Major Air Pollutant Sources - European Commission
Major air pollutant sourcesChrister ÅgrenAir Pollution & Climate Secretariatwww.airclim.org
Air Quality & Health In 2005, excessive levels of PM were estimated to cause455,000 premature deaths/year in EU27. Under the Baseline scenario, by 2030 PM pollution wouldstill cause more than 300,000 premature deaths/year.20102030 BaselineMaps: Loss of statistical life expectancy from PM exposure (months)Sources: IIASA (Nov 2012); EMRC (Nov 2012); EEA (June 2009)
Eutrophication2010: 62% (1,000,000 km2)2030 Baseline: 54% (890,000 km2)Source: IIASA (Nov 2012)Acidification2010: 7.5% (96,000 km2)2030 Baseline: 3.7% (47,000 km2)
Emissions by sector in 2010SO2NOxVOCsPM2.5Source: EEA (2012)
Potential for emission reductions2010-2050Further emissionreductions from:- Decarbonisation(mainly SO2 & NOx)- Air pollution controlmeasures (could furtherhalve emissions)Source: IIASA (2013)
Sectoral measures – examples (1) Smaller industrial combustion plants (1 - 50 MWth):- Set binding Emission Limit Values (ELV) and require use ofBest Available Techniques (BAT), e.g. through IED-directive Domestic solid fuel combustion (boilers, stoves, etc.):- Set stringent ELVs for new installations in Ecodesign directive;Phase-out or retrofit existing installations Agriculture:- Nitrogen management; Measures linked to feeding, housing,manure storage & application; Lower meat consumption;Enforce ban on agricultural waste burning
Sectoral measures – examples (2) Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM):- Stricter ELVs in the NRMM-directive; Retrofit PM-traps Road vehicles:- Ensure real-life compliance; New Euro 7/VII-standards Solvents:- Reduce solvent-content in products International shipping:- SO2- and NOx-Emission Control Areas in all European seas;NOx-control on existing ships; PM/BC-control; Lower speeds
What’s needed? Support – not least from member states – for a high level ofambition in EU’s air pollution policy:- NECs for 2020/25/30 that achieve EU’s environmental objectives;- Air quality standards in line with WHO’s recommendations;- New/strengthened sector legislation to support the NECs;- Measures to ensure compliance and enforcement. Action on ships: EU and member states must push action in theInternational Maritime Organisation (IMO) for measures to cutship emissions. Action on greenhouse gases: Domestic and international action(in the FCCC) for binding commitments that safeguard amaximum temperature increase of 1.5 degrees.
Conclusions Air pollutant emissions and damage are still much too high. Further emission reductions bring significant benefits to society. Revised TSAP and NEC directive should aim to achieve EU’senvironmental objectives. Ensuring a high level of ambition in the revised NEC directive requiresnew and strengthened sectoral measures, especially for:-Agriculture (NH3, PM/BC, CH4)International shipping (SO2, NOx, PM/BC)Domestic solid-fuel combustion (PM/BC, VOCs)Road and non-road vehicles (NOx, PM/BC)Small industrial combustion plants (SO2, NOx)Solvents in products (VOCs) Climate policy has great impact on air pollutant (SO2 and NOx) emissions.EU must establish and implement faster and more far-reaching domesticGHG emission reductions.
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2030 Baseline: 54% (890,000 km. 2) 2030 Baseline: 3.7% (47,000 km. 2) Source: IIASA (Nov 2012) Source: TSAP-2012 Baseline: Health and Environmental Impacts. TSAP Report No 6, Version 1.0. IIASA \ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 尩
GIS Pollutant Loading Application— Users Manual 1. Pollutant Loading Application Overview PLOAD is a simplified, GIS-based model to calculate pollutant loads for watersheds1. PLOAD estimates nonpoint sources (NPS) of pollution on an annual average basis, for any user-specified pollutant. The user may calculate the NPS loads using either the .
Secondary pollutants primary pollutant. air pollution. Objectives Name five primary air pollutants, and give sources for each. Name the two major sources of air pollution in urban areas. Describe the way in which smog forms. Explain the way in which a ther-mal inversion traps air pollution. Key Terms air pollution primary pollutant secondary .
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Air pollution is the addition of harmful substances to the atmosphere. An air pollutant is anything in the air that can damage the environment or make people or other organisms sick. Some air pollution comes from natural sources. Other forms of air pollution are caused by things people do. There are two kinds of air pollutants: primary pollut-
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