Old Testament Survey - South Carolina Conference

Old Testament SurveyPresented By: Dean Morgan1

Introduction berith diatheke The Old Testament revealed inthe New, the New veiled in theOld—St. Augustine. The New is in the Old contained,and the Old is in the Newexplained.2

God’s Word Is Living And:1. Indestructible: Matthew 24:352. Incorruptible: 1 Peter 1:23-253. Indispensable: Deuteronomy 8:3;Matthew 4:4; Job 23:124. Infallible: Matthew 5:185. Inexhaustible: Psalm 92:53

Introduction Central theme: Salvation through JesusChrist. From Adam to Abraham we have thehistory of the human race. From Abraham to Christ we have thehistory of the chosen race. From Christ on we have the history of thechurch. Subject of the Bible: Redemption4

Introduction: Purpose of the Bible1. To Provide a foundation for our faith:Romans 10:17.2. To make us wise unto salvation: 2Timothy 3:15.3. “For doctrine, for reproof, forcorrection, for instruction inrighteousness, that the man of Godmay be perfect, thoroughly furnishedunto all good works” 2 Timothy 3:1617.5

Introduction You can read the Bible through in 72hours and 40 minutes. The Old Testament in 52 hours and20 minutes. The New Testament in 18 hours and20 minutes. The Psalms in 4 hours.6

Introduction: Views of the Bible1. The liberal view.2. The Existentialist or NeoOrthodoxy view.3. The Historic and Evangelical view.4. The Neo-Evangelical view.7

Introduction: The Bible It is VerbalIt is UnbreakableIt is IrrevocableIt has Final AuthorityIt is PlenaryIt has complete Inerrancy8

Introduction: Definitions Translation: A translation is simplythe rendering of a given compositionfrom one language to another. Literal Translation: It is one thatexpresses, as far as is possible, theexact meaning of the original words.It is a word-for-word translation andtherefore is more rigid in itsrenderings than a mere translation.9

Introduction: Definitions Version: is a translation from theoriginal language of a literary text intoanother language. Revisions or Revised Versions: theseare works that are actually translatedfrom one language, usually theoriginal, and have been carefully andsystematically reviewed and examinedfor the purpose of correcting errors ormaking other necessary emendations. 10

Introduction: DefinitionsParaphrase: they are freetranslations or restatements ofsentences, passages, or works inan attempt to keep the originalsense of the text whileexpressing its meaning morefully or clearly than could bedone by a more literal translation.11

Original Language οὕτω γὰρ ἡγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸνκόσμον, ὥστε τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸνμονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁπιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται,ἀλλ ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον. (John 3:16GNT) (Genesis 1:1 HOT) בראׁשית ברא אלהים את הׁשמים ואת הארץ׃ 12

Introduction The divisions of the Bible werearranged in 1550 by Robert Stephens, aprinter of Paris. The longest chapter is Psalm 119, andthe shortest, and middle, is Psalm 117.The longest verse is Esther 8:9, andthe shortest is John 11:35. The middleverse in Scripture is Psalm 118:8. Ezra 7:21 contains all the letters of thealphabet except j.13

12 Principle Places Of The O.T.1.2.3.4.5.EdenAraratBabelUr of the ChaldeesCanaan (withAbraham)6. Egypt (withJoseph)7. Sinai8. Wilderness9. Canaan (withJoshua)10.Assyria (captivityof Israel)11.Babylon (captivityof Judah)12.Canaan(Palestine—returnof the exiles)14

Introduction: Bible Study First, the Bible must be studied with anopen mind, and a heart receptive to itsmessage. Second, the Bible should always bestudied with the thought in mind thatthe Book is its own best interpreter. Third, different translations or versionswill be found helpful in determining themeaning of the original.15

Introduction: Bible Study Fourth, personal interpretations ought tobe checked by reference to some of theleading commentaries. Fifth, no one can hope to make any kindof systematic personal study of the Biblewithout frequent recourse toconcordances. Finally, there will be occasions when thecareful Bible student will wish to makeuse of biblical encyclopedias or16dictionaries, and a biblical atlas.

GenesisThe Book Of Beginnings17

Genesis The book is called “in the Beginning”by the Jews. It tells us the beginning of everythingexcept God. Genesis gives us at least 2,000 years ofrecord. Subject: God’s works and ways inrestoring a ruined earth and His wayswith seven men: Adam, Abel, Noah,Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.18

Genesis Purpose: To introduce to us(typically) God’s purpose and planin redemption. Writer: Moses To Whom Written: Israel inparticular; mankind in general. Key Chapters: 1, Creation; 12,Abraham’s call.19

Genesis Key Verse: 1:1 Key Word: Beginning Key Thought: The book ofbeginnings. Key Phrase: In the beginning Spiritual Thought: Begin withGod.20

Genesis – 3 Word Outline1. Generation—In the beginningGod (1:1)2. Degeneration—Now the serpent(3:1)3. Regeneration—Now the Lord(12:1)21

ExodusThe Book Of Departure From Egypt22

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Exodus Exodus “departure” Exodus is preeminently the book ofredemption in the Old Testament. Subject: Israel’s bondage,deliverance, and their relation toGod. Purpose: To teach us thenecessity, method, and the resultof God’s purpose in redemption.24

Exodus Scope: The Exodus events cover aperiod of approximately 145 years. Writer: Moses To Whom Written: Israel; to thebeliever Where Written: In the wilderness Key Chapter: 12. The Passover. Key Verse: 12:2325

Exodus Key Word: Redemption. Key Phrase: Pass over you Key Thought: The making of anation. Spiritual Thought: Come out forGod.26

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Exodus: The Tabernacle For Israel, the Tabernacle wasinstituted for the purpose of revealingthrough object lessons God’s plan ofredemption for every believingIsraelite. For us, the Holy Spirit has recorded thethings concerning the Tabernacle toillustrate the work of redemption whichhas been accomplished by our LordJesus.28

Exodus1. The Foundation –Atonement Money2. The hangings ofthe court3. The Gate4. The Brazen altar5. The Laver6. The Door7. The Veil8. The Candlestick9. The Table ofShowbread10.The Golden Altar11.The Ark12.The Mercy Seat29

LeviticusThe Book Of Atonement30

Leviticus Leviticus means “The Lord Called.” It deals primarily with: the LeviticalPriesthood, the services of thepriests, and the law of sacrifice. Subject: The acceptable way ofapproach unto a Holy God forIsrael and the holy walk becomingthem as an accepted people.31

Leviticus Purpose: To teach us the onlyacceptable way of approach unto aHoly God, and the holy walkbecoming us as an acceptedpeople. In Genesis we see man ruined. In Exodus, man is redeemed. In Leviticus, man worshiping.32

Leviticus Leviticus is God speaking to usthrough the Tabernacle and itsmeaning. Writer: Moses To Whom Written: Israel in general; thethe Levites in particular. When and Where Written: About 1500B.C., in the wilderness Key Chapter: 16. Day of Atonement.33

Leviticus Key Verse: 19:2 Key Words: Holiness, found 87 times;Holy found 65 times. Key Phrase: “You shall be holy; for Iam holy”: Key Thought: The Laws of the Nation. Spiritual Thought: Get right with God. Christ Is Seen As: Our Great HighPriest34

Leviticusa. The Passoverb. Unleavened Breadc. First Fruitsd. Pentecoste. Trumpetsf. Atonementg. Tabernacles35

Leviticus: Offerings Burnt Offering: “Surrender” of Christfor the world – Chapter 1Meal Offering: “Service” of Christ inlife – Chapter 2Peace Offering: “Serenity” of Christ inlife – Chapter 3Sin offering: “Substitute” of Christ forsin – Chapter 4-5:13Trespass Offering: “Satisfaction” byChrist for demands of God – Chapter5:14-6:736

NumbersThe Book Of Pilgrimage37

Numbers Two numberings: one at Mt. Sinai(Chapter 1), and the other in theplains of Moab about 39 years later(Chapter 26). Contents: It is the story of thewilderness wanderings of aredeemed people who failed to enterthe Promised Land at Kadeshbarnea.38

Numbers Subject: Israel’s preparation fortheir wilderness journey and forentrance into the Promised Land. Purpose: To teach us how Godwould lead us through the placeof blessing, by belief and trust inHim.39

Numbers Writer: Moses When and Where Written: About1451 B.C., after the Israelites hadreached the plains of Moab. Key Chapter: 14. Unbelief at KadeshBarnea. Key Verse: 33:1 Key Thought: The training of thenation Israel.40

Numbers Leviticus deals with thebeliever’s worship. Numbers deals with thebeliever’s walk. In Leviticus we see the believer’sprivileges. In Numbers the wilderness in thedrill field.41

Numbers: Christ Is Seen As The Rock The Star – prince The Scepter – Ruler or King42

Numbers – Use Of TrumpetsA. For the Calling of the AssembliesB. For the Journeying of the CampsC. For the Calling of the PrincesD. For the Blowing of AlarmsE. For War or Enemy OppressionF. For Days of Gladness43

Numbers: Use Of TrumpetsG. For Solemn AssembliesH. For the Beginning of MonthsI. For the Offerings and Sacrifices44

Numbers: Further Use Of TrumpetsA. anointing of KingsB. Dedication of Solomon’s TempleC. great year of JubileeD. final judgments of God and alsoat the second coming of Christ45

Numbers: Cities Of Refugea. Kadesh means holyb. Shechem, a shoulderc. Hebron, fellowshipd. Bezer, a fortificatione. Ramoth, high, or exaltedf. Golan, joy, or exultation46

DeuteronomyThe Book Of Preparation For Possession47

Deuteronomy Deuteronomy “Second Law”It’s Necessity1. A new generation had grown upwhich had not heard the originalpromulgation of the law given atSinai.48

Deuteronomy2. A new country devoted toidolatrous worship of the mostseductive kind was about to beentered.3. New duties were soon to betaken up by them. Character: Historical and Law49

Deuteronomy Scope: A period of about 40 years. Writer: Moses. To Whom Written: Primarily to thenew generation which had beenborn after leaving Sinai. When and Where Written: Plains ofMoab Key Chapter: 29.50

Deuteronomy Key Verse: 6:5 – “You shall love theLORD your God with all your heart,with all your soul, and with all yourstrength.” Key Words:1. Obedience2. Remember51

Deuteronomy Key Phrase: Observe and do: 12:1. Key Thought: The review of the Law:4:1. Spiritual Thought: Stop and think. One word sums it all up: obedience52

Deuteronomy: We Have A Life1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Under God’s guidanceOf humbleness before GodUpheld by GodInsufficient apart from GodOf anticipation in GodOf gratitude to GodStrengthened by God53

Deuteronomy:33:29a. Saved: 29ab. Shielded: 29bc. Sustained: 29cd. Strengthened: 29d54

Division IIHistorical Books55

Historical Books Subject: God’s acts or dealings withIsrael to cause them to posses theirinheritance of the Promised Land. Purpose: To illustrate typicallyGod’s dealings with us to cause usto enjoy our place and blessings inthe heavenlies in Christ Jesus.56

JoshuaThe Book Of ConquestAnd Settlement57

Joshua El was the chief god who wascalled “father bull” and creator. His wife’s name was Asherah. Chief among their many offspringwas Baal, meaning “lord”. Joshua’s original name was“Oshea” (Numbers 13:8), a wordmeaning “salvation”.58

Joshua He was also called “Jehoshua”and “Hoshea”. “Joshua” (Numbers 14:6) means“Jehovah saves” or “Jehovah issalvation.” The Greek equivalent of“Joshua” is “Jesus”.59

Joshua Character: Historical Subject: Israel’s entrance into (1-5),conquest of (6-12), and division of theland of Canaan for their inheritance (1324). Purpose: To teach us how Jesus, ourJoshua, would lead us into the place ofblessing, give us victory over the enemy,and cause us to enjoy our blessings inthe heavenlies in Christ.60

Joshua Joshua covers about twenty five years.The area of conquest was about 7 years.Writer: Joshua: 24:26Where and Where Written: Possibly1425 to 1420 B.C., somewhere inCanaan. Key Chapter: 1. God commissionsJoshua. Key Verses: 21:44, 4561