Ch. 4 Sec. 3 - Weebly

Section3Objectives Analyze Progressives’ attitudes towardminority rights. Explain why African Americans organized. Examine the strategies used by members ofother minority groups to defend their rights.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Terms and People Americanization – effort to replace immigrantcustoms with white, Protestant, middle-classpractices and values Booker T. Washington – favored a gradualistapproach for blacks to earn rights througheconomic progress and employment in theskilled trades W.E.B. Du Bois – demanded immediate and fullrights for blacks as guaranteed by the ConstitutionThe Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Terms and People(continued) Niagara Movement – opposed Washington’sapproach; favored education in history,literature, and philosophy, not just in the trades NAACP – National Association for theAdvancement of Colored People, viewed fulllegal rights as the only solution to racialdiscrimination Urban League – organization to assistworking class African Americans with relief, jobs,clothing, and schoolsThe Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Terms and People(continued) Anti-Defamation League – organization todefend Jews and others from false statements,and verbal or physical attacks mutualistas – Mexican American groups thatprovided loans, legal assistance, and disabilityinsurance for membersThe Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3What steps did minorities take to combatsocial problems and discrimination?Prejudice and discrimination continuedeven during the Progressive era.Minorities, including African Americans,Latinos, Catholics, Jews, and NativeAmericans, worked to help themselves.Their efforts paved the way for the era ofcivil rights several decades later.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Most Progressives were white,middle-class Protestants whoheld the racial and ethnicprejudices common in that era.They envisioned amodel America basedon Protestant ethicsand a white middleclass lifestyle.As a result, theywere often hostileto minority orimmigrantcultures.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Progressives believed assimilationwould turn immigrants into loyaland moral citizens. The results were well-intentioned, but ofteninsensitive or racist efforts to change the immigrants. While teaching English they also advised immigrantsto replace their customs with middle-class practicesand Protestant values. Settlement houses and other civic groups played aprominent role in Americanization efforts.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Progressives saw many immigrantcustoms as moral failures.Immigrant use ofalcohol, such asthe serving ofwine with meals,alarmed somepeople.This prejudiceagainst immigrantcustoms andculture gavestrength to thetemperancemovement.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Racial theories were also used to justifylaws that kept blacks from voting. ManyProgressives supported racial prejudices. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision furthereddiscrimination in the North as well as the South. By 1910, segregation was the norm nationwide. In 1914, even federal offices were segregated byProgressive President Woodrow Wilson.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3African Americans were split overhow to end racial discrimination.Booker T.Washingtonurged a patient,gradual effortbased on earningequality throughtraining and workin the skilledtrades.W.E.B. DuBoisdemanded thatAfrican Americansreceive allconstitutionalrightsimmediately.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3In 1905, DuBois and William Monroe Trotterwere concerned that all across the South,black men could not vote. Their Niagara Movement rejected thegradualist approach stating that trade skills“create workers, but cannot make men.” They also believed African Americans shouldlearn how to think for themselves through thestudy of history, literature, and philosophy.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3After a 1908 riotagainst AfricanAmericans inSpringfield, Illinois, anumber of whiteProgressives joinedtogether with theNiagara Movement tohelp form the NAACP.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3The NAACP orNational Associationfor the Advancementof Colored Peoplewas founded todemand voting andcivil rights for AfricanAmericans.The NAACP aimed tohelp African Americansbecome “physically freefrom peonage, mentallyfree from ignorance,politically free fromdisfranchisement, andsocially free frominsult.”The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3The NAACP attracted prominentProgressives to their cause.Supporters:Their tactics: used their newspapers topublicize the horrors of raceriots and lynchings.Jane AddamsRay Stannard BakerFlorence KelleyIda B. Wells used the courts to challengeunfair housing laws. promoted professional careersfor African Americans.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3In 1911, the Urban League was formedto create a network of local clubs andchurches to assist African Americansmigrating to northern cities.While the NAACP focusedon political justice, theUrban League helped thepoor find jobs, housing,clothing, and schools fortheir children.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Many ethnic groups formed selfhelp organizations to combatprejudice and protect their rights.African AmericansNAACPJewsB’nai BrithMexican AmericansMutualistasNative AmericansSociety of AmericanIndiansThe Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3In 1843, Jewish families formed theB’nai B’rith to provide religiouseducation and self-help.In 1913, the Anti-DefamationLeague was formed to defend againstphysical and verbal attacks, falsestatements, and to “secure justiceand fair treatment for all citizens alike.”The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Mexican Americans formed mutualistas,groups that provided legal assistanceand disability insurance.The Partido LiberalMexicano in Arizonaserved a role similar tothe Urban League forMexican Americans.Many Latinos were subjectto unfair labor contracts,which the mutualistashelped to defeat.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Despite organized protests, Native Americansand Japanese lost their ownership of land.In 1911, CarlosMontezuma helped formthe Society of AmericanIndians to protestfederal policy.Nevertheless, by 1932,two-thirds of all triballands had been sold off.In 1913, Californiarestricted landownership to Americancitizens only, whichexcluded the Japanese,who were not allowedto become citizens.In a 1922 decision, theSupreme Court allowedthe limitation.The Struggle Against Discrimination

Section3Section ReviewQuickTake QuizKnow It, Show It QuizThe Struggle Against Discrimination

Progressives believed assimilation would turn immigrants into loyal and moral citizens. The results were well-intentioned, but often insensitive or racist efforts to change the immigrants. While teaching English they also advised immigrants to replace their customs with middle-class practices and Protestant values .