TYPES OF COMPUTER - WordPress

CHAPTER-1FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTSOFCOMPUTER ATISH SHRESTHA

CONTENTSi) Computer : Definitionii) Working Principle of computeriii) Features of Modern Computeriv) Application Areas of Computerv) Advantages / Limitations atish shrestha

DEFINITIONA computer is an electronic machinethat is used for data processing toproduce information. The term‘computer’ has been derived from aLatin word ‘computare’ meaning‘calculation’. Computer is one of themost useful electronic machines inthis modern world. Computer canprocess both numerical and nonnumerical (arithmetic and logical)operations. atish shrestha

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTERComputerbo works on the basis of IPO cycle.CPUKeyboard, mouse atish shresthaMonitor, printerHard disk, DVD ROM

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTERINPUT: Input is the data or instructions given tothe computer through input devices likekeyboard, mouse etc.PROCESS: Process is the manipulation of data asper given instruction. It is totally inner processof the computer system.OUTPUT: Output is the information displayed bythe computer through output devices likemonitor, printer etc.STORAGE: When the data are processed, theyare stored in storage devices like hard disk, flashdrive etc. atish shrestha

GENERAL SET OF A COMPUTER atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERSa)b)c)d)e)f)g)High SpeedAccuracyStorage y atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS1. High Speed Computer is a very fast device. It is capable of performing calculation of verylarge amount of data. The computer has units of speed in millisecond,microsecond, nanosecond, and even thepicosecond (1/1000000000000th of a second). It can perform millions of calculations in a fewseconds as compared to man who will spendmany months to perform the same task. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS2. Accuracy In addition to being very fast, computers are veryaccurate. The calculations are 100% error free. The errors incomputer are due to human and inaccurate data. Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracyprovided that the input is correct. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS3. Storage Capability Memory is a very importantcharacteristic of computers. A computer has much morestorage capacity than humanbeings. It can store large amount ofdata. It can store any type of datasuch as images, videos, text,audio, etc. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS4. Automation Computer is an automatic machine. Automation is the ability to perform a given taskautomatically. Once the computer receives aprogram i.e., the program is stored in thecomputer memory, then the program andinstruction can control the program executionwithout human interaction. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS5. Diligence Unlike human beings, a computer is free frommonotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can work continuously without any error andboredom. It can perform repeated tasks with the same speedand accuracy. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS6. Versatility A computer is a very versatile machine. A computer is very flexible in performing the jobsto be done. This machine can be used to solve the problemsrelated to various fields. At one instance, it may be solving a complexscientific problem and the very next moment itmay be playing a card game. atish shrestha

FEATURES OF MODERN COMPUTERS7. Reliability A computer is a reliable machine. Modern electronic components have long lives. Computers are designed to make maintenanceeasy. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER1. Business2. Education3. Marketing4. Banking5. Insurance6. Communication7. Health Care8. Military9. Engineering Design atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER1. BusinessA computer has high speed of calculation, diligence,accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made itan integrated part in all business organizations.Computer is used in business organizations for Payroll calculations Budgeting Sales analysis Financial forecasting Managing employee database Maintenance of stocks, etc. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER2. EducationThe computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in theeducation system. The computer provides a tool in the education systemknown as CBE (Computer Based Education). Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph ofnumber of computer students. There are a number of methods in which educationalinstitutions can use a computer to educate thestudents. It is used to prepare a databaseabout performance of a studentand analysis is carried out on thisbasis. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER3. MarketingIn marketing, uses of the computer are following Advertising With computers, advertisingprofessionals create art and graphics, write andrevise copy, and print and disseminate ads withthe goal of selling more products. Home Shopping Home shopping has been madepossible through the use of computerizedcatalogues that provide access to productinformation and permit direct entry of orders tobe filled by the customers. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER4. BankingToday, banking is almost totallydependent on computers. Banksprovide the following facilities Online accounting facility, which includes checkingcurrent balance, checking interest charges, shares,and trustee records. ATM machines which are completely automatedare making it even easier for customers to dealwith banks. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER5. InsuranceInsurance companies are keeping allrecords up-to-date with the help ofcomputers. The insurance companies,finance houses and stock broking firmsare widely using computers for theirconcerns.6. CommunicationCommunication means to convey amessage, an idea, a picture or speechthat is received and understood clearlyand correctly by the person for whom itis meant for. Some main areas in thiscategory are: Chatting, E-mail, Usenet,FTP, Video-conferencing and Telnet. atish shrestha

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER7. Health CareComputers have become an important part inhospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They arebeing used in hospitals to keep the record ofpatients and medicines. It is also used inscanning and diagnosing different diseases.ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. arealso done by computerized machines.8. MilitaryComputers are the main tools which help indeveloping missiles and other equipment inthe deference system. Designing and themaintenance are possible only throughcomputers. Computer builds the linksbetween the soldiers and commanders atish shresthathrough the satellite.

APPLICATION AREAS OF COMPUTER9. Engineering Designcomputers aid in designing buildings,roads, bridges and many others. Theconstruction layouts are designedbeautifully on system using differenttools and softwares. One of the majorareas is CAD (Computer Aided Design)thatprovidescreationandmodification of images. atish shrestha

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER1) It helps to produce error free documents.2) Computers simplify our work and help us savetime, money and effort.3) Data stored in computer can be used for multiplepurpose.4) Communication is cheaper and faster.5) Computershavecreatedemploymentopportunities in the field of designing, teaching,manufacturing etc.6) The use of computer can make teaching andlearning more effective and interesting. atish shrestha

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER1) It is expensive to install and update the fastchanging technology.2) Accidental loss of data may cause a seriousproblem.3) It decreases interpersonal relationship as thecomputer users fully rely on computers tocommunicate.4) Continuous and regular use of computer may leadto health problems.5) Computers cannot think and decide on its own.6) It has given rise to several computer crimes. atish shrestha

THANK YOU atish shrestha

A computer is an electronic machine that is used for data processing to produce information. The term ‘computer’ has been derived from a Latin word ‘computare’ meaning ‘calculation’. Computer is one of the most useful electronic machines in this modern world. Computer can process both numerical and non-