Gain Greater Agilent Solutions For Confidence

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gain greaterconfidenceagilent solutions forgeneric drug development

AGILENT SOLUTIONS FOR GENERIC DRUG DEVELOPMENTACCELERATE GENERIC PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGDEVELOPMENT WITH PRECISE, RELIABLE SOLUTIONSCompetition and potential opportunities in the generics drug market have neverbeen greater. Many of the most successful pharmaceutical compounds are reachingthe patent cliff and generic pharmaceutical companies are rushing to seize thisopportunity by being first to market with generic alternatives. The potential forgrowth in generic drug development has also expanded, moving beyond traditionalUS, European, and Japanese markets to new opportunities in emerging markets,such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC). Those companies that can achievefaster development timelines and more efficient navigation of complex globalregulatory approvals have the best chance of success.Realizing these opportunities while staying ahead of the competition requires rapidincreases in productivity, reduced costs, and streamlined efforts to meet regulatoryrequirements. Therefore, it is now even more critical to work with a trusted analyticalpartner with the relevant expertise to facilitate your efforts to increase developmentspeed while maintaining the highest levels of quality and compliance.Agilent Technologies delivers unique, comprehensive solutions based onindustry-leading technology, enabling optimal resource utilization so youcan improve productivity and be first to market.

The Agilent toolbox for accelerating generic pharmaceutical developmentFrom confidently developing an efficientprocess for active pharmaceutical ingredientsand finished dosage forms to manufacturingthem with reliable, regulatory-compliantquality control processes, Agilent has thesolutions you need to accelerate your effortsto be first to market: Infinitely better UHPLC for efficient,cost-effective method developmentand a commitment to quality by design(QbD) principles Chromatography, spectrometry, andspectroscopy for accurate analysis of allthree major impurity types Solid-state NMR solutions for definitivepolymorph MENT Online and offline dissolution testingfor superior dosage form performancecharacterizations Robust LC/MS solutions for dependablebioequivalence testing Spectroscopy and chromatography forreliable raw material qualitycontrol testing Sixteen years as a top-ranked complianceservices providerBIOEQUIVALENCESTUDIESMANUFACTURINGPg. 4ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFERLC and ISETPg. 8IMPURITY ANALYSIS: ORGANIC, ELEMENTAL AND RESIDUAL SOLVENTSLC, Prep LC, Single Quad MS, Triple Quad MS, Q-TOF MS, FTIR, NMR, CE, SFC, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, GC, and GC/MSPg. 10POLYMORPH ANALYSISNMR and Solids ProbesPg. 12DISSOLUTION TESTINGDissolution Apparatus, UV/UV-VIS Spectrophotometers, and LCPg. 14BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIESLC and Triple Quad MSPg. 16RAW MATERIAL ANALYSISLC and FTIRPg. 18CLEANING VALIDATIONLC and FTIRPg. 20COMPLIANCE SUPPORTPg. 22APPENDIX: COLUMNS, SUPPLIES, AND INFORMATICS3

EFFicient ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENTAND TRANSFERThe ability to efficiently and effectively develop new analytical methods, and to transfer and optimize existingprocedures, is essential for any successful generic drug development program. Liquid chromatography (LC)methods are at the core of many stages of pharmaceutical development and are often the rate-limitingstep. Their development is a laborious trial-and-error process which must be addressed before reaching anefficient solution for assessing product quality. Furthermore, once LC methods are developed they must alsobe transferred to other departments complicating efforts to maintain performance.Agilent offers infinitely better liquid chromatography solutions that help you torealize cost savings and higher throughput in method development by reducinganalysis time and solvent consumption.1200 Infinity Series LC Systems Faster results with greater resolution and higher sensitivity Options suitable for any budget A high dynamic range diode array detection solution that provides a 30-fold wider linear dynamic UVrange to enable detection and quantification of main and trace compounds in a single run Intelligent System Emulation Technology (ISET) for simplified method transfer Agilent Instrument Control Framework (ICF)–– Comprehensive and straightforward control of your Agilent LC instruments and modules regardlessof the chromatography data systemA family of fast LC columns Increase LC and LC/MS assay productivity with the latest column options from UHPLC to HPLC:Poroshell 120, ZORBAX Rapid Resolution High Definition (RRHD), and 1.8 μm columnsOpenLAB CDS Software Scalable from individual workstations to fully distributed enterprise-wide systems Add OpenLAB ECM or Data Store–– For secure central data storage–– For support of all GxP and 21 CFR Part 11 regulations4

3.950E200100011.750GAPI4.356DAD1 A, Sig 278\Exp 4 Agilent Poroshell EC-C18 4.6 50 mm, 2.7 µmmAU2.557.51012.515minAPIDAD1 A, Sig 278\Exp 3 Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C18 4.6 75 mm, 2.7 µmmAU1000517.614G6.929E7.65020010152025minAPIDAD1 A, Sig 278\EXP2 Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 4.6 100 mm, 2.7 µmmAU523.274G9.216E100010.155200101520253035 minDAD1 A, Sig 278\EXP1 Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 4.6 150 mm, 5-µm EP 5353.979DAD1 A, Sig 270, Exp 1, Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18, 4.6 250 mm, 5 µm402005101520min8min1.6311.849DAD1 A, Sig 270, Exp 2, Agilent Poroshell 120EC C18, 4.6 100 mm, 2.7 µmmAU60402002460.7670.672DAD1 A, Sig 270, Exp 3, Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18, 2.1 100 mm, 1.8 µmmAU30In this example, a European Pharmacopoeia(EP) method of chromatographic purity isdemonstrated for salmeterol xinafoate. AnAgilent 1290 Infinity LC with various pumpand auto sampler modules was selectedusing ISET technology according to thecolumn dimension used. The results showthat significant time and solvent savings canbe achieved as compared to the originalpharmacopoeia method by simply modifyingcolumn length and particle size (Figure 1).Since the modifications are within the EPguidelines of allowed column dimensions, nomethod revalidation was required.minFigure 1. Separation of a salmeterol xinafoate system suitability mix using EP-compliant, cost-saving methods.1mAUReduce the cost per analysisand increase throughput byvarying column dimensionsIncrease laboratory productivityfor method developmentA six-fold improvement in laboratoryproductivity was achieved for tramadolmethod development (Figure 2). Whencolumn length and particle size were variedwithin the current USP 621 limits as perUSP 35-NF, a significant reduction in analysistime ( 50 %) was achieved compared tothe USP method. Switching from an HPLCmethod using a 25 cm long 5 µm columnto a UHPLC method with a 10 cm long, 1.8µm column (taking advantage of the USP’spending decision to relax current restrictionsfor isocratic separations) saved 90 % ofsolvent consumption and 80 % of theprevious analysis time.201000.511.522.533.5minFigure 2. Separation of a tramadol system suitability mix using USP requirements and newly developedcost-saving methods.3Reference Publications1. Higher throughput and cost reduction for salmeterol xinafoate analysis using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System with ISET. Agilent publication 5991-0394EN.2. Higher throughput and cost reduction for purity analysis of olanzapine tablets using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System with ISET. Agilent publication 5991-0278EN.3. Reducing analysis time and solvent consumption for isocratic USP assay methods with current and proposed USP guidelines using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System. Agilent publication 5991-0733EN.4. Reducing total analysis cost for generic drugs within USP 621 allowed limits. Agilent publication 5991-0396EN.5

EFFECTIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFERQbD studies assure the stability and quality of analytical measurements, as well as the robustnessof measurement methods. Agilent supports the QbD approach to analytical method development byproviding instrumentation and software tools that automate the process and facilitate the performanceof the multivariate experiments required for the implementation of QbD principles. A wide range ofcolumn selectivities are available that can be used with various conditions to support the explorationof design options.Agilent automated method development solutions facilitate the implementation ofQbD principles in analytical development.1200 Infinity Series method development solution Up to 8 columns and 26 solventsOver 1000 unique separation conditionsFour to six different temperature zonesID columns from 2.1–4.6 mm and up to 300 mm lengthDifferent configurations/detectorsSimple to sophisticated software choices Method scouting wizard–– For automated testing of all experimental variables–– Screens samples against a multidimensional matrix of columns, solvents, gradients,and temperatures Advanced functionality with solutions from Agilent partners: Chromsword, ACD/Labs, and Fusion AE–– Completely aligned with QbD principles–– Fully automatic design of experiments for univariant or multivariant robustness testing andcharacterization of a method design space–– Rapid results browsing and automatic report generationA robust LC columns portfolio A wide range of selectivities can be used to optimize resolution, including phases used for pHand temperature extremes Varying dimensions and pressure capabilities help optimize your productivity Multiple lot availability enables thorough evaluation6

Analytical methods are frequently transferred between laboratories, from development groups toquality control, or to an outsourcing partner. In this case, QbD principles necessitate eliminating risk inmethod transfer that can be caused by method variation and instrumentation from different vendors.Agilent ISET enables seamless method transfer without method modification.51290 Infinity LC and ISET Simple and flexible: executing any legacy HPLC or the latest UHPLC methods while delivering the same chromatographic results with a single mouse click With exact knowledge about the system behavior of a selected LC instrument, ISET creates an emulation function, based on knowledge of the systembehavior of a selected LC instrument, so the 1290 Infinity LC delivers the same gradient conditions without shifts in retention times or changes in resolution Optimal results with no method modification requiredWaters Alliance or otherHPLC/UHPLC system1100 Series LC1200 Series LC1290 Infinity LCwith ISET1220 Infinity LCMethod Transfer1260 Infinity LCFigure 3. Agilent’s ISET system can be used to efficiently transfer methods from a range of systems to the final QC environment.Reference Publications5. Infinitely better method transfer: Agilent 1290 Infinity LC with Intelligent System Emulation Technology. Agilent publication 5990-8670EN.7

accurate impurity analysisThe nature and quantity of impurities found in drug substances determines the ultimate safety of the finalpharmaceutical product. Regulatory pressures have brought increased attention to the analysis of impuritiesin chemical entities, and as a result the identification, quantitation, qualification, and control of impuritiesare now a critical part of the drug development process. Regulations typically cover three impurity types:organic impurities, elemental impurities, and residual solvents. Genotoxic impurities, which may potentiallyincrease cancer risks in patients, are controlled at levels much lower than other impurities, complicatingmatters further because their analysis in trace quantities can be very complex.Agilent leads the industry in impurity analysis, with comprehensive solutions forthe three major impurity types—organic, elemental, and residual solvents.CategoryApplicationInstrumentationOrganic impuritiesImpurity detection and rapid method scouting1200 Infinity Series LC Diode-arrayDetector SLAnalysis of highly polar compounds7100 CE instrumentDetection of chiral impurities1260 Infinity Analytical SFC SystemIsolation of impurities1260 Infinity Prep-scale Purification SystemIdentification of impurity structureCary 630 FTIR, DD2 NMR, 1200 InfinitySeries LC, 6100 Series Single Quad MS, 6200Series TOF MS, and 6500 Series Q-TOF MSQuantitation of genotoxic impurities1200 Infinity Series LC 6400 Series TripleQuad LC/MS SystemsAnalysis of all 16 regulated elements as per USP 233 method, including large sample dilutions7700 Series ICP-MSAnalysis of elemental impurities at the basicrequirements of USP not necessitating the lowestdetection limits700 Series ICP-OESSpeciation of regulated elements such as Asand Hg1200 Infinity Series LC 7700 Series ICP-MSAnalysis per USP 467 procedures7890A GC 7967A Headspace samplerAnalysis involving unknown peaks/solvents7890A GC 5975C GC/MS system 7697AHeadspace samplerElemental impuritiesResidual solvents8

8AmoxicillinImpurity AmAURoutine quality control analysisusing LC/UV2Impurity DImpurity CImpurity B4Impurity E6000.511.522.533.544.5minFigure 4. Analysis of amoxicillin and five impurities using the Agilent 1220 Infinity LC/UV System and aZORBAX SB-Aq column.6LC/MS analysis usingAgilent 6540 Q-TOF withfull MS scan followed byauto MS/MSFind and identifyimpurities by MFEand MFG based on theaccurate mass MS andMS/MS dataTrace level genotoxic impurityanalysis using LC/MS/MSMSC facilitatesthe structureelucidation of theimpuritiesFigure 5. Software-assisted workflow for impurity identification and profiling of pharmaceuticals on theAgilent 1200 Infinity Series LC combined with an accurate mass Q-TOF, and MassHunter Qualitative Analysisand MSC 968CH3CH3CH3H3 0x1035Agilent 1200 Infinity Series LC/UV systemsare an ideal solution for impurity analysis inpharmaceutical quality control laboratoriesbecause they deliver the precision, linearity,sensitivity, and speed required to meetregulatory standards for impurity analysis.Figure 4 demonstrates the analysis ofamoxicillin and its impurities using the Agilent1220 Infinity LC System and a gradientmethod in combination with UV detection, anAgilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column, and OpenLABCDS ChemStation Edition. This analysis wascompleted within 7 minutes and detectedimpurities down to a level of 0.01 %.OHOHThe identification and profiling of atenololand impurities benefited from the Agilentsoftware-assisted workflow (Figure 5) forimpurity identification and profiling of activepharmaceutical ingredients (API). Analysis wasperformed using the high-resolution accuratemass Q-TOF LC/MS system (Figure 6). Theresults demonstrate the wide usability ofmolecular structure correlator (MSC) softwarefor assigning structures for each fragmentof atenolol (precursor m/z: 267.1703) andpharmacopeia-specified impurity G (precursorm/z: H3CCH3191.0698NHH3CH 3C268.1543CH398.0968116.1070165.0533226.106220 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280Counts vs Mass-to-Charge (m/z)Figure 6. Structure elucidation of atenolol and impurity G demonstrates the wide usability of MSC software to assignstructures for each fragment of atenolol (precursor m/z: 267.1703) and impurity G (precursor m/z: 268.1543).7Reference Publications6. Analysis of amoxicillin and five impurities on the Agilent 1220 Infinity LC System. Agilent publication 5991-6093EN.7. Pharmaceutical Impurity Analysis Solutions. Agilent publication 5991-0090EN.9

DEFINITIVE POLYMORPH ANALYSISCrystallization is the most common method used for the final purification and isolation of the activepharmaceutical ingredient (API) or when synthesizing a drug at commercial scale. Molecules can adoptmore than one type of crystal structures (polymorphs) upon precipitation, with varying physical propertiesassociated with different polymorphs. These differences can cause serious issues in the pharmaceuticaldevelopment due to changes in chemical stability, water absorbance, and dissolution rates, which must bemeasured, understood, and controlled for in drugs.Definitively identify the polymorphic states of APIs with Agilent’s robust solid-stateNMR solutions.DD2 NMR Spectrometer A robust and flexible choice that combines high-power RF generation with unsurpassed sensitivity Easy-to-use, fast, and reliable for routine analysis Advanced superconducting materials and cutting edge shielding technology minimize site spacerequirements and allow installation in wide range of environmentsNMR Solids Probes A wide selection of probes for solid state NMR Built on transmission tuning tube (T3) technology with power handling that transfers magneticpulses with minimal signal lossVnmrJ software Accommodates experienced users developing complex pulse sequences Supports novice users with a comprehensive collection of ready-to-go pulse sequences Available with a 21 CFR Part 11 compliance software module10

Distinguishing the presence ofpolymorphic 0ppmFigure 7. Solid state NMR spectra of amorphous and crystalline forms.monohydratedihydratemixture: 90 % mono 10 % dihydrate18016014012010080Figure 8. Polymorph analysis of an API using solid state NMR.604020ppmNMR spectra are exquisitely sensitive tochanges in the local electronic environment,readily detecting changes in the NMRresonance frequency as small as 1 part perbillion. This sensitivity to local structure makessolid-state NMR the definitive tool for testingand measuring the polymorphic state ofpharmaceutical compounds. Each polymorphyields a distinctive spectrum that can be usedas a fingerprint for that specific solvate orcrystal form. Figure 7 compares the spectraof amorphous compounds, with characteristicbroad lines, to that of crystalline forms.When combined with the robust quantitationof an NMR experiment, this technique can beused to directly investigate drug substance ordrug product materials, up to and including the final pills, for polymorphic integrity.As shown in Figure 8, the solid-state NMRspectra collected for the monohydrate anddihydrate pseudopolymorphs of the analyteare distinctly different. It is easy to distinguishthe presence of the both forms in a 90/10mixture of the two and, as all NMR signalsyield a unit response factor, quantification ofsuch mixtures is robust and reliable.11

SUPERIOR DISSOLUTION TESTINGThe dissolution test has evolved to become the definitive tool for characterizing the performance of solidoral dosage forms. In vitro dissolution data supports the evaluation and interpretation of bioavailabilityeffects using gastrointestinal conditions and is of great importance when assessing changes in productionsite, manufacturing processes, and formulation changes. Dissolution is critical for ensuring the qualityand consistency of batches, initially and over time. Dissolution testing also plays an important role inevaluating and controlling the quality attributes of drug products in Quality by Design (QbD) basedpharmaceutical development.Agilent’s market leading dissolution apparatus and sampling systems integratewith on or offline analytical systems to test the full range of dosage forms.708-DS and 709-DS Dissolution Apparatus Superior design supports innovative options such as media temperature monitoring,dosage delivery, and automated sampling for unattended testing Includes 21CFR Part 11 compliant dissolution workstation softwareIntegrated UV Dissolution Systems Diode-array UV analysis with the 8453 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer or scanning UV dissolution withthe Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer–– Capabilities to support multicell, valve-based, multi-apparatus and fiber optic confi

agilent solutions for generiC Drug DeVeloPMent . 6100 series single Quad Ms, 6200 series tof Ms, and 6500 series Q-tof Ms Quantitation of genotoxic impurities 1200 infinity series lC 6400 series riple t Quad lC/Ms systems elemental impurities analysis of all 16 regulated elements as per usP

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