Who Developed The Theory Of Acquired Characteristics? A .

Who developed the theory of acquiredcharacteristics?a. Darwinb. Lamarckc. Charles Lyelld. Aristotle1

Who developed the theory of naturalselection, and survival of the fittest?a. Darwinb. Lamarckc. Charles Lyelld. Aristotle2

True or False Evolution happens very quickly.3

Organisms with the best traits fit for survivaltend to have more offspring and this traitaccumulates over generations. This is knownas:a. Darwinismb. Natural Selectionc. The theory of use and disused. Struggle for existence4

Which Islands are most famous for Darwin’sdiscoveries? A. Australia B. Hawaii C. Galapagos D. Japan5

Darwin’s Theory of EvolutionOrganisms Change OverTime6

Common Descent with Modification Darwin proposed thatorganisms descendedfrom commonancestors Idea that organismschange with time,diverging from acommon form Caused evolution ofnew species7

Natural Selection Driving force for evolution During the struggle forresources, strongestsurvive & reproduce Idea that at least some ofthe differences betweenindividuals, which impacttheir survival and fertility,are inheritable.8

Origin of SpeciesDarwin Presents His Case9

Publication of “On The Origin of Species” Upon His Return To England, DarwinDeveloped His Observations Into The Theoryof Evolution But He Did Not Publish For 25 Years –Why?10

Publication of “On The Origin of Species” Darwin Knew That His Theory Would BeExtremely Controversial And Would BeAttacked His Theory Challenged EstablishedReligious & Scientific Beliefs, ParticularlyAbout The Creation Of Man11

Publication of “On The Origin ofSpecies” He Refused To Publish Until HeReceived An Essay From AlfredWallace– Fellow Naturalist– Independently Developed TheSame Theory– After 25 Years, Someone ElseHad Come To The SameConclusions From TheirObservations Of Nature12

Wallace’s Contribution Alfred Russel WallaceIndependently came to sameConclusion as Darwin thatspecies changed over timebecause of their struggle forexistence When Darwin read Wallace’sessay, he knew he had topublish his findings13

Natural Variation and Artificial Selection Natural Variation– Differences Among Individuals Of ASpecies Artificial Selection– Selective Breeding To Enhance DesiredTraits Among Stock or Crops14

Natural Variation and Artificial SelectionKey Concept:In Artificial Selection, Nature ProvidedThe Variation Among DifferentOrganisms, And Humans SelectedThose Variations That They FoundUseful15

16

Origin of SpeciesConcepts and Controversy17

Evolution By Natural Selection Concepts The Struggle for Existence (compete forfood, mates, space, water, etc.) Survival of the Fittest (strongest able tosurvive and reproduce) Descent with Modification (new speciesarise from common ancestor replacing lessfit species)18

Survival of the Fittest Fitness– Ability of an Individual To Survive &Reproduce Adaptation– Inherited Characteristic That Increases anOrganisms Chance for Survival19

Survival of the Fittest Adaptations Can Be:–Physical Speed, Camouflage, Claws, Quills, etc.–Behavioral Solitary, Herds, Packs, Activity, etc.20

Survival of the Fittest Fitness Is Central To The Process OfEvolution Individuals With Low Fitness– Die– Produce Few OffspringSurvival of the FittestAKA Natural Selection21

Survival of the FittestKey ConceptOver Time, Natural Selection Results InChanges In The InheritedCharacteristics Of A Population. TheseChanges Increase A Species Fitness InIts Environment22

Natural Selection Cannot Be Seen Directly It Can Only Be Observed As Changes In APopulation Over Many SuccessiveGenerations– Radiation– Fossil Record23

Descent With Modification Takes Place Over Long Periods of Time Natural Selection Can Be Observed AsChanges In– Body Structures– Ecological Niches– Habitats24

Descent With Modification Species Today Look Different From TheirAncestors Each Living Species Has– Descended With Changes From OtherSpecies Over Time25

Descent With Modification26

Homologous Structures: Similar Structures thatsuggest evolution from a common ancestor.

analogous structures are features of different speciesthat are similar in function but not necessarily instructure and which do not derive from a commonancestral feature

Vestigial refers to an organ or part (for example, thehuman appendix) which is greatly reduced from theoriginal ancestral form and is no longer functional or isof reduced or altered function.

Major Problem in Darwin’s Theory No mechanism to explainnatural selection How could favorable variations betransmitted to later generations? With the rediscovery of Mendel’swork in the first half of the 20thcentury, the missing link inevolutionary theory was found.30

Opposition to Evolution The upheaval surroundingevolution began withDarwin’s publication of Onthe Origin of Species ByMeans of NaturalSelection The debate continuesnearly 150 years later31

Why, according to our reading, did Darwin take solong to publish the Origin of Species?A. Darwin wanted to share his theory as quickly aspossible once he returned from his voyage on theBeagle.B. It took twenty years for Darwin to develop atheory.C. Darwin suffered from a number of illnesses.D. Darwin was concerned about the reaction ofothers to the implications of his theory.E. All of the above.

In which of the following ways is natural selectionnot similar to artificial selection? A. With natural selection "picking" is due to thefit of an organism with its environment; whereasin artificial selection, the breeder "picks" whichorganisms will breed. B. Natural selection depends upon the presenceof variation, artificial selection does not. C. Natural selection occurs within populations,artificial selection does not. D. There is a limit to how much change can bebrought about by natural selection, no such limitexists for artificial selection. E. None of the above.

In relation to natural selection,evolution is thea. Processb. Outcomec. Mechanismd. purpose

A salamander living in a cave has no eyes, thisis an example of:a. Homologous structuresb. Analogous structuresc. Vestigial structuresd. All of the abovee. None of the above

A bird wing and a butterfly wing would be anexample of:a. Homologous structuresb. Analogous structuresc. Vestigial structuresd. All of the abovee. None of the above

The beak shape of Darwin’s finches wasinfluenced by: A. Number of offspring produced in a given year. B. Carrying capacity of the environment C. Response to the nature of the food supply D. Affects of Artificial selection on the island E. Predators preying on a specific species of bird.

A. Darwin wanted to share his theory as quickly as possible once he returned from his voyage on the Beagle. B. It took twenty years for Darwin to develop a theory. C. Darwin suffered from a number of illnesses. D. Darwin was concerned about the reaction of others to the implications of his theory. E. All of the above.