Module 3 Unit 1 System Components - WordPress
CompTIA IT Fundamentals (Exam FC0-U61)Module 3 / Unit 1 / System ComponentsCopyright 2018 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved. Screenshots used for illustrative purposes are the property of the software proprietor. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed inany form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission CompTIA, 3500 Lacey Road, Suite 100, Downers Grove, IL 60515-5439. CompTIA and the CompTIA logo are registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc., inthe U.S. and other countries. All other product and service names used may be common law or registered trademarks of their respective proprietors.
Explain the way in which system components determineperformance and how to specify an appropriate computer system Describe the types and functions of motherboards, processors,memory, and the expansion bus Explain the importance of a cooling system and the componentsused Identify the role of PC firmware and access the firmware setupprogramCompTIA IT Fundamentals 2
Selecting a Computer Key components for performance Central Processing Unit Memory (System RAM) Fixed diskWhat type of componentprovides persistent storage?o HardDisk Drive (HDD)o Solid State Drive (SSD) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)CompTIA IT Fundamentals 3
Network Interface Wired networko Ethernet porto Network(RJ-45)Interface Card (NIC) Wireless networko Wi-Fi radio networkingo Wireless accessCompTIA IT Fundamentals points4
Motherboard ComponentsWhat computercomponent is mostrestrictive in terms ofdetermining upgradepotential for a desktopcomputer?True or false? A plug-incard is always required tosupport PC sound.CompTIA IT Fundamentals 5
Processors Microprocessor/integrated circuit Central Processing Unit (CPU) is main processor incomputer Intel versus AMDCompTIA IT Fundamentals 6
Intel and AMD CPU Brands Core Pentium Celeron Atom Xeon Legacy—Athlon, Phenom,Sempron, Turion, AMDFX, Opteron Zen microarchitecture Ryzen/Threadripper andRyzen Mobile EpycCompTIA IT Fundamentals 7
ARM CPUs ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) microarchitectureWidely used on smartphones and tabletso ARM don’t make CPUs but license the designso Apple A, Samsung Exynos, nVIDIA Tegrao RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing RISC microarchitectures use simple instructions processed very quickly Complex (CISC) microarchitectures use more powerful instructions butprocess each one more slowly Intel's microarchitecture is CISC with RISC enhancements (micro-ops)CompTIA IT Fundamentals 8
Features of Processors Control unit/pipeline Execution units RegistersCompTIA IT Fundamentals 9
Instruction Set (32- versus 64-bit) x86 instruction setx86 instruction set started in 1978 with 16-bit CPUsFirst 32-bit CPU with x86-32/IA-32 released in 1985o x86-64/x64 developed by AMD in 2003 (Intel refer to it as EM64T)o 32-bit versus 64-bit CPU32-bit CPU can address up to 4 GB memoryo 64-bit CPU can address up to 16 Exabytes (currently CPUs use a 48-bit address space(256 Terabytes)o 64-bit CPUs can run 32-bit operating systems and softwareo 32-bit CPUs CANNOT run 64-bit operating systems or softwareo Most PC/laptop CPU models are now 64-bitCompTIA IT Fundamentals 10
Clock Speed and Bus Speed Clock speed differentiates CPU models (premiummodels run faster) Front Side Bus between CPU and system memoryis another important performance factorCompTIA IT Fundamentals 11
Multiprocessing and Dual-core Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)o Providing multiple CPUo Usuallysockets on the motherboarda feature of server systems Chip Level Multiprocessing (CMP)o EachCPU contains multiple “cores”o Eachcore works as a (more-or-less) independent CPUo 2-core, 4-core, and 8-core modelsCompTIA IT Fundamentals available12
System and Expansion Bus Technologies Motherboard is a printed circuit board with buses connectingprocessorso Datao Addresso Timingo Power System bus (Front Side Bus) between CPU and system memory Expansion bus (Input/Output Bus) between CPU and otherprocessorsCompTIA IT Fundamentals 13
CompTIA IT Fundamentals
Expansion Bus TypesBusPCI (32-bit)AGPPCI Express(PCIe) 1.0PCIe x16PCIe 2.0PCIe 2.0 x16PCIe 3.0BandwidthNotes133 MBps Very old but still used on some desktopsfor compatibility; bandwidth is sharedbetween all devices attached to the bus.2133 MBps Used for old graphics adapters only.250 MBps per Can use x1, x2, x8, or x16 laneslane depending on the size of the slot; usespoint-to-point links so each device getsthe full bandwidth of the number of lanes itsupports.4 GBps Graphics adapters typically use x16 lanes.500 MBps per Version 2 doubles the bandwidth per lane.lane8 GBps1 GBps per lane Version 3 doubles the bandwidth per laneagain.CompTIA IT Fundamentals You want topurchase a computerwith a fast graphicsinterface. What typeof expansion slotshould you look for?15
System Cooling Heatsinks and thermal pasteo Passivecoolingo Transfer heat by convection Fanso Activecooling (powered)o Dissipate warm air fromcomponento Case fans draw cool air throughfront vents and expel warm airthrough backCompTIA IT Fundamentals 16
Liquid-based Cooling SystemsCompTIA IT Fundamentals 17
BIOS and UEFI System Firmware Bootstrapping (booting)o CPUstarts and initializes other componentso Occurs before operating system loadso Controlled by PCfirmware BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)CompTIA IT Fundamentals 18
System Firmware Setup Program Press a key during bootsequence—look atscreen or refer todocumentation Navigate using keyboardand ESCCompTIA IT Fundamentals 19
UEFI Setup ProgramsBoth UEFI and BIOS are lowlevel software that starts whenyou boot your PC beforebooting your operating system,but UEFI is a more modernsolution, supporting larger harddrives, faster boot times, moresecurity features, and—conveniently—graphics andmouse cursors.CompTIA IT Fundamentals 20
CompTIA IT Fundamentals
ReviewImage by Wavebreak Media 123rf.com Explain the way in which systemcomponents determine performanceand how to specify an appropriatecomputer system Describe the types and functions ofmotherboards, processors, memory,and the expansion bus Explain the importance of a coolingsystem and the components used Identify the role of PC firmware andaccess the firmware setup programCompTIA IT Fundamentals 22
x86 instruction set o x86 instruction set started in 1978 with 16-bit CPUs First 32-bit CPU with x86-32/IA-32 released in 1985 o x86-64/x64 developed by AMD in 2003 (Intel refer to it as EM64T) 32-bit versus 64-bit CPU o 32-bit CPU can address up to 4 GB memory o 64-bit CPU can address up to 16 Exabytes (
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