PEOPLE & PRODUCTS MAKING HISTORY
PEOPLE & PRODUCTSMAKING HISTORYOwens Corning Milestones1
OWENS CORNING MILESTONES1888 – The first attempt at commercialproduction of mineral wool occurs inCleveland, Ohio.First prepared by Don Eberts and Katie Steele,with thanks to the following people for informationprovided: Dale Kleist, Jack Thomas, Roy Smith,John Marshall Briley, Edward Hamlin Everett(The Bottle King), G. Wallace Chissman, CurtisW. (Bud) Abbott, Bob Pistole, Pat Pacella, JoeDoherty, Frank Brisley, Ray Brinkley, TomPowers Jr., Pat Trzaskowski, Pete Liutan, FredHeumann, Rodger Hood, John Knerr Sr., BillDent, Ray Osburn, Doug Blenkhorn, RodIrving, Carl Rimmel, Tom DeSloover, PatCrouch, Sharon Lowe, Dick Miller, Bob Holler,Bob Venia, Carol Murray, Michelle Hamman,Patty Rupert and many others. Last updatedby Bill Hamilton through April 30, 2019.*****1892 – March: The first continuous tankfurnace begins operating at the EDWARD H.EVERETT COMPANY, supplementing its daytanks and pot furnaces.1893 – An actress, Miss Georgia Cayvan,models a dress and parasol made ofHammesfahr glass cloth at the ColumbianExposition in Chicago. The dress is made bythe LIBBEY GLASS COMPANY in Toledo tocreate additional interest in its cut glassexhibition at the fair. The dress, impossiblyheavy and brittle, proves impractical forordinary wear. (The dress is presently instorage at the TOLEDO MUSEUM OF ART.)*****1870 – John Player patents the steam-jet methodof manufacturing mineral wool insulation frommolten slag. Other names for this type of productare “slag wool” and “rock wool.”1896 – The EDWARD H. EVERETTCOMPANY is manufacturing between 30 and40 tons of glass bottles daily, employing 500men at the main works and 50 more at thesand quarry near Black Hand Gorge on theLicking River.1873 – October 1: The NEWARK STAR GLASSWORKS is founded by Wm. Shields, D. G. King,D. E. Stevens, W. E. Atkinson, & D. C.Winegarner. The plant covers two acres, has onegreen glass pot furnace, and its glass for bottlesand jars is “.unsurpassed anywhere for purityand whiteness.” The plant site is bounded by OakStreet on the north, the B&O tracks on the west,and Furnace Street (an extension of what wouldlater be called Stanberry Street) on the east. Thesite extends just past Log Pond Run on the south.The furnace is in the northeast corner of theproperty. Much of the land later incorporated inthe Newark plant is owned by Wm. Shields.1897 – C. C. Hall begins successfulcommercial manufacture of mineral woolinsulation in Indiana. A stream of molten slagis hit with a steam jet; the slag is torn intodroplets which are propelled outward by thesteam blast, trailing slag fibers behind them.The fibers are collected in a box.Approximately 20%-30% of the approximate19 pounds per cubic foot weight of the mineralwool, thus formed and collected, is composedof droplets or “shot.”*****1880 – Herman Hammesfahr, an Americanshowman, patents a glass cloth made of coarsespun fibers gathered in bundles and woventogether with silk threads.*****1901 – Newark’s Bottle Factory #6 is built.This building will become known as the “HighSchool Building.” The origin of the name isuncertain. Perhaps the most plausibleexplanation is that many 12-14 year old boyswent to work in the factory as apprenticesinstead of to high school; thus, the factorybecame their substitute for an academic orvocational high school education.1880 – August 28: Edward H. Everett buys theNEWARK STAR GLASS WORKS.1885 – December 9: The NEWARK STARGLASS WORKS is renamed the EDWARD H.EVERETT COMPANY.2
1901 – Spring: Fire, caused by lightning, burnsmuch of the Newark plant to the ground.1915 – Crude fiberglass insulation ismanufactured in Germany using the GosslerProcess: molten streams of glass arecollected on a slowly revolving, horizontaldrum, then cut off the drum and fluffed byhand to make a heavy insulation of unevendensity.1902 – January: Reconstruction of the Newarkplant begins; Bottle Factory #7 is built.1904 – First use of spun glass insulation inEurope.1915 – Building #30, the “Pot House Building,”is completed at Newark. Clay boots andchannels for continuous bottle furnaces aremade in the building. (The name derives fromthe clay pots, similar to the boots andchannels, which were used for hand blownbottle manufacture.)1904 – October 11: The EDWARD H. EVERETTCOMPANY becomes part of the OHIO BOTTLECOMPANY.1905 – May 6: The NEWARK MACHINE BOTTLECOMPANY is established at the Newark plant tomake glass bottles using Michael J. Owens’invention: the automatic bottle machine.1916 – The AMERICAN BOTTLE COMPANYretains its name but becomes a subsidiary ofthe OWENS BOTTLE MACHINE COMPANY.1905 – August 25: the AMERICAN BOTTLECOMPANY buys out The OHIO BOTTLECOMPANY.*****1906 – May: Michael J. Owens achieves the firstcommercial production (6-10 bottles per minute)of machine-made bottles in the Southwest cornerof Newark’s Factory #7. (This portion of Building#7 is still standing. In addition to this achievement,this part of Building #7 would later be thelaboratory where the steam blown wool, bondedmat, staple fiber, continuous fiber, aerocor staple,direct melt bonded mat, direct melt continuousfiber, textile mat impregnating, electrode melting,submerged arc melting, and rotary woolprocesses would be developed.)1922 – A new automatic batch plant is built atNewark. (This plant is essentially still in use.)1923 – Newark’s Building #1 is built as abottle warehouse. The monitor roofs covertwo railroad tracks running the full length ofthe building. (This building today houses theNewark Wool Factory.)1925 – CORNING GLASS briefly experimentswith making glass wool.1906 – Bottle Factory #8 is built, it will laterbecome the Newark Wool Factory Furnace Hall Building #8.1927 – Seven companies sell 30,000 tons ofmineral wool insulation per year in the UnitedStates.1907 – Bottle Factory #9 is built and is the firstglass factory with automatic batch handlingequipment (Newark’s present Buildings #‘s 4,5,and 6 now stand on the site.)1927 – Russell Games Slayter, a consultingengineer, invents a method for blowingmineral wool insulation into attics and walls ofhouses.1907 – December 20: the AMERICAN BOTTLECOMPANY buys out The NEWARK MACHINEBOTTLE COMPANY.1928 – JOHNS-MANVlLLE, STANDARD LIME& STONE COMPANY, GENERALINSULATING & MANUFACTURINGCOMPANY (GIMCO), and THERMINSULCORPORATION OF AMERICA are by thistime developing processes to manufacturemineral wool batts continuously. Mineral woolis blown onto a settling conveyor, instead ofinto a collecting box; the mineral wool thusformed is conveyed through a fabricationsection, to be slit to width and cut to length,and then conveyed to a packing station.1909 – The Licking River floods the Newark plant,temporarily interrupting production.1910 – The AMERICAN BOTTLE COMPANY’sNewark plant is the largest bottle factory in theworld.1914 – Hand blown bottle manufacturing isdiscontinued at Newark.3
1929 – In Germany, Rosengarth and Hagerpatent a process in which a stream of moltenglass falls onto a spinning, horizontal disksupported from below. The molten glass is flungoff the disk by centrifugal force to make a crudeform of glass wool. The Hager Process resemblesthe cotton candy spinners found at county fairs,spinning a doughnut of crude glass fibers withhigh shot content into a collection box.1931 – July: Games Slayter hires John R“Jack” Thomas as his full-time researchassistant.1932 – February: Experimental filterproduction is moved from Evansville to O-I’sColumbus, Ohio bottle plant. Tapping a booton a milk bottle furnace provides continuousglass feed.1929 – May 1: William B. Levis, head of theILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY, effects a friendlymerger between his company and the OWENSBOTTLE MACHINE COMPANY. OWENS’AMERICAN BOTTLE COMPANY subsidiary,including the Newark plant, become part of thenew enterprise: the OWENS-ILLNOIS GLASSCOMPANY with William E. Levis as its CEO.1932 – February: After a six-week sales trip,Frank Myers returns with total orders for 36“Dust-Stop” filters!1932 – February 5: The first commercialshipment of a fiberglass product – a “DustStop” filter – is made.1932 – Jan Irvine and Frank Myers begin tobuild sales of “Dust-Stop” furnace filters bypersuading blower manufactures to promotethe filters to furnace manufacturers in order tosell more blowers.*****1930 – July 18: Excess bottle-making capacity,due to prohibition and higher throughputs perbottle machine, cause OWENS-ILLINOIS to closethe Newark plant The furnaces are abandonedhot, when the furnaces cool, they rupture,dropping broken refractory and molten glass intothe furnace hall basements. The plant is left in adreadful state with only a skeleton crewdisassembling equipment for shipment to other,still operating O-I plants.1932 – April 17: First commercial productionof “Dust-Stop” fiberglass furnace filtersoccurs. Production rate is approximately 1,000filters per day.1932 – An experimental insulation woolmachine, similar to a continuous mineral woolbatt production machine, is built. Coarse glassfibers are sprayed with latex as a protectivecoating and binder; the process is notsuccessful.1930 – ARTHUR D. LITTLE consultants suggestthat OWENS-ILLINOIS use its excess glassmaking capacity to manufacture glass mineralwool insulation. Despite recurrent pressure to endthe costly research effort, William E. Levis giveshis full support then and throughout the 1930’s tothe fiberglass experiments and production.1932 – August 17: Dale Kleist, a youngassistant to Jack Thomas, is assigned theexperiment of using a metalayer gun, fed withglass from a milk bottle furnace, to attempt toweld architectural glass block halves togetherto form a vacuum-tight seal. Instead ofproducing a continuous stream of moltenglass, the gun only produces fine glass fibers!Kleist is very frustrated. Jack Thomas walksby, watches for a few moments, grabs someof the fibers, and takes off like a child with atruckload of new toys saying “glass fiber!”Jack Thomas immediately recognizes thatthese fine fibers are the insulation-qualityfibers that Games Slayter has been seeking.Slayter, Thomas, and Kleist realize thatapplying a jet of compressed air smoothly to afine stream of molten glass avoids thedisruption of glass flow inherent in the mineralwool and current fiberglass forming1931 – February: Leonard Soubier and JoeWright conduct experiments in making glassmineral wool at O-I’s Alton, Illinois bottle plant; theresult is heavy, full of shot, and more expensive tomake than mineral wool.1931 – Spring: The experimental apparatus isremoved for transfer to O-I’s Evansville, Indianabottle plant.1931 – April: Games Slayter, hired as aconsultant by OWENS-ILLINOIS’ Vice President,C. B. Belknap, to develop glass block inspectscrude fibers hanging from the roof joists at Altonand concludes that they might make goodfiltration media. He foresees that finer fibers couldmake suitable insulation material.4
processes. The result is a much finer fiber withlower shot content.intertwine, resulting in a felted mat of greatresiliency but very little weight1932 – Fall: Dale Kleist orders a stranger to gethis hands off of the experimental glass wool he ismaking and thereby meets Harold Boeschenstein,the Vice President and General Manager of theOWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY!Boeschenstein is interested in the fiberglassexperiments.1933 – Jack Thomas installs the firstfiberglass insulation in a refrigerator; asphaltis used as a binder.1933 – January: The U. S. GYPSUMCOMPANY agrees to market fiberglassinsulating wool under its own trademark: “RedTop.”1932 – Fall: An experiment with a gigantic versionof the metalayer gun causes an explosion and firewhich disrupts milk bottle production andthreatens to burn the plant down. The result isincreased pressure to either discontinue or movethe fiberglass experiments from the Columbusplant.1933 – Spring: Refractory orifices must bereplaced every 8 hours due to abrasion by themolten glass. The idea of lining the refractoryorifices with a precious metal insert, or“bushing,” is conceived to retard orifice wearand ensure constant glass stream diameters.Ed Fletcher machines the first bushings,which are installed on the filter machineforehearth. Bushings soon develop intoseparate assemblies attached beneathrefractory orifices.1932 – Fall: Dale Kleist suggests to GamesSlayter the concept of using steam instead ofcompressed air to attenuate glass fibers. Kleistbelieves that steam would be cheaper andproduce a much finer fiber. Slayter tells Kleist toshow him how this should be done. Kleist,designs, supervises construction of andsuccessfully operates a steam blower whichmakes glass wool fine enough to be used as acommercial insulation and cheap enough tocompete with mineral wool. The blower runs at200 lb/hr producing a long-fiber wool of 80-100HT diameter. (The experiment is brought to anabrupt end: the boilers are nearly drained by asteam demand of 20,000 lb/hr and the policearrive to discover the cause of the horrendousnoise disturbing the Saturday morning calm.)Nonetheless, this is the start of commercialfiberglass insulation production.1933 – March: Games Slayter has JackThomas conduct experiments at PROCTOR &SCHWARTZ in Philadelphia using glass woolinstead of natural fibers on textile processingmachinery. These experiments indicate thepossibility of substituting glass fibers fornatural or other synthetic fibers in textileapplications.1933 – July: The first sale of experimentalglass fiber insulation as a substitute forasbestos and silk in electrical wireapplications occurs.1933 – October: The first commercialinstallation of “Red Top” insulation occurs in abuilding in Wheaton, Illinois.1932 – The U. S. Navy Bureau of Ships beginsusing fiberglass “White Wool” insulation forhorizontal spaces in new warship construction.White Wool is unsuitable for vertical spaces;being unbonded, it settles into a heap at thebottoms of bulkheads.1933 – October 2: First experimentalproduction of Staple Sliver or “Glass Cotton”takes place. Staple yarns will bemanufactured until the 1970’s for use as yarnsin insulating electrical wire and cable and forother purposes.1932 – December: Slayter, Thomas, Kleist, EdFletcher, Hany V. “Snuffy” Smith, Al Simison, D.C. “Shorty” Simpson, W. MI. Bergin, GeorgeLannan, J. K. Park, Ben Boyd, and others developthe steam-blown fiberglass process used to makeinsulation and filter media for the next 42 years.Steam is used instead of compressed air due tocost. The jet of steam smoothly applied to multiplefine streams of molten glass attenuates thestreams into fibers. The multiple fibers naturally1933 – December: ARTHUR D. LITTLEconsultants working with O-I develop the firstcompletely successful filter adhesive. Theadhesive, applied to the coarse filter fibers,causes dust to adhere to the fibers.1933 – December 5: Expanding fiberglassexperiments increasingly interfere with bottle5
1934 – Oil emulsion is first mixed and sprayedon fiberglass wool and filter media fibersimmediately downstream of the bushings toprevent fiber break-up. The building where themixing is done becomes known as the “OilHouse” (Building #20).production. Plant management is concerned thatballs of fiberglass wool might get inside the milkbottles. Moreover, viscous milk bottle glass isseen to be unsuitable for fiberglass manufacture.The decision is made to relocate the fiberglassoperations to the closed Newark, Ohio plant. FredSchlotter is the first plant manager, Ben Boyd isthe first wool factory superintendent and BillBergin is the first plant engineer. Work begins atNewark to mine debris out the former BottleFactory #8 and recondition the #2 (later “B”) and#3 (later “C”) furnaces and to prepare the formerBottle Factory #7 as a laboratory and machineshop. The Newark plant becomes part of OWENSILLINOIS (Onized) Industrial Materials Division.1934 – November 28: First experimentalBonded Mat machine begins making batteryseparator mat in Building #7 Pilot plant.1935 – Games Slayter invents the concept ofapplying asphalt coated Kraft paper to WhiteWool as a vapor barrier.1935 – Dale Kleist and Frank Vanucci use theEdgerton high speed “spark” photographyprocess to photograph glass “vee” jets foranalysis purposes.1934 – Spring: F. W. “Doc” Atkinson developsand builds the first bushing transformer andflexible busbar assembly. This equipment allowsprecise temperature control of the bushing,thereby allowing precise regulation of glass flowand viscosity.1935 – Spring: To improve fiberglass woolpack formation, Slayter and Kleist design steelchutes positioned beneath each wool machinebushing. The chutes direct the steam andfiberglass blast downward into an enclosed,streamlined-steel “forming hood.” They areinitially installed on C-1 and C-2 white woolmachines.1934 – May 7: Filter media production begins inNewark on equipment relocated from Columbusto the Southwest end of Building #7.1934 – May 15: The Research Laboratory ismoved from Columbus to Newark, Games Slayterbecomes an O-I employee.1935 – Spring: The C-Furnace bushings arerepositioned in two lines running along themachine flow direction and at right angles tothe furnace backwall. This results in aconsiderable improvement and establishesthe bushing layout for all future woolmachines.1934 – June 6: White Wool production begins atNewark on two 30 inch wide machines each with8 bushings fed from the #3 (later “C”) furnace at amaximum furnace pull rate of 25 tons per day.The bushings are positioned in a single lineacross the machines, parallel to the backwall ofthe furnace.1935 – Al Simison and ARTHUR D. LITTLEconsultants experimentally combine fiberglasswool with a Bakelite binder, thus making thefirst fiberglass-reinforced plastic material.1934 – October: J. L. Tucker uses a hand loomand Staple fibers to produce the first woven glasscloth.1935 – August 30: Jack Thomas and DaleKleist make the initial patent application forglass wool manufacture. OWENS-ILLINOIS’legal department advises not issuing thepatent to ensure secrecy.1934 – Granular batch is supplemented by remelting huge quantities of Canada Dry Ginger Alebottles and other bottles abandoned since the1930 closing of the Newark plant. The bottlesdidn’t make the best quality fiberglass, but at leastthe plant site is cleared.1935 – September: Dr. Urban E. Bowes, O-I’sDirector of Research, proposes the use ofborosilicate glass formulas for fiberglassinsulation; borosilicate glasses eliminatefiberglass wool disintegration due to moistureattack or “weathering.”1934 – Resenting production interruptions bySlayter’s research team, the plant erects an 8-foothigh fence separating Building #7, the researchbuilding, from the rest of the plant; a pass-key isrequired to open the gate. In time, relationsimprove and the fence comes down.1935 – George Gregory, a consultant toCORNING GLASS, advises CORNING of the6
1936 – May 17: Two-thirds of Building #7 atNewark burns to the ground. The probablecause is spontaneous combustion of coatingson early sample filters stored in the loft of thebuilding. Samples, models, and most earlyrecords are lost in the fire. The South end ofthe building and the experimental laboratory itcontains survive the fire; the machine shopand chemical lab equipment are salvaged andtemporarily relocated to other buildings.potential growth of the fiberglass buildinginsulation market; CORNING opens negotiationswith OWENS-ILLINOIS. O-I management seespotential advantage in tapping CORNINGGLASS’s unique knowledge of glass formulations,especially borosilicate glasses.1935 – October 14: William E. Levis of OWENSILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY and AmoryHoughton of CORNING GLASS agree to pooltheir knowledge and share the costs of fiberglassdevelopments.1936 – Experiments with bentonite-saturatedfiberglass pipe insulation begin on the secondfloor of the Newark “High School” Building(formerly Bottle Factory #6). The bentonite isintended to improve K value but is not verysuccessful.1935 – Slayter and Thomas conceive the idea ofmechanically-pulled, as opposed to steam-blown,glass fibers for textile applications; this fiber typewould be known as “Continuous Fiber” or “GlassSilk.”1936 – Manufacture of Metal Mesh Blankets,White Wool tied to steel mesh fabric, beginsfor use in insulating boilers and turbines.1935 – November: First experiments areconducted in Continuous Fiber manufacture.Fibers are drawn from the bushing over a flannelpad, saturated by a steady drip feed of a starchbased size, and wound on a phenolic tube on aG-21 type Winder. Forming packages are “built”by a horizontal, rotating Traverse Wheel: pinsprojecting from the rim of the wheel engage thefiber, pulling it across the face of the revolvingwinding tube. When the pin disengages from thefiber, the fiber tension pulls the fiber in theopposite direction across the winding tube untilthe fiber is engaged by the next Traverse Wheelpin. (Later, water mist sprays are placed abovethe size application pad to cool the filaments, thusgiving rise to the term “Pre Pad Sprays.”) HenrySnow builds and operates the first continuousunit.1936 – CORNING GLASS develops the 12foot wide Norwood Stitcher sewing machine tosew White Wool batts to paper or clothbackings to make insulation suitable forinstallation in walls.1936 – Fall: Three experimental continuousfiber bushings and winders are operating inthe Building #7 Pilot plant.1936 – December: Games Slayter and EdFletcher invent “Curly Wool.” This product ismade by using intermeshing spur-gear-typepullers to pull filaments just downstream of thebushing. The resulting product looks and feelssimilar to steel wool. Intended to be acommercial insulation product, productionproves uneconomical: the glass would have tobe of optical quality and the spur gear pullerswould have to pull glass at speeds in excessof 40,000 feet per minute! The equipment isused periodically over the years to make smallquantities of Curly Wool for catalyst media,filters, missile silo insulation, and other specialpurposes. It is moved to Huntingdon in 1972and later moved to Ashton where it isabandoned in 1974.1935 – Blowing Wool is first made using a twostage cuber. This machine proves unsatisfactoryand is soon replaced by shredders, which arerolled to the discharge ends of the wool lines tomake Blowing Wool from virgin White Wool.1935 – Newark’s Bottle Factory #9 and otherdecrepit buildings are razed.1936 – January 17: FIBERGLAS, spelled with one“S”, is first used as a trademark on O-I fiberglassproducts. The trademark is rendered in anelegant, cursive script.1937 – A-1 Filter Machine is temporarilyinstalled on the North side of Newark’sBuilding #8; it remains in place for the next 18years!1936 – OWENS-ILLINOIS helps CORNINGGLASS establish experimental wool and otherequipment at CORNING’s plant in Corning NewYork.1937 – September: E-1 Machine, 30 incheswide with a 2 ton furnace, is built to7
1938 – November 1: OWENS CORNINGFIBERGLAS CORPORATION is announced;Harold Boeschenstein (“Beck”), formerly O-I’sVice President and General Sales Manager, isnamed President and General Manager.Games Slayter and W. Paul Zimmerman,formerly Manager of O-I’s Glass Fiber andBlock Division, become Vice Presidents; A. C.Freligh, formerly of CORNING GLASS,becomes Secretary, and Harry K Winkle, ofO-I, becomes Comptroller. General offices arelocated in Toledo in the Second National Bankand Toledo Trust Buildings. Ownership of thestock: 47-1/2% to O-I and 47-1/2% toCorning, with the remaining 5% held forpurchase by the OWENS CORNINGexecutives. In addition, 2,100M of preferredstock is split 5 for O-I to 1 share for Corning toaccount for the value of the Newark plantturned over by O-I to OWENS CORNING.Equipment is transferred from Corning, NewYork to Newark. 543 people are employed atNewark.manufacture specialty Navy Wool insulation. Ittakes an hour to make one roll of this insulation(27-30 lb./B.O.H.).1937 – On “Dustop” filters, O-I changes theexpanded metal retainers, used to hold thefiberglass media in place, to perforated metalplates. The plates are the metal sheets used bysoft drink companies to punch out metal disks tobe made into bottle caps!1937 – October 20: Building #7, rebuilt in ArtDeco glass blocks and tile, is dedicated as theOWENS-ILLINOIS Research Laboratory;Research and Development is located in thisbuilding until the construction of the GranvilleTechnical Center.1937 – November: Six Continuous Fiber Windersin the “High School” Building produce E glass atthe rate of one pound per hour per machine.1937 – Jack Thomas patents the design of acentrifugal spinner with a single row of holes,supported from overhead. This design permitsglass fibers produced by the spinner to becollected on a moving conveyor belt beneath thespinner instead of in a box as with the HagerProcess. The patent is shelved in favor ofcontinuing development of the steam blownprocess. This is the first real rotary processpatent.1938 – Production of glass marbles, replacingcullet, begins and improves the reliability ofthe Continuous Forming process. Marbles aremade by melting batch in desk-sized “daytanks” and hand ladling molten glass into themarble machines. The design of the marblemaking machines is adapted from machinesused by the AKRO AGATE COMPANY tomake the glass spheres used by children toplay “marbles.”1938 – Forty Continuous Winders are nowoperating, along with 10 Staple Winders in the“High School” Building.1938 – Experimental production of asphaltsaturated fiberglass expansion joints forhighway construction begins on the secondfloor of the “High School” Building.1938 – Economic recession and competition fromimproved forms of mineral wool cause OWENSILLINOIS to operate the Newark FIBERGLASplant at half-capacity. Continuing losses andexperimental costs prompt OWENS-ILLINOIS andCORNING GLASS to consider spinning off theexperimental fiberglass operations as a separatecompany to “sink or swim” on its own. As HaroldBoeschenstein puts it, O-I and Corning decide“.to stake the boy and put him on his own.”1938 – Al Simison and Bill Bergin patent athermosetting phenol- formaldehyde resin andoil emulsion blend for use as a binder inmanufacturing fiberglass insulating wool.1938 – December31: OWENS CORNINGsales for 1938 total 2,555,000; employmentis 632 people.1938 – June 28: The patent for glass woolmanufacture (2,121,802) is granted to JackThomas and Dale Kleist.1939 – W. Paul Zimmerman “Zim” sponsorsaddition of a 100 foot long curing oven to theC-1 White Wool machine to cure phenolicbased binder applied in the forming hood tomake rigid and semi-rigid fiberglass insulatingwool; Slayter is very skeptical.1938 – October 31: Papers incorporating thefiberglass operation as a separate company arefiled with the state of Delaware.8
1939 – March: C-I Machine successfully producesthe first PF (Permanent Form) wool. PF woolgradually replaces Sewn Blanket insulation,permits improved residential and commercialinsulation, and opens new opportunities forinsulation of naval construction and industrialinsulation applications. Insulation is made from1/2 inch to 6 inches in thickness at line speedsranging from 125 feet per minute to 6 feet perminute.1940 – The Continuous and Staple twistingand weaving operations are transferred fromthe “High School” Building to the second floorof Building #2.1940 – The first graphite roll-type sizeapplicators begin to replace size-saturatedflannel pads in the Continuous FormingProcess.1939 – Molded Pipe production, using PF binder,begins in the “High School” Building. Uncured PFwool is placed in molds, which are inserted intopresses and there cured to the desired pipeinsulation shapes. The presses are modifiedautomobile tire presses.1940 – February: People in the Toledo TrustBuilding are moved to the National BankBuilding in the first Toledo office move.1939 – Dr. Fay V. Tooley becomes Director ofGlass Research, Development and Control.1940 – Experiments in using heat sinteringand heat sintering combined with bentoniteinstead of the phenolic-formaldehyde binderto make semi-rigid batts and pipe insulationprove unsuccessful.1940 - September: #1 Bonded Mat Machinebegins operation in Newark.1939 – July 11: FIBERGLAS CANADA isincorporated.1939 – OWENS CORNING has an attentioncatching display at the World’s Fair in FlushingMeadows, New York. Staple and continuousyarns are manufactured on-site and fiberglasssamples and booklets are given to visitors. (Theoperation even runs at a profit!)1941 – The Consolidated Batch Plant isinstalled in Newark’s Building #17 to makebatch briquettes to replace cullet in thecontinuous forming bushings. Intended toreduce batch segregation, the result is exactlythe opposite. Experiments continue for sometime, but the process is never successful.1939 – The U. S. Navy Bureau of Ships makesOWENS CORNING insulation the standardinsulation for all horizontal and vertical spaces inall new warship construction.1941 – Experiments begin with heat cleaningand treating fiberglass cloth in Newark. Theheat treatment gives the cloth a “better hand”,making it more flexible. Heat cleaning provesto be a key element in making fiberglassfibers suitable for use as reinforcements inplastic laminates.1939 – December 29: OWENS CORNING andthe DUPLATE SAFETY GLASS COMPANYestablish FIBERGLAS CANADA. Each foundingcompany holds a 50% share of FIBERGLASCANADA. Later, PPG will buy out the DUPLATESAFETY GLASS interest.1941 – June 2: The Ashton, Rhode Islandplant begins operations. Ashton is a 73-yearold former textile factory purchased byOWENS CORNING and equipped tomanufacture Continuous and Staple fibers.Ashton thus becomes the second OWENSCORNING manufacturing plant.1939 – December 31: OWENS CORNING netloss is 11,555 on sales of 3,800,000; OWENSCORNING employs 1,080 people.*****1941 – September: Fiberglas Canada beginstextile production at the DUPLATE SAFETYGLASS plant in Oshawa, Ontario.1940 – The World’s Fair exhibit continues. A newfeature is a conventional 10 HP motor contrastedto a fiberglass-in
Hammesfahr glass cloth at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The dress is made by the LIBBEY GLASS COMPANY in Toledo to create additional interest in its cut glass exhibition at the fair. The dress, impossibly heavy and brittle, proves impractical for ordinary wear. (The dress is presently
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history, criminal history, alcohol or other drug history, mental and physical illness history, unethical and professional problems, organization history, malpractice history, employment/training history, fraud history, required supervised hours, and educational
History 1301 Department of History Department: Social Sciences Discipline: History Course Number: HISTORY 1301 Course Title: United States History I Credit: 3 Lecture, 0 Lab Satisfies a core curriculum requirement? Yes, American History Prerequisites: TSI complia
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History and is currently editing an Encyclopedia of Modern World History. He has written several thematic studies in world history, including The Industrial Revolution in World History (2nd ed., Westview, 1998), Gender in World History (2nd ed., Routledge, 2006), Consumerism in World History (2nd ed.,
Contents Introduction 5 Teaching the history of mathematics at the University of St Andrews 9 History in the undergraduate mathematics curriculum – a case study from Greenwich 13 Teaching History of Mathematics at King’s College London 15 History for learning Analysis 19 History of Mathematics in a College of Education Context 23 Teaching the history
