PART 4 Punctuation - Pearson

PART 423242526272829Essentials 88The Comma 89The Semicolon 94The Colon 95The Apostrophe 96Quotation Marks 99End Punctuation 102Other Marks 103PART 53031323334Spelling and MechanicsEssentials 108Spelling and the Hyphen 109Capital Letters 113Italics 115Abbreviations 117Numbers 118PART 63536373839404142434445PunctuationResearch and DocumentationEssentials 122Developing a Research Strategy 123Tracking Sources 126Finding Sources 130Evaluating and Synthesizing Sources 140Integrating Sources into Your Text 149Avoiding Plagiarism 157Documenting Sources 163MLA Documentation and Format 165APA Documentation and Format 205Chicago Documentation and Format 223CSE and IEEE Documentation 237PART 7Other Forms of Communication46 Writing Online 24847 Making Oral Presentations 25048 Writing for Business 255Commonly Misused WordsGrammar Terms261272284Index 287ESL Guide 310CreditsDetailed ContentsA01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 131213/11/15 10:27 am

Finding What You NeedThe handbook provides many ways to reach its information:Use a table of contentsInside the front cover, a brief contents gives an overview ofthe handbook. Inside the back cover, a detailed outline listsall the book’s topics.Use the indexAt the end of the book (p. 286), this alphabetical list includesall topics, terms, and problem words and expressions.Use the glossaries“Commonly Misused Words” (p. 261) clarifies words andexpressions that are often misused or confused. “GrammarTerms” (p. 272) defines grammatical terms, including allterms marked in the text.Use a list“ESL Guide” (pp. 310–11) pulls together the book’s materialfor students using English as a second language. “Editingfor introduction often95Symbols” inside the back cover explains Colonabbreviationsused to mark papers.A transitional expression may move around within itsclause, so the semicolon will not always come just beforeUse the elementstheofexpression.the pageThe transitional expression itself is usually set off with a comma or commas.Header showingtopic being discussedBlue jeans are fashionable all over the world ; the Americanoriginators , however , still wear more jeans thanTheanyoneelse.Colon9524c Semicolons with seriesSemicolons between series itemsUse semicolons (rather than commas) to separateitems in a series when the items contain commas.Examples, alwaysindented, often showingrevisionPage tab containing thecode of the last headingon the page (25a)The custody case involved Amy Dalton, the child ; Ellen andMark Dalton, the parents ; and Ruth and Hal Blum, thegrandparents.No semicolon before a seriesDo not use a semicolon to introduce a series. (Use acolon or a dash instead.)NotButChapter numberand titleSection title, a mainconvention or topiclabelled with theheading code 25a: thechapter number (25)and heading letter (a)Section subheadingSmall raised circlesindicating terms definedin “Grammar Terms”(p. 272)25Teachers have heard all sorts of reasons why studentsdo poorly; psychological problems, family illness, toomuch work, too little time.Teachers have heard all sorts of reasons why studentsdo poorly : psychological problems, family illness,too much work, too little time.25aThe ColonThe colon is mainly a mark of introduction, but it has afew other conventional uses as well.25a Colon for introductionColon at the end of a main clauseThe colon ends a main clause and introduces various additions:The first warm days of spring, followed by cool nights, sendan unmistakable message : it’s time to visit the sugar bush.[Introduces an explanation.]MyWritingLab See “Grammar Terms,” page 272.A01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 2Visit MyWritingLab for more helpwith the colon.13/11/15 10:27 am

CANADIAN EDITIONTorontoA01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 313/11/15 10:27 am

Editorial Director: Claudine O’DonnellMarketing Manager: Jennifer SuttonProgram Manager: Emily DillProject Manager: Kimberley BlakeyDevelopmental Editor: Keriann McGooganProduction Services: Söğüt Y. Güleç, Cenveo Publisher ServicesPermissions Project Manager: Alison DerryText Permissions Research: Phyllis Padula, AptaraCover Designer: Anthony LeungVice-President, Cross Media and Publishing Services: Gary BennettCredits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from othersources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbookappear on the appropriate page on page 284.Original edition published by Pearson Education, Inc., UpperSaddle River, New Jersey, USA. Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. This edition is authorized for sale only in Canada.If you purchased this book outside the United States or Canada,you should be aware that it has been imported without theapproval of the publisher or the author.Copyright 2017, 2014, 2012, 2011, 2008, 2005, 2000 PearsonCanada Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the UnitedStates of America. This publication is protected by copyrightand permission should be obtained from the publisher priorto any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system,or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtainpermission(s) to use material from this work, please submita written request to Pearson Canada Inc., Permissions Department, 26 Prince Andrew Place, Don Mills, Ontario, M3C 2T8,or fax your request to 416-447-3126, or submit a request toPermissions Requests at www.pearsoncanada.ca.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 [V0RN]Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in PublicationAaron, Jane E.[Little, Brown essential handbook for writers]The Little, Brown essential handbook / Jane E. Aaron,Elaine Bander.—Sixth Canadian edition.Includes index.Revision of: The Little, Brown essential handbook for writers / JaneE. Aaron, Elaine Bander.—1st Canadian ed.—Don Mills,Ont.: Addison-Wesley, 1999.ISBN 978-0-13-400542-3 (spiral bound)1. English language—Grammar—Handbooks, manuals, etc.2. English language—Rhetoric—Handbooks, manuals, etc.3. Report writing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Bander, Elaine,1946– , author II. Title. III. Title: Little, Brown essentialhandbook for writers.PE1112.A27 906577-1ISBN 978-0-13-400542-3A01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 413/11/15 10:27 am

PrefaceThis small book contains essential information about academic writing, the writing process, usage, grammar, punctuation, research writing, and source citation—all in aconvenient, accessible format. With its cross-curricularoutlook, easy-to-use format, and assumption of little or noexperience with writing or handbooks, The Little, BrownEssential Handbook helps students with varying interestsand skills, in or out of school.The following description highlights as New the mostsignificant additions and changes to this edition of The Little,Brown Essential Handbook.A guide to academic writingThe handbook introduces the goals and requirements ofacademic writing, emphasizing the writing situation, thesis andorganization, revision, evidence, synthesis, and use of sources. New Genre joins subject, purpose, and audience as a keyelement in every writing situation.New Expanded coverage of revising stresses whole-essayconcerns.New Academic integrity, including responsible use ofsources, is presented as a feature of general academicwriting as well as research writing.New A revised chapter on presenting writing providesinformation on how to format print and electronicdocuments.A guide to research writing and documentationThe handbook helps students find sources; manageinformation; evaluate, synthesize, and cite sources; andavoid plagiarism. New A new chapter on tracking sources emphasizesaccurate record keeping and offers practical tips forhandling sources responsibly.New Updated advice on using the library’s Web portalcovers research guides and centralized searchengines and also updates the material on databases.New Expanded discussions of finding and evaluatingWeb sources—websites, social-networking sites, blogs,wikis, and multimedia—help students discern purposesand distinguish reliable from unreliable sources.New The revised chapter on avoiding plagiarism givesmore examples of deliberate and careless plagiarism,new examples of material that must be cited, andupdated advice about avoiding plagiarism with onlinesources.vA01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 513/11/15 10:27 am

vi Preface New A new chapter on documenting sources discussesprinciples of documentation as well as bibliographysoftware.New Updated, annotated samples of key source typesshow students how to find the bibliographical information to cite each type.New Updated and extensive chapters cover documentation in MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE styles, with newmodels for how to cite social-networking posts, tweets,and electronic books.A uniquely accessible reference handbookThe book includes numerous features designed to helpstudents find what they need and then use what they find. New “Essential” learning objectives opening each ofparts one to six give students an overview of keycontent.Explanations use minimal grammar terminology: needless terms are omitted, and essential terms, marked , aredefined in the glossary “Grammar Terms” (pp. 272–83).Examples use colour annotations and underlining orhighlighting to connect instruction and application.Highlighting on documentation models makes authors,titles, dates, and other citation elements easy to grasp.Material especially for writers using English as a secondlanguage, integrated throughout the handbook, ismarked ESL and indexed at the back of the book(pp. 310–11).Dictionary-style headers in the index make it easy tofind entries.MyWritingLabMyWritingLab is an engaging program for homework,tutorials, and assessment, with built-in multimedia resourcesfor students and instructors. For more information, visitmywritinglab.com.Learning Solutions ManagersPearson’s Learning Solutions Managers work with faculty and campus course designers to ensure that Pearsontechnology products, assessment tools, and online coursematerials are tailored to meet your specific needs. Thishighly qualified team is dedicated to helping schools take fulladvantage of a wide range of educational resources, byassisting in the integration of a variety of instructionalmaterials and media formats. Your local Pearson Canadasales representative can provide you with more details onthis service program.A01 AARO5423 06 SE FM.indd 613/11/15 10:27 am

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and distinguish reliable from unreliable sources. New The revised chapter on avoiding plagiarism gives more examples of deliberate and careless plagiarism, new examples of material that must be cited, and updated advice about avoiding plagiarism with online sources