The Posi-Joist Technical Handbook
The Posi-JoistTechnical HandbookIssue 7
THE WORLD OF POSI TECHNOLOGYCONTENTSIntroduction3An Introduction to Posi-JoistsFloor Applications9Intermediate Floor Applications15Posi-Joist Standard Details25Separating Floor Applications29Separating Distance in Timber Frame Construction31Ground Floor Applications33Site Practice and HandlingRoof Applications40Posi-Rafters41Posi-Rafter Standard Details42Posi-Attic TrussesWall Applications43Wall Applications
An Introductionto Posi-Joistwww.mitek.co.uk3
AN INTRODUCTION TO POSI-JOISTThe Metal Web Joist systemYou simply can’t afford to ignore the advantages of the Posi-Joist system.Posi-Joist combines the lightness of timber with the strength of the Posi-Strut steel web allowing you tospan far greater distances than would be possible with alternative timber products.This gives you unequalled design freedom across a wide range of applications for both floor and roof indomestic, industrial and commercial applications. The Posi-Joist allows a variety of internal room layoutswithin an external shell due to its clear spanning capabilities.Easy access for the installation and maintenance of the services in the floor zone is the clear advantageof the Posi-Joist system, and with the ever increasing need for MVHR (Mechanical Ventilation and HeatRecovery) systems, Posi-Joist provides a perfect and simple solution that just isn't possible with alternativesolid timber products.Posi-Joist can be specified in a wide range of depths and specifications:Web TypeClearancebetween flangesStandard DepthWeb TypeClearancebetween flangesStandard .uk
AN INTRODUCTION TO POSI-JOISTEconomyWhilst an initial linear metre cost comparison with solid joist alternatives may suggest otherwise, Posi-Joist’sability to span greater distances than its timber competitors, coupled with its open web design gives thecontractor several important cost saving advantages. The installation of services and utilities is far simplerand quicker with Posi-Joists, reducing both labour costs and build-up time on site.Joists are manufactured in a controlled offsite environment ensuring a quality product, and are delivered'made to measure' allowing for speedy erection. What’s more, Posi-Joists will often eliminate the need forload-bearing intermediate walls, dramatically cutting overall building costs.To check a span and see a range of suitable Posi-Joist specifications visit www.mitekposi.co.uk to use ourinteractive span tables.PerformanceExceptional floor performance from a wide fixingsurface makes flooring easy, controls shrinkageand with precision engineering it all reduces thosetiresome return visits and remedial work.More benefits such as the unique open web designprovide an area in which Plumbers, Electriciansand Mechanical Ventilation and HeatingContractors will find it easy and convenient towork.The job’s done far more quickly and the contractormakes worthwhile savings.ManufacturersWith the largest network of licensed fabricatorsacross the UK and Ireland, you are never too far froma Posi-Joist manufacturer.All manufacturers use the very latest BIM compliantMiTek 3D Design and Engineering software and areable to provide clear and detailed drawings.To find your nearest manufacturer visitwww.mitek.co.uk/manufacturerswww.mitek.co.uk5
AN INTRODUCTION TO POSI-JOISTEfficiencyPosi-Joist can adequately span for floors and for flat and pitched roofs, often allowing for increased joistcentres when compared to alternative systems.It's span capability and wide timber flanges make it the more desirable alternative to all steel systems.FlexibiltyDesign flexibility is inherent in the concept of the Posi-Joist. The depth, length and width can be adjustedto produce an enormous number of different specifications, each with clearly defined performancecriteria. In addition, end details of the Posi-Joist can be altered to give a variety of support conditions.You will never come up short with the Posi-Joist Trimmable End. Each end can incorporate a solid timberblock which can be engineered with up to 130mm allowance for trimming on site.'Top Hung' joists can besupported from Trimmerswith no need for a hanger6There when you need it PosiJoist Trimmable End providesfield cutting flexibilty!www.mitek.co.uk
AN INTRODUCTION TO POSI-JOISTNo blocking or herring bone strutting is necessary with the Posi-Joist system. Instead a strongback installednear midspan (see page 21 for details) provides a much more effective load transfer system between adjacentjoists.Material SavingsTested by TRADA, included in ETA 07/0161 and accepted by NHBC, staggered Posi-Strut webbing reducesthe material content of the joist providing economic and environmental savings.In low stress zones Posi-Joists can bedesigned to include single sided Posi-Strutwebbing to provide considerable materialsavings’Posi-Joist is a fully tested product with a European Technical Approval ETA-07/0161. Fire resistancetests for 30, 60 and 90 minutes have successfully been carried out.www.mitek.co.uk7
Intermediate FloorApplications8www.mitek.co.uk
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR APPLICATIONSTypical construction detailsPosi-Joists can be built into the inner leaf of anexternal cavity wall as illustrated. This method ofconstruction meets the thermal and air leakagerequirements of Building Regulations providedthat the perimeter of the Posi-Joist is sealed withsilicone sealant as shown and the wall is insulatedto the Building Designer’s specification. Alternativeproprietary built-in constructions may be used, suchas joist ‘end caps’, provided that they have been shownby third party tests to meet or exceed the air leakageperformance of the construction illustrated. Theconstruction illustrated provides lateral restraint to thewall.Note: Certain ‘end caps’ may not provide lateral restraintto the wall, and restraint straps may therefore berequired.Block work to continue between PosiJoists to provide restraint. Note: This is notallowed on solid external wallsPosi-Joists can be supported in masonry hangers atan external masonry wall. This method of constructionmeets the thermal and air leakage requirements ofBuilding Regulations.This detail does not provide lateral restraint to thewall unless a restraint type hanger is used, if standardmasonry hangers are used restraint straps will berequired.Top Chord restraint fixed between PosiJoists to provide restraint. (Choosecorrect hanger for load, bearing width andcoursework level)This detail illustrates a popular construction detail forsupporting Posi-Joists at an external timber framewall. This construction meets the thermal and airleakage requirements of Building Regulations providedthat the floor edge is insulated by a material witha minimum R-value of 0.75m² K/W and that a beadof sealant is placed between the skirting boardand the floor deck and that an effective air barrieris maintained within the floor zone by means ofsolid noggins or header joists. The constructionprovides lateral restraint to the wall provided that theconnection is designed and detailed by the BuildingDesigner.www.mitek.co.uk9
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR APPLICATIONSFire resistanceThe requirement for fire resistance of domestic intermediate floorsis normally 30 minutes and this is provided almost entirely by theceiling plasterboard. The responsibility for specification of theplasterboard and its fixings rests with the Building Designer.Posi-Joist floors with a variety of build-ups have beenindependently tested to both BS and EN Standards and those PosiJoist floors providing 30 minutes fire resistance are listed in thetables below.The following table describes Posi-Joist floors providing 30 minutes fire resistance to BS476-21Fire ResistanceMax JoistCentresJoist DepthsCeiling detailsFloor deck details30 minutes600mmAll depths 225mm15mm Type A plasterboard (wallboard)22mm chipboard30 minutes600mmAll depths 225mm12.5mm Type A plasterboard (wallboard)with 5mm plaster skim22mm chipboardThe following table describes Posi-Joist floors providing 30 minutes fire resistance to EN1365-2/EN13501-2Fire Resistance30 minutes30 minutesMax JoistCentres400mm400mmJoist DepthsCeiling detailsFloor deck detailsAll depths 225mm15mm Type A plasterboard (e.g.wallboard) [drywall screws at 150mm(perimeter)/230mm (internal) centres].No room perimeter plasterboardnoggins.22mm P5 particleboard(chipboard), 18mm OSB/3or 18mm flooring gradesoftwood plywood deck,either screwed or glued andscrewed to joists12.5mm Type A plasterboard (e.g.wallboard) [drywall screws at 150mmcentres] with 5mm plaster skim18mm or 22mm P5particleboard (chipboard),18mm OSB/3 or 18mmflooring grade softwoodplywood deck, eitherscrewed or glued andscrewed to joistsAll depths 225mm30 minutes600mmAll depths 225mm15mm Type F plasterboard (e.g. fireline)[drywall screws at 230mm centres]22mm P5 particleboard(chipboard), 18mm OSB/3or 18mm flooring gradesoftwood plywood deck,either screwed or glued andscrewed to joists30 minutes600mm*All depths 225mm15mm Type A plasterboard (e.g.wallboard) [drywall screws at 150mmcentres]22mm P5 particleboard(chipboard) glued andscrewed to joists* - Minimum 47x97mm StrongbackFire resistance tests undertaken on Posi-Joist floors, in which the ceiling has been penetrated by downlightersand ventilation services, has shown that 30 minutes fire resistance can be maintained with appropriateintumescent protection at ceiling penetrations.For ceilings with service penetrations, MiTek recommends that for joists at 600mm centres 15mm Type Fplasterboard is used whilst for joists at 400mm centres 15mm Type A plasterboard may be used.Further details can be provided upon request.10www.mitek.co.uk
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR APPLICATIONSSound resistanceUnited Kingdom (excluding Scotland)The requirement for sound resistance of floors in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is that they shouldachieve an airborne sound resistance of 40dB based on laboratory tests.ScotlandThe requirement for sound resistance of floors in Scotland is that they should achieve an airborne soundresistance of 43dB based on laboratory tests.Republic of IrelandThere are no sound resistance requirements for intermediate floors.The following table provides details of Posi-Joist acoustic laboratory test resultsWeighted AirborneSound Reduction dBUK (exc. Scotland)Min 40dBScotland Min43dB202mm Posi-Joist, 22mm chipboardwalking surface,100mm mineral woolinsulation, 15mm gypsum wallboard40 202mm Posi-Joist, 22mm chipboardwalking surface,100mm mineral woolinsulation, 12.5mm gypsum wallboard42 225mm Posi-Joist , 22mm chipboardwalking surface, no insulation, 15mmgypsum wallboard42 225mm Posi-Joist , 22mm chipboardwalking surface, 100mm mineral woolinsulation, 15mm gypsum wallboard44 253mm Posi-Joist , 18mm plywoodwalking surface, 100mm mineral woolinsulation, 15mm gypsum wallboard41 253mm Posi-Joist , 22mm chipboardwalking surface, no insulation, 15mmgypsum wallboard43 253mm Posi-Joist , 22mm chipboardwalking surface, 100mm mineral woolinsulation, 15mm gypsum wallboard44 Floor Build-upNote: Gypsum Wallboard ceiling used fixes to the Posi-Joists at 300mm centres using 38mm Gyproc drywalltimber screws.www.mitek.co.uk11
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR APPLICATIONSFloor design considerationsDeflectionEC5 requirementsDeflection limits are given in the National Annex toEC5. For joists with plasterboard ceilings a limit ofspan/250 is applied to the final deflection (sum ofinstantaneous and creep deflections).Options to limit deflectionThe designer is able to produce a floor with improvedvibrational performance by applying additional orstricter limits on deflection than the Code-basedlimits. This can be done by decreasing the limit onfinal deflection or more commonly by restricting theinstantaneous deflection to an absolute value.VibrationThe procedures and limits for the control of vibrationsin floors are given in the National Annex to EC5. Theprocedures are two-fold: Ensuring the fundamental frequency of thefloor, under dead load only, exceeds 8 Hz. Limiting the deflection occurring under a 1 kNpoint load’LoadingsDead LoadsDead load should account for the weight of all buildingmaterials in the floor. It is made up of all thelayers in the floor makeup, ceiling linings andinsulation and self-weight of the Posi-Joist.The TRA recommends a minimum combined floor andceiling dead load of 0.41 kN/m2, which is the normalweight of a standard floor used in houses.Partition LoadsPartition load is to take into account the self-weightof lightweight internal walls that may sit on top of thefloor. The TRA recommends that a blanket load of0.35 kN/m2 is applied to the floor as the positionof internal walls could change over the life of thebuilding.Stair LoadsWhere stairs are fixed to Posi-Joists dead and imposedloads should be applied to the floor. Dead load is theweight of the stairs and imposed loads is the liveloading of traffic using the stairs. The load should beapplied as two point loads at the head of the staircase.Additional LoadsAdditional loads could include hoist loads or windloads, and can be applied using the tools in the MiTekdesign software. Please contact the MiTek designoffice or helpdesk for design advice if in any doubt.StrongbackIncreases in a floor’s transverse stiffness (i.e.in a direction perpendicular to the joists) lead toimprovements in the floor’s vibrational performance.The addition of a strongback, a solid timber memberrunning perpendicular to the Posi-Joists andconnected to the Posi-Joists greatly increases the floortransverse stiffness with the attendant improvementsin the floor’s vibrational performance. Strongbacksshould be used for all spans greater than 4m withfurther details given on page 21.Imposed LoadsThe floor imposed load is an estimated kN/m2 (area)value that is made up of people and furniture based onwhat function the floor is intended for. For example,office loading takes into account heavy items such asfiling cabinets, whereas domestic house loading willonly take into account lighter furniture. The amount ofpeople expected to use the floor space also plays a rolein determining the value of the imposed floor loading.EN1991-1-1 gives the load that should be applied fordifferent building usage. The table opposite showstypical values.12www.mitek.co.uk
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR APPLICATIONSTypical Minimum Imposed Floor Loads to BS EN 1991-1-1The table below summarises the most common imposed loads from the full list given incode of practice BS EN 1991-1-1. For the full list please refer to the code or contact MiTekfor assistance.Type of OccupancyDomestic and ResidentialOfficesAreas where people may congregateShopping areasExample UsageUniformlydistributedLoad1All usage within self contained dwelling units andcommunal areas (including kitchens) in blocks offlats with limited use*1.5 kN/m22Bedrooms and dormitries excluding hotels1.5 kN/m23Bedrooms in hotels, hospital wards, toilet areas2.0 kN/m24Snooker rooms2.0 kN/m25Communal kitchens except in flats covered in 1.above3.0 kN/m26General office use2.5 kN/m27Public, institutional and communal dining rooms,lounges, cafesand restaurants2.0 kN/m28Reading rooms with no book storage2.5 kN/m29Classrooms3.0 kN/m210Corridors, hallways and aisles in institutional typebuildings notsubjected to crowds3.0 kN/m211Corridors, hallways and aisles in institutional typebuildings notsubjected to crowds and wheeled traffic5.0 kN/m212Dance Halls, studios, gyms and stages5.0 kN/m213Areas in general retail shops or department stores4.0 kN/m2* Communal areas in blocks of flats with limited use refers to blocks consisting of not more than three storeysand with not more than four self contained dwellings per storey accesible from one staircasewww.mitek.co.uk13
Posi-JoistStandardDetails14www.mitek.co.uk
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD01: Bottom Chord Support: Built Into Masonry➊ Blockwork to continue between joists toprovide restraint➋➋ Fully flexible sealant to provide air➊tightnessParallel Restraint Straps: Ground/1st Floor notrequired provided min 90mm bearing. 2nd Floor atmax 2.0m centres.Note: This detail is not allowed on single skinexternal wallsPD02: Bottom Chord Support: Masonry Hanger withNoggin Restraint➊ Top restraint noggins fixed between PosiJoists➋ Masonry Joist Hanger. Do not notch➊bottom chord of Posi-Joist over bottomflange of hangerParallel Restraint Straps with non-restraint hanger:Ground, 1st and 2nd Floor at max 2.0m centresand 3rd Floor at max 1.25m centres. 2nd Floor inScotland at 1.25m centres.➋Minimum bearing determined by designChoose correct full depth hanger for coursework,load, bearing width and desired bearing level.PD03: Fixing round SVP using Bearer Plates➊➌➊ Soil Vent Pipe (SVP)➋ Bearers fixed to wall at floor and ceilinglevel➋➋➌ Posi-Joist adjacent to SVP shown in fulldepth masonry hangerNote: This detail may not perform well acousticallyas sound will be transmitted directly from the floor tothe bearer through the inner leaf of the wall.www.mitek.co.uk15
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD04: SVP Opening with Solid Trimmer➊➊ Soil Vent Pipe➎➋➋ Packer➌ Face Fix Joist Hanger (Solid Trimmer to Posi-Joist)➍ Joist no more than 6mm from back of hanger➌➎ Solid Trimmer built into wall➍PD05: Non Load Bearing Wall Parallel with Joists➍➎➊➋➊ Noggins at 600mm Centres➌➋ Z-Clip➌ Adhesive Bead➍ Bottom Rail of stud wall nailed to noggins➏➎ Decking➏ PlasterboardPD06: Bottom Chord Support: Timber Frame withRestraint Blocking➊ Full depth chord restraint blocking fixed➊between Posi-Joists➊16www.mitek.co.uk
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD07: Top Chord Support: Timber Frame with RingBeam➊ Packing piece to suit Posi-Joist Top Chord➊flange depth and Ring Beam width➋ Timber Ring Beam to suit Posi-Joist depth➌ Continuous plasterboard runner➍ Gap between end of Posi-Joist Bottom➋➌Chord and plasterboard runner➍Unless proven by design thePosi-Strut should overhang thebearing by 15mm➋PD08: Bottom Chord Support: Timber Frame Internal(Lapped)➊ Single or double full depth blocking fixedbetween Posi-Joists➊➋ Joists lapped over wallPD09: Bottom Chord Support: Timber Frame withRimboard➊➊ Solid or EWP RimboardFull depth chord restraint blocking fixedbetween Posi-Joists (omitted for clarity)www.mitek.co.uk17
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD10: Intermediate Support Bearing over Stud Wall➊ Solid or EWP full depth noggin➋➋ Studs positioned beneath joists➊➋➋PD11: Top Chord Support: Fixing to Downstand SteelBeam➊ Packing piece to suit Posi-Joist Top Chord➊flange depth and plate width➋ Timber plate fixed to top of steel➌ Timber pack fixed to beam (size to suit)➋➍ Gap between end of Posi-Joist BottomChord and plasterboard runner➍Unless proven by design thePosi-Strut should overhang thebearing by 15mm➌PD12: Bottom Chord Support to Steel Beam➊ Face fixed Posi-Joist hanger➋18➊➋ Timber packer as specified by buildingdesigner fixed to beam (size to suit)www.mitek.co.uk
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD13: Bottom Chord Support: Internal MasonryContinuous Joist with solid timber block➊ Solid timber block over bearing with grainparallel to spanGap to be filled to provide air tightness➊Note: Use on internal load bearing walls(not fire walls)➋➊PD14: Bottom Chord Support: Internal MasonryLapped➊ Masonry built up to underside of floor toprovide restraint➋ Joists lapped over wallPD15: Bottom Chord Support: Internal MasonryContinuous or Butting Ends➊ Masonry built up to underside of floor to➋➊provide restraint➋ Minimum 45mm bearing required if joistsplit on centre line of wallwww.mitek.co.uk19
POSI-JOIST STANDARD DETAILSPD16: Strongback Detail (Fixed to Site Added Blocks)➊➊ 38x75mm (min) blocks twice nailed to topand bottom members and twice nailedto strongback using 3.1x75mm longgalvanised ring shank nails➊➊Note: Strongback size as specified by designPD17: Strongback Detail (Fixed to Built In VerticalWebs)➊ Twice nail strongback to web usi
In low stress zones Posi-Joists can be designed to include single sided Posi-Strut webbing to provide considerable material savings’ Posi-Joist is a fully tested product with a European Technical Approval ETA-07/0161. Fire resistance tests for 30, 60 and 90 minutes have successfully been carried out. Material Savings
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The Metal Web Joist system You simply can't afford to ignore the advantages of the Posi-Joist system. Web Type Clearance between flanges Standard Depth PS8 108mm 202mm . to the Building Designer's specification. Alternative proprietary built-in constructions may be used, such as joist 'end caps', provided that they have been shown .
RESIDENTIAL PRESCRIPTIVE EXTERIOR WOOD DECK SPAN GUIDE TABLE 2a - DECK JOIST SPANS NOT INCISED (m) Maximum Allowable Joist Size 200 mm Joist Spacing 300 mm Joist Spacing 400 mm Joist Spacing 600 mm Joist Spacing Cantilever (mm) DF-L H-F S-P-F Nor DF-L H-F S-P-F Nor DF-L H-F S-P-F Nor DF-L H-F S-P-F Nor (mm)3
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