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EMI/RFIShielding ProductsTech-Etch is a global supplier of EMI/RFIshielding products for the commercial andmilitary markets. A leader in the shieldingfield for over 40 years, Tech-Etch designsand manufactures both standard catalogand customized shielding products. Ourcomplete line of shielding includes all sizes,shapes, compositions, mounting optionsand seal types. Products include BeCushielding strips, conductive elastomers,wire mesh, filters, honeycomb vents, boardlevel, and metalized fabric shielding.Tech-Etch is dedicated to continued improvement and committed to remaining aleader in the shielding industry. Tech-Etchhas continually introduced new productsto maintain our leadership role. Productinnovations have included No-snag fingers, Hook-on fingers, Snap-on fingersand more recently DiamondBack shielding. Tech-Etch operates a Quality Systemthat has been registered to ISO 9001:2000.ible circuit design and production, welding and soldering, metal finishing, plating,and laser cutting. Secondary operationssuch as soldering joints to seal seams,spot welding, and the application of pressure sensitive tapes and insulation materials are also available.Tech-Etch performs a wide variety of services, and this single-source capabilityenables us to assume total responsibilityfor the quality and delivery of our precisionproducts. In-plant services includephotoetching, stamping from coil stockand forming from etched blanks, tool anddie making, production heat treating, flex-Tech-Etch supplies many custom designedshielding components for special applications from high volume requirements usingprogressive dies, to prototype and smallquantities utilizing photoetch fabrication.Photoetching economically manufacturescustom board level shielding.Shielding CompatibilityElectromagnetic CompatibilityEMI/RFI Shielding Products are designed to either keep outor keep in electromagnetic interference. Shielding reflectsand absorbs incident radiation. The higher the attenuation ofthe shielding, the more effective it is at keeping in or out theundesired electromagnetic interference.Electrochemical CompatibilityTo avoid galvanic action between contacting metals refer tothis chart. Materials in adjacent groups may be safely usedtogether. Choosing materials from within a single group inthe table will provide the least corrosion due to galvanicaction when the materials are in contact for an extendedperiod of time with appropriate protective finish.Grouping of Metals by Decreasing Galvanic ActivityGroup 1Group 2Group 3Group 4MagnesiumMagnesium AlloysAluminumAluminum AlloysZinc & Zinc PlatingChromium PlatingAluminumAluminum AlloysZinc & Zinc PlatingChromium PlatingCadmium PlatingCarbon SteelIronNickel & Nickel PlatingTin & Tin PlatingTin/Lead SolderCadmium PlatingCarbon SteelIronNickel & Nickel PlatingTin & Tin PlatingTin/Lead SolderBrassStainless SteelBeryllium CopperCopper & Copper AlloysNickel/Copper AlloysMonelBrassStainless SteelBeryllium CopperCopperCopper AlloysNickel/Copper AlloysMonelSilverTable of ContentsShielding StripsMaterial Specifications and General Information . 3Installation Options (Plastic Rivets, “T” Retaining Caps) . 4How To Order Beryllium Copper Products . 6Part Number Directory . 7Tracks . 8Omni Grounding Series . 9Track Mounting (Symmetrical) . 9Snap-on Mounting (Symmetrical, Variable) . 11Stick-on Mounting (Soft No-snag, SPIDER Low Profile,SPIDER Hook & Stick-on, Low Profile, Hook & Stick-on,No-snag Fingers, Twisted Contacts, Slotless Gaskets) . 15Clip-on Mounting (Perpendicular Contacts, CylindricalRadius, Strip Gaskets, Reverse Bend Contacts,Twisted Contacts, No-snag & Soft No-snag Fingers) . 21Special Mounting (Reverse Bend Spherical, ReverseBend, Cylindrical & Spherical Radius, Strip Gaskets) . 25Board Level Shielding . 29Metalized Fabric Gaskets . 30Knitted Mesh Information & Specifications . 32Wire Mesh - Mesh & Elastomer Core - Series 2000 . 33Silvershield - Mesh Core - Series 2200 . 35Twinseal - EMI & Environmental Seal - Series 3000 . 36Connector & Waveguide Gaskets - Standard Products . 37Custom Gaskets - Metal & Metalized Fabric . 39Thin Sheet and Strip MaterialsSupershield - Conductive Elastomer - Series 1000 . 40Multishield - Oriented Wire in Elastomer - Series 4000 . 42Monoshield - Monel or Aluminum & Elastomer - Series 5000 . 44Weaveshield - Aluminum Mesh & Elastomer - Series 5500 . 45Trimshield Mesh On Aluminum Frame - Series 9000 . 46Shielded Vents & FiltersVent & Filter Specifications . 47Honeycomb Shielded Vents - Series 8000 . 48Shielded Fan Vents - Series 8200 . 49Quiet Vents - Honeycomb - Series 8300 . 50Aluminum Mesh Electronic Filters & Thin ScreenShielded Filters - Series 8500 & 8900 . 51The data presented in this catalog is based on testing and to our knowledge is accurate and true. Since applications, test methods and test procedures may vary, we recommend that users of our products performtheir own tests to assure the suitability of these products for their specific applications. We offer no product warranty, either expressed or implied, except any product proven defective will be replaced. Freedom frompresent or future patent infringement cannot be guaranteed, nor can the suitability of our products for specific applications.2sales@tech-etch.com www.tech-etch.com
Shielding StripsTech-Etch offers the most complete lineof standard BeCu shielding strips in theindustry. Shielding strips are designedfor a wide variety of application requirements. They are available in strips ranging from 16 to 24 inches in length, incontinuous coils up to 35 feet long, assingle fingers, or cut to requested fullfinger lengths. Consult our engineeringdepartment for special modifications toBeryllium CopperBeryllium Copper (BeCu) is a high performance metal which can be fabricated into awide variety of components. Its mechanicaland electrical properties make it the idealmaterial for EMI/RFI shielding products.Beryllium copper's electrical properties provide shielding effectiveness over an extremely broad frequency range. At the sametime, its mechanical properties yield a highdeflection range, in addition to a long lifesuit your requirements.Uncompressed heights of standardfinger stock range from .03" to .44",which will occupy gaps as low as .01".Many gaskets are offered in two material thicknesses to meet diverse application compression requirements:"Standard" and "TF", which requires lesswithout compression set. BeCu finger stockprovides maximum spring properties forstrength and fatigue resistance, plus excellent conductivity. Available in many platingoptions, BeCu has a high cycle time andconforms to large gap variations making itthe best material for attenuation.DiamondBack (dB)DiamondBack shielding with a textured contact surface increases attenuation at 2.5GHz and above. Nonabrasive DiamondBackforce to compress the gasket to itsoperating range.texturing can be applied to mostof the standard profiles toachieve up to a 20 dBattenuation improvementat high frequencies withoutraising the compression force. It has hundreds of raised dimples providing a smoothtexture that enhances the conductivity between the gasket and mating surface.DiamondBack is available on numerousmounting and finish options, and offers superior longevity over plated fabrics.Stainless SteelStainless steel is an economical alternativeto beryllium copper for shielding applications where high attenuation is not required.It does not have the electrical conductivity ofBeCu and is stiffer. Mechanical considerations generally limit the use of stainlesssteel to low profile strips and twisted contacts. Items are identified by SS in the notes.AttenuationFor maximum attenuation of a gasketed gap,the contact resistance of the mounting jointand closing joint must be very low andremain so throughout the life of the product.While a gasket may have the potential forvery high attenuation under ideal conditions, over time oxidation, corrosion and dirtat the mounting and closing joints may reduce effectiveness. Factors influencing contact resistance over the life of the productare pressure (closing force), plating, andwiping action. Our engineers can help youdetermine the optimal specifications to ensure sustained attenuation.CompressionENCLOSURETYP.The purpose of shielding is to occupy andthereby shield the gap that exists betweentwo adjoining surfaces. In order to be effective, shielding gaskets must be able to occupy both the maximum and minimum gaps,which exist due to fabrication tolerances,misalignment of surfaces, or irregular surfaces. Proper compression management isessential to ensure effective EMI shielding.Tech-Etch will be pleased to assist you inspecifying the most effective gasket foryour requirements.MAX. GAPNOCOMPRESSIONMIN.GAPMAX.MISALIGNEDSURF ACESMIN.GAPMAX.IRREGULARSURF ACESMIN.GAPMAX.OPERATING RANGE MAX. GAP - MIN. GAPMINIMUMCOMPRESSIONNO CONT ACTFREEHEIGHTF ABRICATIONT OLERANCESCLOSINGSURFACENOMINALCOMPRESSIONNOM. GAPMAXIMUMCOMPRESSIONMIN. GAPMaterialsBeryllium Copper (BeCu)ASTM B194Material SpecificationsChemical CompositionBeryllium . 1.80-2.00%Cobalt plus nickel . 0.20% Min.Cobalt nickel iron . 0.6% Max.Copper . BalancePhysical Properties (heat treated)Electrical conductivity (% IACS) . 22-25Modulus of elasticity (psi) . 18.5 x 106Mechanical Properties (heat treated)11Temper (1,000 psi) 4 HT 2 HTTensile strength175 Min. 185 Min.Yield strength.2% offset150 Min. 160 Min.Stainless SteelMaterial SpecificationsType 301 Stainless steel possessesgood heat and corrosion resistance.AISI 301 AnalysisC: .15 Max.Mn: 2.00 Max.Si: .750 Max.P: .040 Max.S: .030 Max.Cr: 16.00/18.00Ni: 6.00/8.00MOUNTINGSURFACEsales@tech-etch.com www.tech-etch.com3
Shielding StripsInstallation OptionsShielding strips are designed for a wide variety of application requirements,and can be supplied cut to length or full size in any of the following mountingconfigurations. Consult our engineering department for special modifications tosuit your requirements.If you know the Shielding Strip Part Number you are looking for, see thedirectory on page 7.Clip-on MountingStick-on MountingClip-on Mounting provides a reliable mechanical installation when there is an accessible mounting flange. Various flange thicknesses can be accommodated, and lancescan be added to enhance the holding forceto the flange.Pressure Sensitive Mounting providesdouble-sided pressure sensitive transfertape for a fast, reliable installation. 3MF9469PC transfer tape or equivalent maybe used at ambient temperatures from-67 F to 300 F. Apply only on a clean, oilfree surface, and allow a 24-hour cure time.Consult the factory for other adhesives andextended liner options.D LANCESnap-on MountingSlot and Edge Mount Symmetrical fingersusing single or double fingers are very economical for applications such as slidingdrawers, doors, rack-mounted assembliesand covers. They perform well in bi-directional applications and the snap-on capability makes them easy to install.PRESSSlot MountMOUNTINGFLANGESTICK-ON GASKETEdge MountPRESS.14"MOUNTINGFLANGE.08"X".03"1.00"X C ENTERED EQUIDISTANT FROM BOTH ENDSX LESS THAN .50" FOR MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LANC ES.10" X .60"Certain Clip-on strips have lance locationsother than shown above. These dimensionsare specified on the product drawings in theClip-on section.Extrusion MountingTech-Etch "S" Series symmetrical shieldingstrips can be installed on extrusions specially designed to provide a useful freeheight. A durable shielding solution for applications requiring bi-directional motion.The drawing below illustrates guidelines fordesigning the extrusion.Dimension "A" less allowance for initial contact is the compression range. Dimension"B" should be approximately .020" less thanthe open dimension of the shielding strip.AFREE HEIGHTDOUBLE ADHESIVETRANSFER TAPEHOOK & STICK-ON GASKET.06" MAX. FLANGEWhen continuous shielding is required theV Series or VE Series utilizing the samesnap on mounting feature can be used. Thefigure below illustrates available repeatingfinger patterns for the V and VE Series.1. Repeating Finger Pattern (F11)PRESSURESENSITIVEADHESIVEHOOKSOVERFLANGEHook and stick fingers are ideal for flangemounting applications requiring low compression forces and small gap shielding.Non-conductive .010" thick adhesive maybe specified for improved adhesion on roughsurfaces. Conductive adhesives and extended liners are also available. Consult thefactory for these options.2. Repeating Finger Pattern (F12)3. Repeating Finger Pattern (F13)4. Repeating Finger Pattern (F14)Special MountingSpecial Mounting shielding strips can beinstalled by spot welding or soldering. Rivets can be used for the 375A and 500Aprofiles and conductive pressure sensitiveadhesives are available. Consult the factory.5. Repeating Finger Pattern (F15)BFullFingerSemi FingerConsult factory for the availability of other patterns.4sales@tech-etch.com www.tech-etch.com
Track InstallationOptions & AccessoriesTrack / Extrusion MountingTrack or extrusion mounted symmetrical fingers provide a durable shielding solution forapplications requiring bi-directional motion,such as drawers and plug-in modules.TR Series Track is typically installed withplastic rivets, but is also available with pressure sensitive tape for adhesive mounting.The track can be installed prior to the assembly of the finger strips to avoid damaging the fingers. See below. Photos at rightillustrate several methods of retention, including "T" Retaining Caps. Retention stopscan also be incorporated in the sheet metal.EASY 1-2-3 TRACK MOUNTINGRIVETTRACKPRESSPRESS“T” Retaining Caps“T” Retaining Caps (See Track Accessoriesbelow) can also be used to hold shieldingon the Track as illustrated here.PRESSURE SENSITIVEADHESIVE MOUNTING"T" RETAINING CAP POSITIONSSHIELDING ON TRACKTrack the in top photo shows two shielding retainer options: Plastic Rivet Stopon the left and "T" Retainer on the right.Bottom photo shows the same trackwith shielding snapped into place.02" -.06"FLANGESTEP 1STEP 2STEP 3PRESS PLASTICRIVET INTOFLANGE.HOOK ONE LEGOF FINGERSTOCK UNDERTRACK.PRESS FINGERSTOCK DOWN TO"SNAP-ON"TO TRACK.Pressure SensitiveTransfer Tape MountingPerhaps the easiest track mounting option iswith double sided pressure sensitive transfer tape. Simply apply on a clean, oil-freesurface, and allow a 24-hour cure time.Omni TrackOmni Track is designed to provide a tracktype mounting for single finger applications.It is typically supplied with pressure sensitive tape for adhesive mounting. Holes areavailable for rivet mounting.PRESSURE SENSITIVEADHESIVE OR RIVET MOUNTPlastic RivetsPlastic rivets can be used to install Track andas rivet stops to retain shielding on a track asshown below and in the photo on the right.When used on a flange, the hole diameter forthe rivet should be .125". Two rivets areavailable: PR45 and PR60 (See Track Accessories below.).Tech-Etch offersmany profilesof fingerstockand optionsfor trackmounting.PLASTIC RIVET RETAINERPOSITIONS SHIELDINGON TRACKTrack AccessoriesTCXX"T" RETAINING CAPSPR45PLASTIC RIVETPR60PLASTIC RIVETUsed on Snap-on Track and OMNI Mounting Pads.Panel Hole Dia. .123" - .127"Panel Thickness .02" - .06"Order PR45 Rivets, if required for your application.Used on Snap-on Track and OMNI Mounting Pads.Panel Hole Dia. .118" - .125"Panel Thickness .045" - .075"Order PR60 Rivets, if required for your application.“T” .35".12".136" x .20" SLOT.19".18"“T” Retaining Caps areused at the ends ofMounting Track to holdfinger stock in place.Material: Brass.Finish: h-etch.com www.tech-etch.com5
How To OrderShielding StripsTech-Etch Part Numbers are unique because they describe the actual part. This makes it easy to order and also tounderstand the specifications of any strip. The chart below explains how to read and create Part Numbers.P A R TN U M B E RD E T A I LEXAMPLES1 8 7 W 3 5 - 5 . 4 1- 1 5 -M O D W i t h Ta p 4MLPTTVS35C05037A37C07060E78 45H060 90M32F15 48163002.97.3615- MOD0808- MOD0202- L-08 09- MOD- dB-08 02080815-6-XXX7-XXX-With TapeWith 3 Holes .125" Dia.Non-Std Plating Thickness89XXXXXX9. Modification Description8. Modification If Required7. D-Lance optional / DiamondBack (dB) optional / Finish6. Length5. Additional Information (D-Lance Standard, Hook-on, Key Part Features, etc.)4. Width / Clip Size (Inches x 1,000)3. Style2. Pitch (Inches x 1,000)1. Optional Material / Material Thickness PrefixAvailableFinishes5. Additional Information: “L” Standard D-Lance; “H060” Hook-on; “90” 90 Bend;“R” and “A, B, C, T” Track features; “E50, E78” Extended Leg; “M” Clip-on Feature;“FXx” Determines Repeating Finger Pattern for Variable Snap-on (See page 4.)OrderingFinish*CodeSolderable . 01Clean and Bright . 02Gold . 03Silver . 04Cadmium/Clear Chromate . 05Tin Lead . 07Bright Tin . 08Nickel . 09Zinc/Clear Chromate . 15Electroless Nickel . 18Other . 006. Length: Full Strips Length to nearest inch as listed in catalog (24, 18, 16, etc.).* For other requirements and specificationsof these finishes, consult the factory.1. Optional Material / Material Thickness Prefix: Leave blank for standard thickness.Add “TF” for low compression force. “SS” indicates Stainless Steel.2. Pitch: Center-to-center distance from one finger to the next (Inches x 1,000).3. Style: Part Style or Series.4. Width: Part Width, typically measured parallel to fingers and slots.Clip Size: “CXXX” Clip Size, where XXX is typically flange size .010".Length: Rolls Length to nearest inch as listed in catalog (300, 420, etc.).Also add “M” to Additional Information for all T-Series rolls. (See column 5.)Length: All Cut-to-Length Parts Length to 2 decimals: (.XX) (Pitch) x (Number of Fingers) minus (one slot dimension).Since individual fingers may not be cut, length is a multiple of a full finger (the Pitch), less the slot dimension. Exceptions are 95A,95T, 165T, 165T2, 250T, 500T and KS Series, where cut-to-length parts are to 2 decimals and: (.XX) (Pitch) x (Number of Fingers).7. D-Lance: “L-” for optional, non-standard D-Lance. DiamondBack: Optional DiamondBack texturing "dB"Finish: See table for available finishes.8. Modification If Required: Add “MOD” for all modified parts. A description of the modification is also required.9. Modification Description: Specific description of the modification. For example: With 2 Holes .100 Dia., With Conductive Tape,Less Tape, Special Width, Non-Standard Tolerances, Non-standard Material Thickness, Non-standard Plating Thickness, SpecialPackaging, etc.6sales@tech-etch.com www.tech-etch.com
Part NumberDirectoryHow to Order Shielding Samples: The easiest way to order samples is to visit our Free Sample page on our website. Of course you can also call and supply part numbers, quantities and other appropriate application information.Part NumberPage60D Reverse Bend Contacts . 2560P21 Soft No-snag Fingers . 1660R Spherical Radius Finger Stock . 2760RC Reverse Bend Spherical Finger Stock . 2575RC Reverse Bend Spherical Finger Stock . 2575RE Spherical Radius Finger Stock . 2775RF Spherical Radius Finger Stock . 2793AS32 Alternate Slot Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 1093R1D Reverse Bend Spherical Finger Stock . 2593S32 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 0995A Twisted Contacts . 1995T Twisted Contacts . 1995T90 Twisted Contacts . 1995TCXXXM Twisted Contacts . 2495TCXXX Twisted Contacts . 23125G28 Low Profile Finger Stock . 15125G32 Low Profile Finger Stock . 15125LP45 Low Profile Finger Stock . 15125LP45H060 Hook & Stick-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 16125LP55 Low Profile Finger Stock . 16125LP55C070 Clip-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 21125LP55H060 Hook & Stick-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 16125LP60 Low Profile Finger Stock . 16125LP60H060 Hook & Stick-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 16125LP75C070 Clip-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 21125LPS35 SPIDER Low Profile No-snag Finger Stock . 15125LPS45H060 SPIDER Hook & Stick-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 15125M37 No-snag Fingers . 18125M42CXXX No-snag Fingers . 25127A Reverse Bend Contacts . 25134B Reverse Bend Contacts . 26134C Reverse Bend Contacts . 26134D Reverse Bend Contacts . 26145A Reverse Bend Contacts . 26156M32 No-snag Fingers . 18157S20 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 09165T Twisted Contacts . 19165T2 Twisted Contacts . 20165T90 Twisted Contacts . 19165TC070 Twisted Contacts . 23165TCXXXM Twisted Contacts . 23165TW.300 Twisted Contacts . 19182RF8CXXXL Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 22182RF9CXXXL Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 22187H Reverse Bend Contacts . 26187KC080 Reverse Bend Contacts . 23187M32 No-snag Fingers . 18187M60 No-snag Fingers . 18187P21 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17187P28 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17187P32 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17187R2A Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 28187RA Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 28187RB Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 27187RB1 Spherical Radius Finger Stock . 27187RC Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 27187RD Reverse Bend Contacts . 26187RD2 Reverse Bend Contacts . 25187RF1CXXX Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 22187RF2CXXX Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 21187RF3CXXX Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 22187RF4C070 Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 22187RGCXXX Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 21187RJ Cylindrical Radius . 28Part NumberPage187S30 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 12187S32 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 11187AS32 Alternate Slot Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 10187S32 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 10187V32FXx Variable Snap-on Gasket . 11187VE32FXx Variable Edge Mount Snap-on Gasket . 12187W35 Soft No-snag Fingers . 15206W36 Soft No-snag Fingers . 14219S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 13219S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 10250C040 Clip-on Low Profile Finger Stock . 21250K2C070L Reverse Bend Contacts . 23250K4C070 Perpendicular Contacts . 21250KC070L Reverse Bend Contacts . 23250KS37 OMNI Single Contact . 09250KS60 OMNI Single Contact . 09250M37 No-snag Fingers . 18250M42CXXX No-snag Fingers . 24250P37 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17250P37E50 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17250S37 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 12250S37 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 10250S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 13250S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 18" long) . 10250T Twisted Contacts . 20250V37FXx Variable Snap-on Gasket . 12250VE37FXx Variable Edge Mount Snap-on Gasket . 13282V60FXx Variable Snap-on Gasket . 14375A Strip Gaskets . 28375B Cylindrical Radius Finger Stock . 28375CXXX Strip Gaskets . 22375KS80 OMNI Single Contact . 09375M60 No-snag Fingers . 18375M60E78 No-snag Fingers . 18375P60 Soft No-snag Fingers . 17375P64C070 Soft No-snag Fingers . 24375P80 Soft No-snag Fingers . 18375S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 13375S60 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 15.75" long) . 11375S80 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 4 fingers) . 14375S80 Symmetrical Finger Stock (up to 15.75" long) . 11500A Strip Gaskets . 28500P110 Soft No-snag Fingers . 18500T Twisted Contacts . 20LP45 Slotless Gasket . 20LP60 Slotless Gasket . 20SS95T Stainless Steel Stick-on Twisted Contacts . 19SS95T90 Stainless Steel Stick-on Twisted Contacts . 19SS125LP45 Stainless Steel Low
EMI/RFI Shielding Products Tech-Etch is a global supplier of EMI/RFI shielding products for the commercial and military markets. A leader in the shielding field for over 40 years, Tech-Etch designs and manufactures both standard catalog and customized shielding products. Our complete line of shielding includes all sizes, shapes, compositions .
Texts of Wow Rosh Hashana II 5780 - Congregation Shearith Israel, Atlanta Georgia Wow ׳ג ׳א:׳א תישארב (א) ׃ץרֶָֽאָּהָּ תאֵֵ֥וְּ םִימִַׁ֖שַָּה תאֵֵ֥ םיקִִ֑לֹאֱ ארָָּ֣ Îָּ תישִִׁ֖ארֵ Îְּ(ב) חַורְָּ֣ו ם
Michelle Cini, ed., European Union Politics, 2nd edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). Ian Bache and Stephen George, Politics in the European Union, 2nd edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). John Peterson and Elizabeth Bomberg, Decision-Making in the European Union (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).
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978-0-521-73920-7 - Cambridge BEC Higher 4: With Answers: Examination Papers from University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations: English for Speakers of Other Languages Frontmatter Moreinformation. Test of Reading (1 hour) This paper consists of six parts with 52 questions, which take the form of two multiple-matching tasks, two multiple-choice tasks, a cloze test and an error- identification .
