Red Level 3, Red Level 4, Red Level 3, Red Level 4, Red Level 4, Red Titles in the Series Level 3, Red Level 3, Red Level 4, Red Level 3, Red Also available as Big Books There Was an Old Woman. You think the old woman swallowed a fly? Kao! This is our
red wind/red wind xlr h50 t-15m l 35 mm red wind/red wind xlr h80 t-16m l 65 mm red wind/red wind xlr h105 t-17m l 90 mm racing speed xlr h80 t-19m l 74 mm profile rim female valve adapter (option) red wind/red wind xlr h50 t-15f l 37 mm red wind/red wind xlr h80 t-16f l 67 mm red wind/red wind xlr h105 t-17f l 92 mm racing speed .
WIRING DIAGRAMS SERVICE MANUAL NUMBER 33 Page 3A-8 90-863757--1 DECEMBER 8.1 liter (496 cid) Electrical Wiring Diagrams Typical Starting System Components 72930 B S I a c d e RED/PUR BLK BLK RED RED YEL/RED YEL/RED YEL/RED YEL/RED YEL/RED RED/PUR RED/PUR YEL/RED 7 g i b f h a-Ignition Switch b-20 Amp Fuse c-Starter Slave Solenoid d-Circuit .
tables syntax and layout are defined by the DMN standard while Drools native decision tables are defined by the Drools project. Red Hat Decision Manager supports both formats of decision tables, but they are not interchangeable. For more information about Drools decision tables, see Designing a decision service using uploaded decision tables. 1 .
A. Label Changes Summary Table . Carbaryl is an N-methyl carbamate (NMC) pesticide, which was first registered in 1959 for use on cotton. In 2001, the Agency identified the NMC pesticides as a group which shares a . The insecticide carbaryl is used in agriculture to control pests on terre
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide A Guide to Securing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Mirek Jahoda Red Hat Customer Content Services mjahoda@redhat.com Robert Krátký Red Hat Customer Content Services Martin Prpič Red Hat Customer Content Services Tomáš Čapek Red Hat Customer Content Services Stephen Wadeley Red Hat Customer Content Services Yoana Ruseva Red Hat Customer Content Services .
Korean Language 3 KOREAN 1BX Elementary Korean for Heritage Speakers 5 Units Terms offered: Spring 2021, Spring 2020, Spring 2019 With special emphasis on reading and writing, students will expand common colloquialisms and appropriate speech acts. Elementary Korean for Heritage Speakers: Read More [ ] Rules & Requirements Prerequisites: Korean 1AX; or consent of instructor Credit Restrictions .
