Review For Cells Quiz: The Origin, Structure And Function .
Review for Cells Quiz: The Origin, Structure and Function of Cells1. Know and understand the definitions and meanings of the following terms. Be able to write a definition orexplanation of the terms in bold.passive transportfacilitated diffusionAbiogenesis theoryphospholipid bilayeractive transportosmosisvesicleconcentration gradientbulk transportprokaryotic cellhypertonic solutionendocytosiseukaryotic cellhypotonic solutionexocytosisintracellular fluidisotonic solutionphagocytosisextracellular fluidturgor iosis Theoryselectively permeablechromatindiffusion2. Label the diagram of a ‘typical’ cellmembrane shown to the right:a)b)c)d)e)3. Regarding the cell membrane:a) Describe the basic steps ofAbiogenesis theory that lead to thecreation of membranes and cells.b) Explain how the structure of phospholipidmolecules is ideal for the formation of membranes.c) Explain how the structure of cell membranes iscritical to the function of cells.d) Why are ‘modern’ cell membranes described as a ‘fluid mosaic’?e) What three major macromolecules make up ‘modern’ cell membranes?f) Explain how the saturation of phospholipids affects the fluidity of a cell membrane.g) What three MAIN ways can substances move into, and out of, cells? Describe each.4. Complete the chart below to summarize the types of transport across a membrane.Type(s) of substancestransportedMembrane proteinsinvolved?Up or down theconcentration gradient?Is energyrequired?Simple DiffusionFacilitatedDiffusionOsmosisActive Transport5. Although we don’t know how, at some point chemistry became biology and groups of molecules becamealive as cells. What are the seven characteristics of living things?
6.a)b)c)d)If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:Which solution has a higher solute concentration, the ICF or ECF?Which solution has a higher concentration of water, the ICF or ECF?In which direction will water move, into or out of, the cell?Describe what will happen to the animal cell.7.a)b)c)d)If an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution:Which solution has a higher solute concentration, the ICF or ECF?Which solution has a higher concentration of water, the ICF or ECF?In which direction will water move, into or out of, the cell?Describe what will happen to the animal cell.8. A piece of dialysis tubing was filled with an unknownsolution and suspended in a solution containing 5%sodium chloride solution. After 15 minutes, the level ofthe solution in the dialysis tubing was much lower, asshown in the diagram.unknownBased on these results, which of the following is theunknown solution? Defend your answer.a) 10% glucose solutionb) 5% glucose solutionc) pure distilled water5%NaClDialysis tubingafter 15 minutesBeginning ofexperiment9. Complete the chart below to identify ONE of the methods by which the following substances could moveacross the cell membrane (there is more than one correct answer for some substances):SubstanceMost likely method of crossing themembraneActive orPassive?Is EnergyRequired?a calcium ion Ca2 waterCO2fragments of dead cellsa chloride ion Cℓ1–glucosea large protein moleculeestrogen (a steroid hormone)O210. Give three significant differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.11. What structures (organelles) are found in ALL cells?12. Draw a Venn diagram to compare the organelles that are foundin only plant cells, only animal cells and both plant and animal cells.Animal onlyPlant onlyBoth13.a)b)c)Compare and contrast:passive transport and active transportfacilitated diffusion and active transportactive transport and bulk transport14.a)b)c)d)Regarding Endosymbiosis Theory:What is the main idea of Endosymbiosis Theory?Briefly describe the steps that may have happened, according to Endosymbiosis Theory.Which two organelles were most likely incorporated into eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis?What are three pieces of evidence that support Endosymbiosis Theory?
15. Label the following generalized diagrams of typical bacterial,animal and plant cells (assume that the cell membranes arephospholipid bilayers)
16. Write the letter of the appropriate cell part beside each description. Some cell parts may be used morethan once and some may not be used at all.Description of Cell Part or FunctionThe organelle that manufactures proteins.Organelles that store starch. They do not contain coloured pigments.The microtubules and microfilaments that give cells their shape.Uncoiled chromosomes. The form that DNA takes when the cell is not dividing.The region within plant and animal cells from which microtubules andmicrofilaments originate.Small hair-like projections on the cell surface that move with a sweepingmotion.Flattened stacks of membranes that process and then package proteins intosecretory vesicles.Small openings that connect the nucleus with the cytoplasm.The organelle that stores water, salts and sugars in plant cells.The area in the cell where ribosomes are manufactured.The membrane-bound structure where the majority of a cell’s DNA is found.A series of membranes and tubules where steroids and phospholipids are made.A specialized vesicle for breaking down long chain fatty acids and alcohol.This structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.These organelles contain colourful pigments in only certain parts of plants.A series of membranes which has ribosomes embedded on its surface.Long, whip-like projections which are used for locomotion by animal cells.A set of two microtubules found at right angles to one another in animal cells.The contents of the cell, excluding the nucleus.Organelles that contain DNA, ribosomes and chlorophyll.The organelle where cellular respiration takes place and ATP is produced.Small vesicles in animal cells which are used for storage.Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes and break down and recycle worn outorganelles.17.a)b)c)d)e)Using the list of cell parts in the chart above, list all cell parts which:contain DNAare considered vesiclesare surrounded by two membranesare found only in plant cellsare found only in animal cellsCell Parts(in alphabeticalorder)A. cell membraneB. cell wallC. central vacuoleD. centrioles(s)E. centrosomeF. chloroplast(s)G. chromatinH. chromoplast(s)I. ciliaJ. cytoplasmK. cytoskeletonL. flagellumM. Golgi apparatusN. leucoplast(s)O. lysosome(s)P. mitochondriaQ. nuclear pore(s)R. nucleolusS. nucleusT. peroxisome(s)U. plastidsV. ribosome(s)W. rough ERX. smooth ERY. vacuole(s)
Practice Multiple Choice Questions1. A very large molecule contains several H – O bonds. This molecule will:a) dissolve well in waterc) cross the cell membrane by simple diffusionb) be hydrophobicd) all of the above2. Active transport occurs when substances move across membranes:a) from lower to higher concentrationsc) from higher to lower concentrationsb) by simple diffusiond) by osmosis3. Which of the following substances can enter the cell ONLY by endocytosis?a) glucoseb) bacteriac) waterd) small lipid molecules4. Which of the following are found in the cell membrane?i) phospholipidsii) cholesteroliii) proteinsiv) DNAa) i and ii onlyb) i and iii onlyc) i, ii and iii onlyd) i, ii, iii and iv5. Molecules that act as channels to transport ions through the cell membrane are made of:a) lipidsb) proteinsc) glycogend) phospholipids6. Cell membranes are composed mainly of:a) sugars and phosphatesb) phospholipids and proteinsc) carbohydrates and cellulosed) nucleotides and carbohydrates7. Diffusion:a) requires energyb) only happens in living cellsc) moves substances against a concentration gradientd) none of the above8. Which of the following conditions would cause red blood cells to burst?a) being put in a solution with pH of 7.5c) being heated to a temperature of 30 Cb) being placed in distilled waterd) being placed in an 11% salt solution9. Frog eggs placed in an isotonic solution will:a) burstb) shrink10. In a hypertonic environment, an animal cell will:a) swell upb) start to dividec) remain the samed) get heavierc) shrinkd) remain unchanged11. In an experiment, frog’s eggs were placed in a salt solution. After several hours they were significantly larger.Compared to the frog’s eggs, the salt solution must have been:a) isotonicb) saturatedc) hypotonicd) hypertonic12. A cell will tend to lose water if it is moved from:a) an isotonic solution to a hypotonic solutionb) a hypertonic solution to an isotonic solution13.a)b)c)d)Referring to the solutions in the diagram to the right:solution A is isotonic with solution Bsolution A is hypotonic compared to solution Bsolution B is hypotonic compared to solution Asolution A is hypertonic compared to solution Bc) an isotonic solution to a hypertonic solutiond) a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solutionSolutionA1% salt14. Which of the following processes moves material against aconcentration gradient?a) osmosisc) diffusionb) active transportd) facilitated diffusionSolutionB2% salt
15. A piece of dialysis tubing is filled with an unknown solutionand placed in a beaker containing a 10% salt solution. After15 minutes, the water level inside the dialysis tubing has goneup (see diagram). Which of the following solutions is mostlikely the unknown solution?unknowna) distilled waterc) 10% glucose solutionb) 5% glucose solution d) 20 % glucose solution16. Which of the following processes moves molecules into acell using cellular energy?a) osmosisc) pinocytosisb) diffusiond) facilitated diffusion10%saltBeginning ofexperimentDialysis tubingafter 15 minutes17. Red blood cells were placed in a solution. Two hours later, they were studied under a microscope and theywere all shriveled up. If the ICF of red blood cells is usually 0.9% salt, identify the solution into which the redblood cells were placed:a) 10% saltb) 0.9% saltc) 0.01% saltd) 0.1% salt18. The diagram shows a white blood cell ingesting a bacterium. This is called:a) diffusionb) pinocytosisc) phagocytosisd) facilitated diffusion19. The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to:a) process and package proteinsc) manufacture long chain fatty acidsb) make ribosomesd) all of the above20. The organelle which is important in plant cells for storing water, salts and sugar is the:a) centrosomeb) peroxisomec) lysosomed) central vacuole21. Which of the following organelles are surrounded by two membranes?i) chloroplastsii) ribosomesiii) mitochondriaiv) lysosomesv) centriolesa) i, ii and iii onlyb) i and iii only22. In animal cells, the centrosome is made up of:a) the nucleus, nucleolus and chromatinb) two centriolesc) i, iii and iv onlyd) iv and v onlyc) both the smooth and rough ERd) vesicles and vacuoles23. Which of the following are found ONLY in plant cells?i)centriolesii)cell walliii)flagellaiv)chloroplastsv)mitochondriaa) i, ii and iv only24.a)b)c)d)b) i and iv onlyc) ii and iv onlyd) iv onlyWhat is/are the advantage(s) of organelles within eukaryotic cells?they can keep dangerous substances separate from the rest of the cytoplasmthey can create a specialized environment which allow certain enzymes to function betterthey can store specific substances for later use by the cellall of the above
25. Which of the following is a type of vesicle produced by the Golgi apparatus?a) lysosomesb) central vacuolesc) centrosomesd) microtubules26. Which of the following parts of the cell contain DNA:i) chloroplastsii) ribosomesiii) mitochondriaiv) lysosomesv) nucleusa) i, ii and iii only27.a)b)c)d)b) i, iii and v onlyc) iii and v onlyd) i, ii, iii, iv and vWhich of the following statements is/are true?plant cells have centrosomes which are made up of two centriolesflagella and cilia are part of the cytoskeleton of some plant cellscentrioles are important in the organization of microtubules and microfilamentsall of the above28. Ribosomes are:a) surrounded by a membraneb) manufactured in the nucleolusc) important in making fatty acids and lipidsd) all of the above29. Pancreatic cells make and secrete large quantities of proteins (enzymes). They must have a large number of:a) nucleib) Golgi apparatusc) lysosomesd) peroxisomes30. In what way do mitochondria resemble bacteria? They both contain:a) the same type of ribosomesc) chlorophyll for photosynthesisb) a loop of DNAd) both a) and b)31. Which part of a plant would most likely contain chromoplasts?a) the rootsb) the stemc) the flower32.a)b)c)d)d) all of the aboveA protein is manufactured and will be secreted outside of the cell. It will travel from the:rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport vesicle outside the cellrough ER transport vesicle Golgi secretory vesicle outside the cellsmooth ER transport vesicle Golgi secretory vesicle outside the cellribosome cytoplasm secretory vesicle outside the cell33. Cell walls:a) are made of a polysaccharideb) replace the cell membrane in plant cellsc) control how substances move into and out of cellsd) all of the above34. Cilia are:a) found on the outer surface of some animal cellsb) important in making proteinsc) a type of vesicled) all of the above35. Which of the following is/are vesicles?a) lysosomesb) peroxisomesc) vacuolesd) all of these36. Which of the following organelles is responsible for breaking down long chain fatty acids and some drugs?a) lysosomesb) peroxisomesc) ribosomesd) Golgi apparatus37. Nuclear pores allow:a) only water to enter the nucleusb) only proteins to enter and leave the nucleusc) DNA to enter and leave the nucleusd) ribosomes to leave the nucleus38. Which cell part(s) most closely resemble bacteria in their size and composition?a) lysosomesb) nucleic) plastidsd) Golgi apparatus
39. The gives shape and internal organization to all eukaryotic cells.a) nucleusb) cytoskeletonc) endoplasmic reticulum40. Chromatin contains:a) DNA but not RNAb) RNA but not DNAd) cell wallc) both DNA and RNAd) neither DNA nor RNA41. Which organelle contains enzymes that digest worn out organelles?a) nucleusb) ribosomec) lysosomed) Golgi apparatus42. Which organelle is important in organizing the filaments and tubules that form an animal cell’s cytoskeleton?a) centriolesb) nucleolusc) lysosomesd) vacuoles43. Cells such as muscle cells which require large amounts of energy will have large numbers of:a) centriolesb) lysosomesc) chloroplastsd) mitochondria44. The chemical reactions that take place in lysosomes are classified as:a) photosynthesis reactionsc) cellular respiration reactionsb) anabolic reactionsd) catabolic reactions45. The cell’s cytoskeleton is composed, in part, of:a) plastidsb) cytoplasmc) microtubules46. Which organelle functions as a storage and packaging site?a) ribosomesb) lysosomesc) mitochondria47. Plant cells have:a) chloroplasts instead of mitochondriab) smooth ER instead of rough ERd) chromatind) Golgi apparatusc) cell walls instead of cell membranesd) a large central vacuole instead of smaller vacuoles48. In which of the following organelles is light energy used to produce simple sugars?a) lysosomesb) chloroplastsc) endoplasmic reticulumd) mitochondria49. Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its product?a) nucleolus & DNAc) mitochondria & ATPb) Golgi apparatus & ribosomesd) smooth endoplasmic reticulum & glucose50. Which of the following organelle(s) is/are surrounded by two membranes?a) nucleusb) chloroplastsc) mitochondriad) all of the above51. When a protein is ready to leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, it travels to the Golgi bodies in:a) transport vesiclesb) secretory vesiclesc) lysosomesd) vacuoles52. The fluid-mosaic membrane model describes the cell membrane as a:a) sheet of protein around a cellc) sugar-phosphate backbone around the cellb) phospholipid bilayer and proteinsd) network of cellulose that surrounds the cell53. In which of the following organelles is a large membrane surface area important?a) chloroplastsb) mitochondriac) endoplasmic reticulumd) all of these54. Ribosomes:a) are made of two equally sized subunitsb) are found by the thousands in eukaryotic cellsc) are enclosed in a phospholipid membraned) all of the above55. Plant cells are green because they:a) are surrounded by a green cell wallb) contain leucoplastsc) contain chlorophylld) have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria
56. Which organelle is responsible for maintaining the amount of cell membrane that surrounds the cell?a) lysosomesb) Golgi apparatusc) ribosomesd) cytoskeleton57. Which organelle is responsible for producing the majority of the ATP needed by a cell?a) chloroplastsb) lysosomesc) leucoplastsd) mitochondria58. Which organelle is responsible for maintaining the turgor pressure of plant cells?a) nucleusb) chloroplastsc) central vacuoled) cytoskeleton59. Most eukaryotic cells have only one:a) nucleusb) mitochondriad) all of the abovec) centriole60. Which of the following organelles can be seen using an ordinary light microscope (like those at school)?a) mitochondriab) leucoplastsc) cytoskeletond) ribosomesAnswers:1. a2. a3. b4. c5. b6. b7. d8. b9. c10. b
10. Give three significant differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 11. What structures (organelles) are found in ALL cells? 12. Draw a Venn diagram to compare the organelles that are found in only plant cells, only animal cells and both plant and animal cells. 13. Compar
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