Of Appraisers Continuing Education
Montana Board of Real Estate AppraisersApproved Continuing EducationUpdated 1/21/21A1ProviderBCourse Name** The approval for courses highlighted yellow has expired.CMontana CourseApproval NumberDNumber ofHours2 A NOBLE EDUCATIONAPPRAISERS ECONOMIC FOURM (AppraiserFest)REA‐CEC‐REC‐10643113 AG LENDERS RANGE SCHOOL INCAG LENDERS RANGE SCHOOLREA‐CEC‐REC‐11032154 ALLTERRA GROUP LLC2015 Valuation ExpoREA‐CEC‐REC‐7181145 ALLTERRA GROUP LLC2016 VALUATION EXPO BALTIMOREREA‐CEC‐REC‐8108146 ALLTERRA GROUP LLC2018 VALUATION EXPO CHARLESTONREA‐CEC‐REC‐9789147 ALLTERRA GROUP LLC2019 VALUATION EXPO CHICAGOREA‐CEC‐REC‐10879148 ALLTERRA GROUP LLC2019 VALUATION EXPO VEGASREA‐CEC‐REC‐11632149 ALLTERRA GROUP LLCVALUATION EXPO 2016 VEGASREA‐CEC‐REC‐84331410 ALLTERRA GROUP LLCVALUATION EXPO 2017 LAS VEGASREA‐CEC‐REC‐92881411 ALLTERRA GROUP LLCVALUATION EXPO 2017 ORLANDOREA‐CEC‐REC‐861414AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM12 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS15 HOUR NATIONAL USPAP COURSE (A113)REA‐CEC‐REC‐71431515 HOUR NATIONAL USPAP COURSE (A113)REA‐CEC‐REC‐965315/1415 HOUR NATIONAL USPAP COURSE (A113)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1197614/1515 HOUR NATIONAL USPSP COURSE (A113)REA‐CEC‐REC‐7531157 HOUR NATIONAL USPA COURSE (A114)REA‐CEC‐REC‐741277 HOUR NATIONAL USPAP COURSE (A114)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1193377‐HOUR NATIONAL USPAP COURSE (A114)REA‐CEC‐REC‐95717ADVANCED APPRAISAL EXAM PREPARATION COURSEREA‐CEC‐REC‐930420ADVANCED APPRAISAL EXAM PREPARATION COURSEREA‐CEC‐REC‐1276720ADVANCED RURAL CASE STUDIES (A400)REA‐CEC‐REC‐930536ADVANCED RURAL CASE STUDIES (A400)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1276636AGRICULTURAL CHATTEL VALUATIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐94398AGWARE BACK TO BASICSREA‐CEC‐REC‐89137AGWARE'S DATALOF & CLICKFORMS SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐1242915APPRAISAL OF WATER RIGHTS SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐127658APPRAISAL THROUGH THE EYES OF THE REVIEWERREA‐CEC‐REC‐71447AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM13 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM14 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS15161718192021222324252627AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL ucationContinuingEducationFGCourseExpiration Contact FirstDateNameHICourse ContactLast NameCourse Contact PhoneNumberJK9/19/2021 LoriNoble304‐573‐2357Course Contact WebsitewwwNOV123.comwww.appraiserfest.com2/14/2022 com6/2/2018 karen@allterragroup.com4/19/2019 karen@allterragroup.com1/12/2021 karen@allterragroup.com1/3/2022 karen@allterragroup.com7/9/2022 karen@allterragroup.com10/13/2019 karen@allterragroup.com6/16/2020 karen@allterragroup.com1/13/2020 info@allterragroup.com5/5/2018 .org11/3/2020 .org11/1/2022 .org11/25/2018 .org10/16/2018 .org10/23/2022 .org10/13/2020 .org6/28/2020 .org5/21/2023 .org6/29/2020 .org5/21/2023 .org9/13/2020 .org3/9/2020 .org3/6/2023 .org5/21/2023 .org5/5/2018 .orgCourse Provider Emaillori@appraiserfest.com
Montana Board of Real Estate AppraisersApproved Continuing EducationUpdated CAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSBCourse Name** The approval for courses highlighted yellow has expired.CMontana CourseApproval NumberDNumber ofHoursAPPRAISING AG FACILITIES: POULTRY SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐80908APPRAISING AG FACILITIES: SWINE CONFINEMENT SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐128617APPRAISING AGRICULTURAL LAND IN TRANSITIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐125778APPRAISING NATURAL RESOURCESREA‐CEC‐REC‐71468APPRAISING NATURAL RESOURCESREA‐CEC‐REC‐81147.5APPRAISING RURAL RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIESREA‐CEC‐REC‐78658ASFMRA 86TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 1REA‐CEC‐REC‐72936ASFMRA 87TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 1REA‐CEC‐REC‐83786ASFMRA 87TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 2REA‐CEC‐REC‐83763ASFMRA 88TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 1REA‐CEC‐REC‐95706ASFMRA 89TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 1REA‐CEC‐REC‐106225ASFMRA 89TH ANNUAL CONVENTION DAY 2REA‐CEC‐REC‐105553ASFMRA 90TH ANNUAL CONVENTIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐118545BACK TO EARTH: CURRENT STATE OF SECTION 1031 EXCHANGESREA‐CEC‐REC‐108292BASIC APPRAISAL PRINCIPLES (A101)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1193628/30BASIC APPRAISAL PROCEDURES (A102)REA‐CEC‐REC‐967330/28BASIC APPRAISAL PROCEDURES (A102)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1317528/30BEST IN BUSINESS ETHICSREA‐CEC‐REC‐82193BEST PRACTICES FOR RURAL PROPERTY APPRAISALSREA‐CEC‐REC‐86588COST APPROACH FOR GENERAL APPRAISERS (A301)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1193527/30CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESREA‐CEC‐REC‐75918DRONES IN AGRICULTURE: ROLES AND GOALSREA‐CEC‐REC‐91934EMINENT DOMAINREA‐CEC‐REC‐812920EMINENT DOMAINREA‐CEC‐REC‐812922EMINENT DOMAIN (A250)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1133520/22AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM42 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM43 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM44 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM45 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM46 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM47 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS48495051AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM52 MANAGERS & RURAL piration Contact FirstDateNameHIJKCourse ContactLast NameCourse Contact PhoneNumberCourse Contact WebsiteCourse Provider Email4/6/2019 .org6/18/2023 .org3/23/2023 .org5/5/2018 .org5/13/2019 .org3/10/2019 .org9/2/2018 .org9/29/2019 .org9/29/2019 .org10/13/2020 .org9/12/2021 .org8/13/2018 .org10/3/2022 .org12/7/2021 .rog10/23/2022 .org11/14/2020 .org11/6/2023 .org7/6/2019 .org2/6/2019 .org10/23/2022 .org1/29/2019 .org4/28/2020 .org5/20/2019 .org5/20/2019 .org11/18/2020 .org
Montana Board of Real Estate AppraisersApproved Continuing EducationUpdated 1/21/21A153545556ProviderAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSBCourse Name** The approval for courses highlighted yellow has expired.CMontana CourseApproval NumberDNumber ofHoursEMINENT DOMAIN (A250)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1319714FARMLAND DRAINAGE TITLE: VALUATION AND USAGEREA‐CEC‐REC‐114838FOR LAND'S SAKEREA‐CEC‐REC‐119842FOUNDATIONS OF APPRAISAL REVIEWREA‐CEC‐REC‐717740FOUNDATIONS OF APPRAISAL REVIEW (A600)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1022140/36GENERAL MARKET ANALYSIS AND HIGHEST & BEST USE (A290)REA‐CEC‐REC‐891028/30GENERAL MARKET ANALYSIS AND HIGHEST & BEST USE (A290)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1253828/30HIGHEST & BEST USE SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐71458HIGHEST & BEST USE SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐84408INCOME APPROACH APPLICATIONSREA‐CEC‐REC‐83634INCOME APPROACH APPLICATIONSREA‐CEC‐REC‐84398INCOME APPROACH FOR GENERAL APPRAISERS, PART 1REA‐CEC‐REC‐1193427/30INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO VALUE (A304)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1319830/27INTEGRATED APROACHES TO VALUE (A304)REA‐CEC‐REC‐979730/27INTRODUCTION TO CANNABIS OPERATIONS AND VALUATIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐114548INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL FOR APPRAISERSREA‐CEC‐REC‐75904INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL FOR APPRAISERSREA‐CEC‐REC‐85744INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL ANALYSISREA‐CEC‐REC‐72028LEGAL PERSPECTIVES OF HEIRS PROPERTY PARTITION ACTIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐108632MAPPING SOFTWARE AND DATA FOR RURAL LAND APPRAISALREA‐CEC‐REC‐108144MARKET AREA AND INDUSTRY ANALYSISREA‐CEC‐REC‐91928MINERALS APPRAISAL SEMINARREA‐CEC‐REC‐113368NATIONAL BEST PRACTICES FOR RURAL PROPERTY APPRAISAL SEMINARPRACTICAL RURAL APPRAISAL WORK PROBLEMS: THREE APPROACHES 103316AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM57 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM58 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM59 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS60616263AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM64 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM65 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM66 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS67686970717273747576AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL uingEducationContinuingEducationFGCourseExpiration Contact FirstDateNameHIJKCourse ContactLast NameCourse Contact PhoneNumberCourse Contact WebsiteCourse Provider Email11/18/2023 .org4/25/2022 .org11/7/2022 .org5/29/2018 .org3/23/2021 .org3/9/2020 .org3/17/2023 .org5/5/2018 .org10/17/2019 .org9/23/2019 .org10/17/2019 .org10/23/2022 .org11/18/2023 .org1/17/2021 .org4/12/2022 .org1/29/2019 .org12/21/2019 .org6/23/2018 .org12/20/2021 .rog11/28/2021 .org4/28/2020 .org3/21/2022 .org10/1/2023 .org2/14/2022 .rog
Montana Board of Real Estate AppraisersApproved Continuing EducationUpdated 1/21/21ABCCourse Name** The approval for courses highlighted yellow has expired.PRACTICAL RURAL APPRAISAL: WORK PROBLEMS USING THE NEWMETHODOLOGYREA‐CEC‐REC‐114848PROPERTY RIGHTS; WHY HAVEN'T I HEARD THIS BEFOREREA‐CEC‐REC‐102048RAPID FIRE CASE STUDIES 2015REA‐CEC‐REC‐72926RAPID FIRE CASE STUDIES 2016REA‐CEC‐REC‐82936RAPID FIRE CASE STUDIES 2018REA‐CEC‐REC‐106206RAPID FIRE CASE STUDIES 2019REA‐CEC‐REC‐117056RAPRID FIRE CASE STUDIES 2017REA‐CEC‐REC‐95686REPORT WRITINGREA‐CEC‐REC‐91918RURAL SALES ANALYSIS AND CONFIRMATIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐72038SALES COMPARISON APPROACH FOR GENERAL APPRAISERS (A302)REA‐CEC‐REC‐891127/30SALES COMPARISON APPROACH FOR GENERAL APPRAISERS (A302)REA‐CEC‐REC‐1230727/30TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN APPRAISAL‐GOOGLE EARTHREA‐CEC‐REC‐82598THE VALUATION OF INTANGIBLE AND NON FINANCIAL ASSETSREA‐CEC‐REC‐836211THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX: APPRAISING UNIQUE & ATYPICAL PROPERTIESREA‐CEC‐REC‐102078TIMBER PROPERTY VALUATIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐92838UNDERSTANDING AND USING COMPARABLE TRANSACTIONSREA‐CEC‐REC‐71747UNIFORM APPRAISAL STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL LAND ACQUISITIONSREA‐CEC‐REC‐918921USING EXCEL IN SPECIFIC APPRAISAL APPLICATIONSVALUATION OF CONSERVATION EASEMENTS AND OTHER PARTIAL INTERESTSIN REAL ESTATEVALUATION OF CONSERVATION EASEMENTS AND OTHER PARTIAL INTERESTSIN REAL ESTATE (A315)VALUING RURAL AMERICA: THE COMPLEXITIES OF DATA ANALYSIS IN A LOWVOLUME, NON‐UNIFORM 8VALUING SPECIALITY LIVESTOCK FACILITIES: DAIRY FARMSREA‐CEC‐REC‐103397.5WATER VALUATIONREA‐CEC‐REC‐119854WIND POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATORSREA‐CEC‐REC‐80898101 APPRAISAL INSITITUTEONLINE DATA VERIFICATIONS METHODSREA‐CEC‐REC‐71135102 APPRAISAL INSTITUTE15‐HOUR NATIONAL USPAP UPDATE roviderAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSMontana CourseApproval NumberDNumber ofHoursAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM86 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARM87 MANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERS888990919293949596979899100AMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL APPRAISERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF FARMMANAGERS & RURAL onFGCourseExpiration Contact FirstDateNameHIJKCourse ContactLast NameCourse Contact PhoneNumberCourse Contact WebsiteCourse Provider Email4/25/2022 .org3/21/2021 .org9/2/2018 .org8/31/2019 .org9/12/2021 .org8/15/2022 .org10/13/2020 ContinuingEducationContinuingEducation4/28/2020 .org6/24/2018 .org3/9/2020 .org2/27/2023 .org8/3/2019 .org9/23/2019 .org3/21/2021 .org6/16/2020 .org5/28/2018 .orgContinuingContinuingEducation4/27/2020 .org12/21/2019 .org4/24/2020 .org2/27/2023 .org3/21/2021 .org4/4/2021 .org11/7/2022 DeannaIlk303‐692‐1222www.asfmra.orgdilk@a
Continuing Education 2/14/2022 Jim Wiley 406 556 7311 n/a jim.wiley@northwestfcs.com ALLTERRA GROUP LLC 2015 Valuation Expo REA ‐CEC REC 7181 14 Continuing Education 6/2/2018 Karen Connolly 513 490 0226 www.valuationexpo.com karen@allterragroup.com ALLTERRA GROUP LLC 2016 VALUATION EXPO BALTIMORE REA ‐CEC REC 8108 14 Continuing
The American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers (AIREA) MAI SRA Society of Real Estate Appraisers NATIONAL Association of Independent Fee Appraisers Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers National Society of Real Estate Appraisers American Society of Appraisers Professional Societies
1/24/03 Measurement_error_2 26 Gage Study Example: Using Excel file “Gage R&R Study” Macro ANOVA DF SS MS F MS ap/Mse Prob F appraisers number of runs 2 2.40053E-05 1.20027E-05 Parts (sites) 4 0.000604259 0.000151065 appraisers*Parts 8 8.70102E-05 1.08763E-05 1.549229235 0.182359224 If Prob F is 0.05 or smaller, then appraisers*Parts interactio Gage(Error) 30 0.000210613 7.02044E-06 .
The data in File 11 MSA.xlsx worksheet Exercise2. 1) How is the good appraisal system? 2) Are any of the Appraisers different from the other Appraisers? 3) Are any of the parts difficult to appraise? 4) Are the appraisers failing more good parts or passing bad parts? 20th June 2016 7 1. Click Assistant Measurement System Analysis
a ‘‘select’’ group of Continuing Education classes at https://www.nashcc.edu, click on Student Portal at top, continue to WebAdvisor, then Continuing Education. Credit card payment is required. In-Person: Visit the Continuing Education Department located on the 2nd Floor of the Continuing Education and Public Services Building.
Summer 2015 The Appraiser Arkansas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board Summer 2015 Volume 23, Issue 2 In mid-May, the Arkansas Appraiser Li-censing and Certification Board (AALCB) hosted the annual Day with Appraisers (DWA) continuing education seminar. Over 230 appraisers from all corners of the state convened in Little Rock to
Continuing Education classes? No Fee. San Diegans can take Continuing Education classes without paying any tuition fees. These classes are offered to you as a service of the California statewide system of higher education. Top Faculty. San Diegans can take Continuing Education classes from top-flight faculty, who have
Continuing Education Units (CEUs) Continuing Education Units (CEUs) are awarded to a student at the rate of 1 CEU for every 10 hours of contact. The CEU is a nationally recognized unit of measure to record an individual’s continuing education. CEUs do not correlate to college credit classes.
Am I My Brother’s Keeper? The Analytic Group as a Space for Re-enacting and Treating Sibling Trauma Smadar Ashuach The thesis of this article, is that the analytic group is a place for a reliving and re-enactment of sibling relations. Psychoanalytic and group analytic writings about the issue of siblings will be surveyed. Juliet Mitchell’s theory of ‘sibling trauma’ and how it is .
