U.S. Vital Statistics System
U.S. VitalStatistics SystemMajor Activities and Developments, 1950-95From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Health StatisticsIncludes reprint of "History andOrganization of the Vital StatisticsSystem" to 1950U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Health StatisticsCENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROLAND PREVENTION
National Center for Health StatisticsEdward J. Sondik, Ph.D., DirectorJack R. Anderson, Deputy DirectorJack R. Anderson, Acting Associate Director forInternational StatisticsLester R. Curtin, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director forResearch and MethodologyJacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,Epidemiology, and Health PromotionGail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Data Standards,Program Development, and Extramural ProgramsEdward L. Hunter, Associate Director for Planning, Budget,and LegislationJennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director forVital and Health Statistics SystemsStephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director forManagementCharles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for DataProcessing and ServicesDivision of Vital StatisticsMary Anne Freedman, DirectorJames A. Weed, Ph.D., Deputy DirectorGeorge A. Gay, Special Assistant for Registration MethodsHarry M. Rosenberg, Ph.D., Chief, Mortality StatisticsBranchVacant, Chief, Reproductive Statistics BranchNicholas F. Pace, Acting Chief, Systems, Programming, andStatistical Resources BranchRonald F. Chamblee, Chief, Data Acquisition and EvaluationBranch
AcknowledgmentsThis report was prepared by Alice M. Hetzel under contract with the National Association for PublicHealth Statistics and Information Systems (NAPHSIS), formerly the Association for Vital Records and HealthStatistics (AVRHS).The author is grateful to NAPHSIS for sponsoring this update of the history of the vital statistics systemin the United States. Special recognition is owed to Mary Anne Freedman and Frederick L. King, who, duringtheir tenure as officers and executive committee members of AVRHS, actively supported initiation of theproject. The association sought the cooperation of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) andgained the support of Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H., former Director of NCHS, and John E. Patterson,former Director of the Division of Vital Statistics. Coordination between NAPHSIS and NCHS was expertlyprovided under the leadership of George A. Gay, Chief, Registration Methods Branch, Division of VitalStatistics.Many persons within NAPHSIS and NCHS contributed to the production of this history with suggestionsfor subjects to be included and help in locating pertinent reports and memoranda and in processing the finalmanuscript for publication. The author is especially indebted to Judy M. Barnes of the Registration MethodsBranch for her technical assistance with the content of the report and with the activities associated with itspublication. Specific acknowledgment is made to the following reviewers, whose comments helped shape thereport: Robert Bilgrad, Linda Bordonaro, John Brockert, Joe Carney, Ronald Chamblee, Marshall Evans,Joseph Farrell, Mary Anne Freedman, Donna Glenn, Robert D. Grove, Ph.D., Nancy Hamilton, Susan Hawk,Robert Heuser, Frederick L. King, A. Joan Klebba, Michael Kogan, Ph.D., Julia Kowaleski, William Mosher,Stephanie Mounts, Sherry Murphy, William Pratt, Mabel Smith, James Spitler, George Van Amburg, andJames A. Weed, Ph.D.Manuscript preparation was ably and patiently prepared by Gayle Shannon. This report was edited byDemarius V. Miller and typeset by Zung T.N. Le, Division of Data Services, Publications Branch.iii
ContentsAcknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Organizational changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Transfer to the Public Health Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .National Center for Health Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222Supporting activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Developmental activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Model Vital Statistics Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U.S. standard certificates and reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Registration areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5569Improvement of data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tests of birth registration completeness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Query programs for improving birth and death data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Current Mortality Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cause-of-death classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Comparability studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ranking causes of death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automated mortality data system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Electronic registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Multiple causes-of-death statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Race and ethnicity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fetal death and induced termination of pregnancy data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linked birth/infant death data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1010111112131314141515161717Special projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Vital statistics rates in the United States: 1940–60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Vital and health statistics monographs, 1959–61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Cooperative developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Vital statistics component of the Cooperative Health Statistics System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19State centers for health statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Supplemental data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Follow-back surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .National Survey of Family Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .National Death Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21212223Availability of vital statistics data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Public-use data tapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CD-ROM with SETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vital statistics in the 21st century: A vision for the future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2424242525References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26v
AppendixesI.Appendix tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28II.History and Organization of the Vital Statistics System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43vi
U.S. Vital Statistics SystemMajor Activities and Developments: 1950–95PrefaceThe early history of the vital statistics system waspresented in detail in Vital Statistics of the UnitedStates, Volume I, 1950. This earlier document isreprinted in this publication in appendix II. Thatreport begins with the early collection and preservation of registration records as legal evidence of theoccurrence of the event, primarily for use in protectingindividual rights. It then describes the era in whichdeath records by cause became recognized as essentialfor control of epidemics and for other public healthinterests. The report goes on to cover how welfarelegislation of the 1930’s and emergency World War IIlegislation of the 1940’s brought about an unprecedented demand by individuals for their birth certificates.Included in the earlier report is a description ofthe long, hard-fought, and often discouraging campaign of individuals, associations, and State and Federal agencies to bring about uniform registration lawsand reporting forms that could not only serve theincreasing needs of individuals for their records butalso provide data for statistical analysis at all levels ofgovernment. The establishment, development, andcompletion of the registration areas designed to provide national birth and death statistics and the earlyefforts that ultimately led to establishment of similarregistration areas for providing marriage and divorcedata are described. The report traces the Federalfunction in vital statistics from its origin in the Bureauof the Census to its placement in the National Office ofVital Statistics in the Public Health Service in 1946.The purpose of this report is to pick up where the1950 report ended and describe further developmentsand major activities and accomplishments that occurredfrom 1950 through 1995. Most of the informationincluded was obtained from or based upon materialcontained in government reports. Material from the1950 report is repeated in certain instances to providean informative context for understanding the morerecent developments. Reference is also made to somepre-1950 activities and achievements that were notdiscussed in the earlier report.All publications that were reviewed by the authorin preparing this report are referred to in the text orcited as sources. Because the publications reviewedare in the public domain, much of the material in themis widely used, appears in numerous publications, andconsequently, is likely to appear in publications notcited in this report.IntroductionVital statistics for the United States are obtainedfrom the official records of live births, deaths, fetaldeaths, marriages, divorces, and annulments. The official recording of these events is the responsibility ofthe individual States and independent registrationareas (District of Columbia, New York City, and territories) in which the event occurs; the Federal Government obtains use of the records for statistical purposesthrough a cooperative arrangement with the responsible agency in each State.Since 1950 attention has been focused on improving the quality of vital statistics and making themmore useful and widely available. Interest in vitalstatistics widened when State and Federal agencies,challenged to define needs for and effects of variousState and Federal health and welfare programs, beganlooking for pertinent and reliable statistics on which tobase judgments. The registration certificates assumednew importance as they were looked to as a source ofcredible national vital and health statistics for use byall levels of government, institutions, and the generalpublic.Demand for this information increased, andresearch was undertaken to determine the most economical and effective application of the rapidly developing data processing technology. Updating datacollecting, recording, and processing techniques to keepabreast of rapidly evolving automation capabilitiesbecame an increasingly important part of the vitalstatistics program.As health and social issues became more complex,the content of the information collected on the vitalrecords was expanded and measures to improve its1
2Major Activities and Developmentsquality and usefulness were added. Supplemental datasources were developed to augment and enrich theinformation obtained from the registration system.The function of producing national vital statisticswas shifted several times from one organizational unitof the Federal Government to another, the most consequential being its merging with the National HealthSurvey to form the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The following is a discussion of the mostprominent milestones in the progress of the nationalvital statistics program during the last half of the 20thcentury.Organizational changesThe act of Congress that made the Bureau of theCensus a permanent full-time agency of the FederalGovernment in 1902 also gave the Bureau statutoryauthority to establish registration areas to producenationally comparable vital statistics. This put intomotion the development of a system for the annualcollection of vital statistics data on a national basis.Transfer to the Public Health ServiceThese collection activities continued in the Division of Vital Statistics of the Bureau of the Censusuntil July 1946. At that time the Bureau of the Budget’s recommendations of 1943 were adopted, and theFederal Security Administration (one of the agenciesthat was combined with others to form the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in April 1953)was given authority for Federal functions in vitalstatistics. The National Office of Vital Statistics wasestablished in the Public Health Service, with thehead of the office reporting directly to the SurgeonGeneral.National Center for Health StatisticsIn 1960 the National Office of Vital Statistics wasmerged with the National Health Survey to establishthe National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).Effective in September 1963, NCHS was reorganized,with the Division of Vital Statistics becoming one offive operating divisions. This reorganization separatedsupport activities, such as data processing and publication activities, from the substantive vital statisticsprogram operations.Dr. Forrest E. Linder, the first director of NCHS,articulated the widely held expectations for the newlyestablished center in his comments at the Public HealthConference on Records and Statistics held in 1962. Heenvisioned the center as ‘‘not just a factory, but ascientific organization,’’ the existence of which wouldpermit greater emphasis on analysis as opposed tomere collection and dissemination of statistics. Holding it to be essential to protect the integrity of NCHSstatistics by distinguishing analysis from propagandaor a program for promotion of solutions to problems,he looked to analysis to identify and clarify problemsthat needed solution.Dr. Linder saw the center as providing emphasison methodological research in all areas of concern tohealth statistics. This included registration methodsfor vital events, extended relations with the States,more research into operational techniques, and leadership in new areas of data collection, follow-back surveys, and the gathering of institutional data. Hewelcomed the enlarged relationships made possible bythe center, including intergovernmental cooperation,international exchanges, and collaboration with universities, survey centers, and health organizations.The Health Services Research and Evaluation andHealth Statistics Act of 1974 (Public Law 93–353)established NCHS in law and codified its mandate andauthorities under section 306 of the Public HealthService Act. The Act provided for NCHS to collectstatistics on a broad range of health-related subjects,including births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. Itestablished the National Committee on Vital and HealthStatistics as an expert advisory committee to theSecretary of the Department of Health, Education,and Welfare. It called for the center to undertake andsupport research demonstrations and evaluationsregarding survey methods and to provide technicalassistance to State and local jurisdictions. Subsequentchanges in public laws that established, amended, orextended NCHS authorities did not substantially affectthe national vital statistics system.Supporting activitiesThe history of vital statistics is interlaced withsupportive endorsements and activities of numerousassociations and organizations. From the earliest daysof their existen
U.S. Vital Statistics System U.S. Vital Statistics System Major Activities and Developments, 1950-95 From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics Includes reprint of "History and Organization of the Vital Statistics System" to 1950 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
1 I - VITAL STATISTICS Definition of a Vital statistics System and Sources of data 1.1 A vital statistics system is defined as the total process of 1 (a) collecting information by civil registration or enumeration on the frequency of occurrence of specified and defined vital events, as well
VITAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES: MORTALITY, 1999 TECHNICAL APPENDIX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The technical appendix preparation was coordinated by Sherry L. Murphy in the Division of Vital Statistics under the general direction of Harry M. Rosenberg, Special Assistant for International Mortality Statistics. The vital statistics
Diamond Touch POS YES Vital/TSYS PC Charge Digital Dining (by MenuSoft) YES Vital/TSYS Digital Payment Tech YES Vital/TSYS Authorize.net. Dina Touch Pos YES PC Charge DINERWARE YES Vital/TSYS DirectTouch YES Vital/TSYS Vital/TSYS NETePay DataTran / Data Cap Dispensary Management YES Vital/
ALABAMA VITAL STATISTICS 2016 Vital Statistics health department frequency equation state reporting EDRS date age age age age trend total chart populationvital vital .
providers or students to teach basic vital signs skills Use the navigation buttons below to move through the tutorial Click here to get started! Use this button to advance to Use this button to the next slide go back to the previous slide Use this button to go back toFile Size: 1MBPage Count: 31Explore furtherHow to Take Vital Signs – Step-by-Step Manual .www.usamedicalsurgical.comPrintable Vital Sign Sheet - Fill Out and Sign Printable .www.signnow.comPPT – Vital Signs PowerPoint presentation free to .www.powershow.comPowerPoint Presentationfaculty.cbu.caMeasuring Basic Observations (Vital Signs) - OSCE Guide .geekymedics.comRecommended to you b
Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2012 1 vol. (various paging) Previous title: South African Statistics 1995 Suid-Afrikaanse Statistieke 1995 Title continues in English only ISBN: 978-0-621-40949-9 1. Population Statistics 2. Tourist trade 3. Vital statistics 4. Education South Africa Statistics 5. Labour Statistics 6. Prices 7. South Africa .
3) Industry, Tourism, Investment Statistics 4) Agricultural and Rural Sector 5) External Trade 6) Demographic and Population Statistics 7) Social and labour Statistics 8) Civil Registration and Vital Statistics 9) Health Statistics 10) Education Statistics 11) Energy
Achieved a high qualification In Radiology such as American Board, ABRMI or equivalent. Has an experience of at least 3 years after the higher qualification. Of the rank of Consultant Radiologist. Is employed on a full time basis , in the selected training hospital/ center -6-4.2 - Responsibilities and Duties of the Trainer Responsible for the actual performance of the trainee. Look after the .
