Systems Analysis And Design - Tiiciiitm

1Systems Analysis and DesignDr. Anurag SrivastavaABV-IIITM, Gwalior (M.P.) 4740101System Analysis and DesignSyllabus:Concepts and Information System Environment: System definition,characteristics of a system, organization, interaction, interdependence, integration,elements of a system, outputs and inputs, processors, control, feedback,boundaries and interface, types of system.SDLC and System analyst: SDLC models, Role of the Systems Analyst,Organizational Style and its Impact on Information Systems, Feasibility andManaging Analysis and Design Activities.Information Requirements Analysis: Sampling and Investigating Hard Data,Interviewing using Questionnaires, Decision-Maker Behavior and OfficeEnvironment, Prototyping.Analysis Process: Data Flow Diagrams, Data Dictionaries, ProcessSpecifications and Structured Decisions, Semi structured Decision SupportSystems, Systems Proposal.Essentials of Design and Automated Tools: Designing Effective Input andOutput, File or Database, User Interface, Data-Entry Procedures, CASEdefinitions, Types of CASE tools, Benefits and Limitations of CASE tools, CASEsupport in SDLC, Software Maintenance.2Concepts and Information System Environment1Evaluation:ComponentDurationWeightage (%)Minor Test 1One Hour20Minor Test 2One Hour20Assignment / Seminar/ Project ClassPerformanceMajor Test15 5Two HourConcepts and Information System Environment403

Books/References System Analysis and Design in a Changing World MISSeriesJohn W. Satzinger, Robert B. Jackson, and Stephen D. Burd. Systems Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition by Gary B.Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, and Harry J. Rosenblatt(Paperback - Mar 16, 2005) Systems Analysis and Design by Alan Dennis, BarbaraHaley Wixom, and Roberta M. Roth (Hardcover - Oct 14,2005) Systems Analysis and Design (6th Edition) by Kenneth E.Kendall and Julie E. Kendall (Hardcover - Mar 1, 2004)14Concepts and Information System Environment1UNIT 1:Systems Analysis Basics1Overview Information Systems Crucial to success of modern businessorganizations Constantly being developed to make businessmore competitive Impact productivity and profitsKeys to successful systems development Thorough systems analysis and design Understanding what business requiresConcepts and Information System Environment6

1Overview (continued) Systems analysis – what system should do Systems design – how components ofinformation system should be physicallyimplemented Systems analyst – uses analysis and designtechniques to solve business problems withinformation technology7Concepts and Information System Environment1Definition: The term system is derived from the Greek wordSystema, which means an organized relationshipamong functioning units or components. A system exists because it is designed toachieve one or more objectives.8Concepts and Information System Environment1Basic implication of the study A system must be designed to achieve a predeterminedobjective. Interrelationships and interdependencies must existamong the components. The objective of the organization as whole have a higherpriority than the objective of its subsystems. Example: computerizing personnel applications mustconform to the organizations policy on privacy,confidentiality, and security, as well as making selecteddata (e.g. pay roll) available to the accounting division onrequest.Concepts and Information System Environment9

1Characteristics of a system Systemdefinitionsuggeststhatsomecharacteristics that are present in all systems: Organization(Order) Interaction Interdependence Integration Centralobjective10Concepts and Information System Environment1Organization Organization implies structure and order. It is thearrangement of the components that helps to achieveobjectives.Formal Vice-PresidentProductionDepartment HeadAssemblyVice-PresidentAccountingDepartment HeadPaintingWorkersLines ofAuthorityWorkersOrganizational Structure: ExampleConcepts and Information System Environment111Interaction Interaction refers to the manner in which eachcomponent functions with other components ofthe subsystem. Example: Purchasing– production Advertising– sales Payroll – personnel Incomputer system, CPU must interact with theinput devices to solve a problem.Concepts and Information System Environment12

1Interdependence: Interdependence means that parts of theorganization or computer system depends onone another. They are coordinated and linkedtogether according to a plan. One subsystem depends on input of anothersubsystem for proper functioning; i.e. the o/p ofone sub system is the required i/p for anothersubsystem13Concepts and Information System Environment1MajorSubsystems of aProductionFirmProductionMajor e &AdminPersonnelIntermediate(Middle butionSystemMinor(Lower level)subsystemBenefits &ServicesHealth butionReportFringe BenefitsReportConcepts and Information System Environment141The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver Has computer technology knowledge andprogramming expertise Understands business problems Uses logical methods for solving problems Has fundamental curiosity Wants to make things better Is more of a business problem solver thantechnical programmerConcepts and Information System Environment15

Analyst’s Approach to Problem Solving1Research and understand the problemVerify that the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the costsDefine the requirements for solving the problemDevelop a set of possible solutions (alternatives)Decide which solution is best, and make a recommendationDefine the details of the chosen solutionImplement the solutionMonitor to make sure that you obtain the desired resultsConcepts and Information System Environment161Systems That Solve Business Problems System – interrelated components functioningtogether to achieve outcome Information systems – collection of interrelatedcomponents that collect, process, store, andprovide as output information needed tocomplete tasks Subsystems – part of larger system Supersystem – larger system containssubsystem Functional decomposition – dividing system intosmaller subsystems and componentsConcepts and Information System Environment171Information Systems and SubsystemsConcepts and Information System Environment18

Information Systems and ComponentPartsConcepts and Information System EnvironmentSystem Boundary vs. AutomationBoundaryConcepts and Information System Environment1191201Types of Information Systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) Capture and record information aboutorganization’s transactionsManagement information systems (MIS) Take information captured by TPS Produce reports for planning and controlExecutive information systems (EIS) Monitoring competitive environment and strategicplanningConcepts and Information System Environment21

1Types of Information Systems (continued) Decision support systems (DSS) Communication support systems Explore impact of available options or decisions(What-if scenarios)Facilitate communication internally and withcustomers and suppliersOffice support systems Help employees create and share documentsConcepts and Information System Environment221Types of Information Systems (continued)Concepts and Information System Environment231Required Skills of the Systems Analyst An analyst should have fundamental technologyknowledge of: Computers / peripheral devices (hardware) Communication networks and connectivity Database and database management systems(DBMS) Programming languages (for example: VB.NET orJava) Operating systems and utilitiesConcepts and Information System Environment24

1Technical Knowledge and Skills Analyst uses tools: Software productivity packages (MS Office) Integrated development environments (IDEs) forprogramming languages CASE tools / coding, testing, and documentationsupport packagesAnalyst understands SDLC phase techniques: Project planning Systems analysis, systems design Construction, implementation, systems supportConcepts and Information System Environment251Business Knowledge and Skills Analyst must understand: Business functions performed by organization Organizational structure Organization management techniques Functional work processesSystems analysts typically study businessadministration in collegeConcepts and Information System Environment261People Knowledge and Skills Systems analysts need to understand howpeople: Think Learn React to change Communicate Work (in a variety of jobs and levels)Concepts and Information System Environment27

1People Knowledge and Skills (continued) Interpersonal and communication skills arecrucial to: Obtaining information Motivating people Getting cooperation Understanding the complexity and workings of anorganization in order to provide necessary supportConcepts and Information System Environment281Integrity and Ethics Analyst has access to confidential informationsuch as salary, an organization’s plannedprojects, security systems, etc. Must keep information private Any impropriety can ruin an analyst’s career Analyst plans security in systems to protectconfidential informationConcepts and Information System Environment291Required Skills of the Systems AnalystConcepts and Information System Environment30

1The Environment Surrounding the Analyst Types of Technology Encountered Desktop Networked desktops Client-server Mainframe Internet, intranet, and extranet Wireless, PDAs, Cell Phones (mobile workers)Concepts and Information System Environment311Typical Job Titles and Places of Employment Job titles of systems analyst vary greatly, butentail same thing Places of employment vary from smallbusinesses to large corporations Analysts can be internal employees or outsideconsultants Analysts can be developing solutions for internalbusiness managers or for external clients andcustomersConcepts and Information System Environment321The Analyst’s Role in Strategic Planning Special projects affecting executives Business process reengineering – radicalimprovements to existing processes Strategic planning development process Information systems strategic planning Application architecture plan (business focus) Technology architecture plan (infrastructure focus)Enterprise resource planning (ERP) integratedsystemsConcepts and Information System Environment33

Components of an information systemsstrategic planConcepts and Information System EnvironmentRocky Mountain Outfitters (RMO) and ItsStrategic Information Systems Plan RMO sports clothing manufacturer and distributor aboutto begin customer support system project First understand: nature of the business, approach tostrategic planning, and objectives for customer supportsystem RMO systems development project used to demonstrateanalysis and design concepts Reliable Pharmaceutical Service (RPS) is a second casestudy for classroom purposesConcepts and Information System EnvironmentIntroduction to Rocky Mountain Outfitters(RMO) business Began Park City, Utah in 1978 supplying winter sportsclothes to local ski shops Expanded into direct mail-order sales with small catalog– as catalog interest increased, opened retail store inPark City Became large, regional sports clothing distributor by early2000’s in Rocky Mountain and Western states Currently 100 million in annual sales and 600employees and two retail stores Mail-order revenue to 60 million, phone-order revenue is 30 millionConcepts and Information System Environment134135136

1Early RMO Catalog Cover (Spring, 1978)Concepts and Information System Environment371Current RMO Catalog Cover (Fall 2005)Concepts and Information System Environment381RMO Strategic Issues Innovational clothing distributor, featuredproducts on Web site ahead of competitors Original Web site functions: Enhanced Web site functions: Enhance image, request copy of catalog, portal toOutdoor sports Web sitesAdd specific product information, weekly specials,and all product offeringsDetailed IS strategic plan Supply chain management Customer relationship managementConcepts and Information System Environment39