The Construction Superintendent's Handbook
The ConstructionSuperintendent'sHandbook
The ConstructionSuperin tendent' sHandbookSidney M. Levy VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLDNew York
Copyright 1992 by Van Nostrand ReinholdSoftcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992Ubrary of Congress Catalog Card Number 92-1326ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-8496-0All rights reserved. No part of this work covered bythe copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in anyform or by any means-graphic, electronic, ormechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping,or information storage and retrieval systems-withoutwritten permission of the publisher.Van Nostrand Reinhold115 fifth AvenueNew York, New York 10003Chapman and Hall2-6 Boundary RowLondon, SE 1 SHN, EnglandThomas Nelson Australia102 Dodds StreetSouth Melbourne 3205Victoria, AustraliaNelson Canada1120 Birchmount RoadScarborough, Ontario MIK 504, Canada16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 S 7 6 5 4 3 2 IUbrary of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication DataLevy, Sidney M.The construction superintendent's handbook I Sidney M. Levy.p.cm. - (Competitive contractor series)Includes index.ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-8496-0e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-8494-6DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8494-6I. Engineering-Management-Handbooks. manuals. etc.2. Industrial project management-Handbooks. manuals. etc.3. Construction industry-Management-Handbooks, manuals. etc.I. Title.II. Series.TAI90.1A2 1992624'.068-dc2092·1326CIP
ContentsPreface / xiI THE JOB BEGINS BEFORE THE JOB BEGINS / 11 Mobilization / 3Setting Up the Field Office / 3Site Logistics / 42 The Construction Contract and the Construction Documents / 12Reviewing the Contract / 12The Contract Plans and Specifications / 183 Subcontract Agreements, Purchase Orders and Project Manning / 24Subcontracting the Work / 254 Job Procedures and Policies / 30Establishing a Cost Reporting System / 30Other Job-Related Costs Reported as General Conditions / 32The Importance of Good Communication and Documentation on the JobSite / 34Change Orders-How They Should Originate, Be Processed and Controlled / 38As-builts and Other Closeout Documents / 41Checklist of Common Closeout Requirements / 42II THE CONSTRUCTION PROCFSS / 435Establishing the Daily Routine / 45The Construction Schedule / 45Preparation of Daily Reports / 51v
vi ContentsThe Daily Log or Daily Diary / 54Shop Drawing Review / 56Quality Control/586 Safety on the Job Site / 60It's the Law-The Occupational Safety and Health Act / 60The Job Site Safety Program / 647 Managing Effectively / 72The Art of Managing People / 72Rate Yourself on Your Management Style / 73Managing for Better Productivity / 74Managing Subcontractors / 80Managing the Flow of Materials and Equipment-The Follow-up / 80Good Housekeeping is Good Management / 828 Basic Construction Law/ 83What Triggers Most Construction Disputes? / 84What to do if Called Upon to Give a Statement to a Lawyer / 89The Alternatives to Legal Action and the Courts / 909 Rehab and Remodeling Projects-What Makes them Unique / 92Before Demolition Begins / 93Safety Concerns Will be Critical / 94Are Existing Conditions Really Existing? / 94Needling, Expanders and Panning / 95The Importance of Job Photos / 96Environmental Issues / 9610 The Punch Ust and Other Close-out Requirements / 99The Punch List / 100Demobilization / 101Substantial Completion / 102III BASIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY /10511 Excavation and Site Work / 107The Site Investigation Prior to the Start of Construction / 107Test Borings-What Do They Reveal and What Don't They Tell You / 108Soil Composition / 113
Contents viiPlaying It Safe While Excavating / 115Compaction and Compaction Tests / 11712 Dealing with Difficult Site and Foundation Problems / 121Pile Foundations / 121Caissons / 128Geotextiles / 128Drainage Mats / 130Gabions / 130Dewatering / 131Commonly Used Dewatering Systems / 13313 Concrete / 138Admixtures / 139Concrete Reinforcing / 142Concrete Placement / 145Curing Concrete / 146Precast Concrete / 148New Developements in Concrete / 151Allowable Tolerances in Concrete Construction / 152A Concrete Checklist / 15414 Masonry and Stone Construction / 156Brick / 156Concrete Block / 157Structural Clay Tile / 158Mortar / 159Masonry Wall Tiles / 160Efflorescence-What It is And How to Control It / 163Masonry Troubleshooting Tips / 165Stone Masonry / 166A Masonry Checklist / 169A Glossary of Masonry Terms / 16915 Steel and Steel Structures / 171Types of Structural Steel / 172Basic Structural Steel Design / 173Preparing for the Erection of a Steel Structure / 174Structural Steel Connections and Connectors / 177The "lOver 360" Concern / 179Light-Gauge Metal Framing / 179
viii ContentsSteel Joists / 181Rigid-Frame Structures / 182Metal Floor and Roof Decks / 182A Structural Steel Checklist / 18416 Wood-Lumber, Plywood and Millwork / 186Hardwoods and Softwoods / 186Western Wood Products Association-WWPA / 187Rough Carpentry Materials / 188Treated Lumber / 190Finish Carpentry / 191Plywood Products / 194Reconstituted Wood Products / 196Laminated Structural Wood Members / 197Millwork / 19717 Roofing-Thermal and Moisture Protection / 204Substrate Considerations / 204Types of Roofing Assemblies / 205Thermallnsulation / 21318 Doors, Door Frames and Finish Hardware / 215Doors / 215Hollow-metal Shop Drawings-Review and Coordination / 223Wood Doors / 228Finish Hardware / 23219 Curtain Walls-Glass and Glazing / 239Curtain Walls / 239A Word About Glass / 240Windows / 24320 Interior Partitions, Ceilings, Wall and Floor Finishes / 253Interior Partitions / 253Flooring / 263Carpeting / 266Paint and Wall Coverings / 26921 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators / 273Types of Elevators / 273Dumbwaiters and Parcel Lifts / 281
Contents ixEscalators and Moving Walks / 281An Elevator Checklist / 28222 Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) I 284Glossary Of HVAC Terms / 284Heat and Heating Plants / 286Air-Conditioning Systems / 29223 Plumbing I 300A Glossary of Plumbing Terminology / 300Water Service and Water-Distribution Systems / 302Above Ground Waste and Vent Piping / 303Storm Drains / 306Sanitary Sewer Systems / 306Pipe and Fittings / 307Fixtures / 308Handy Plumbing Conversions and Tables / 31124 Are Protection-Sprinkler and Halon Systems I 312Sprinkler Systems / 312Halon Fire Suppression Systems / 318Fire Extinguishers / 32025 Electrical I 321A Glossary of Electrical Terms / 321Service and Distribution Systems / 323Cables, Wiring and Wiring Devices / 326Equipment Hook-ups / 330Fire Alarm Systems / 33226 Automated Building Control Systems I 335The Energy Management System / 335Electronic Control Terminology / 336Electronic Control Technology / 338BAS-Building Automation Systems / 339Appendix A Industry Trade Group and Related Associations List I 340IndexI 343
PrefaceMy hat is off to the construction superintendent, that man or woman in the field whosupervises the process of creating the structures we work in, play in and live in. All toooften the days are long, the problems overwhelming and the possibility of adverseweather adds another variable to the equation. But through it all work goes on andsomehow it gets built.Construction is the largest single industry in the United States, providing employment for more than 5.2 million people and generating a total industry payroll of morethan 32 billion. In 1991, the new construction put in place totaled 391.4 billion, andalthough substantially less than the 434 billion volume experienced in 1990, it is stilla very respectable figure. The people associated with this industry ought to feel thatthey have made, and will continue to make, a substantial contribution to their communities and to their nation.The superintendent on a construction project is one of the key participants in theentire construction process. He or she is the individual primarily responsible for thedemanding task of orchestrating the activities of a small army of specialists in order tocreate a structure to house both man and his machines.The construction superintendent must be knowledgeable in a wide range of technical matters and, at times, assume the role of engineer, lawyer, traffic cop, psychiatrist,teacher, father confessor and even magician. The construction superintendent mustbe strong and firm when strength and firmness is required, and soft spoken andunderstanding when that need arises. He or she must be fair-always-and above allpossess the ability to create and maintain a harmonious team that will work toward acommon goal-the successful and timely completion of the construction project.At various times during the construction process, the superintendent will be able tocall upon many experts in the field for advice and assistance, but at other timesdecisions will have to be made on the spot, with no time for reflection or consultationwith others, and hopefully, this book will come in handy during those times.The Construction Superintendent's Handbook will assist those people striving toattain the respected position of superintendent and will also provide more than a fewinsights for those experienced professionals who have achieved this goal.This book is divided into three sections with many chapters within each one of thesesections.xi
xii PrefaceSection I-The Job Begins Before The Job Begins is devoted to the preparationrequired before construction actually commences. The process of mobilization can bea hap-hazard affair or, when given enough forethought and planning, result in asmooth start to the construction that is soon to begin. With the threat of legal actionhanging over everyone's head, construction superintendents nowadays must fullyunderstand the company's responsibilities and contractual obligations as well as thoseof the other participants in the construction cycle. Chapters I through 4 deal with thesesubjects and more, and will help prepare the superintendent for the constructionprocess discussed in the next section.Section 2-The Construction Process elaborates on the jobsite daily routine, safety,and managing effectively in Chapters 5, 6 and 7. Chapter 8 should alert the superintendent to any legal pitfalls lurking around the corner. Working on a rehab project?Chapter 9 will discuss some of the unique problems facing the superintendent whenremodeling and renovating projects.Section 3-Basic Construction Technology delves into the more common construction components encountered on the jobsite, and while not purporting to cover everyphase of every component, does contain valuable information to assist in answeringmany day-to-day questions about building systems, products and their application.The author has been associated with the construction industry for more than 35years. From summer jobs in high school to time clerk, assistant superintendent, projectmanager and vice-president in charge of operation, he addresses subjects from thefront office view as well as from the trenchs. For those professionals who stay thecourse, the position of Construction Superintendent promises to provide an outstanding opportunity to realize job satisfaction as well as personal financial rewards.
The Construction Superintendent's Handbook will assist those people striving to attain the respected position of superintendent and will also provide more than a few insights for those experienced professionals who have achieved this goal. This book is divided into three sections with many chapters within each one of these sections. xi
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