Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014 1
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BY: Frederick T. McKnight, P.E. LEED AP William A. Turner, MS, P.E. LEED AP Turner Building Science & Design, LLC Lyndonville, VT Concord , NH Harrison, ME Hartford, CT Clients Throughout the USACopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20142
Disclaimer & CreditsThis is the best and most current generalinformation of which we are aware. It isnot intended to be used as legal advice.Individual projects require individualattention.Comments and feedback are always welcomeCredits: to our clients.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20143
Learning Objectives Understand the goals of the commonlyspecified field tests for enclosure assemblies. Understand the basic requirements of somecommonly specified tests. Understand current building air leakage goals. Recognize the value of assembly vs.component testing of enclosures.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20144
Definitions: Enclosure: Physical Barrier separating the indoorenvironment from the ambient outdoor environment Components: Individual assemblies that comprisethe composite wall, roof or floor. Assemblies: Include materials that are typicallyused to complete an component such as air barriersthat include barrier materials, transition materialsand masticsCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20145
“Water Managed Assemblies”are Designed to: Keep Wind Driven Rain Out Manage Vapor Drive for the Climate Allow Some Moisture to Leave Use Very Durable Materials & OftenRedundancy To Keep Water OutCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20146
Sample Wall Graphic:Courtesy David Johnston & Company & rcmzeroenergy.com.comCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20147
CourtesyBuilding ScienceCorporationCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20148
Definition: “Whole building air tightness testing”:A specific test to measure the air tightness ofan enclosure or to measure the leakiness ofthe enclosure and in some special cases as ameans to quantify building energy use thatmy be attributed to the enclosure.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 20149
Basic & Enhanced BuildingEnclosure Commissioning Field testing for enhanced Commissioning mayrequire additional testing. Whole building air tightness testing is usuallyrequired as well as site leakage detection. Increased observations & testing of joint seals &air barrier assemblies.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201410
Categories of Enclosure Testing Enclosure tests fall into about10 categorieshalf of which you’re likely to see on almostany building & the others will be usedmostly on specialized structures.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201411
Most Common Tests Preformed Most likely to see tests for: Air Infiltration Water Intrusions Thermal Performance Moisture ContentCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201412
Not So Common:May Appear in Enhanced BECx Utilized on special building types & include: Security Solar optical performance (mostly lab tests) Rain screen (mostly lab tests) Structural Performance Appearance & Durability (mostly lab tests) Acoustical PerformanceCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201413
Today’s Topics This presentation will focus oncommon field tests to verify: Air Leakiness Rate (& leakage site) Water Intrusion (& leakage site) Moisture Content Thermal PerformanceCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201414
Agencies, Associations, & Councils Agencies that have test standards for field testing ofenclosure assemblies & components include: ABAA (Air Barrier Association of America) ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) ANSI (American National Standards Institute) CAN/CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board)ref. ASHRAE NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council) , CSA (Canadian Standards) AAMA (American Architectural Manufactures Association) Others?Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201415
Common “Field” Performed AirInfiltration Tests ASTM E779 (Std. Blower Door Tests) ASTM E1827 (Orifice Blower Door) ASTM E1186 (Locating Leakage Sites)Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201416
ASTM E779 Standard Test Methodfor Determining Air Leakage Rate byFan Pressurization 1. Measures building enclosure air leakage rate at ahigh building pressure difference to minimizeerrors induced by wind pressure. 2. Multi point test utilizing linear regressionanalysis techniques 3. Single zone test 4. Pressurization, Depressurization, & CombinedCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201417
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Typical Linear Regression ChartAir Leakage Rate15000y 552.49x 1657.3R² 510152025Pressure Difference PaCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC201419
E779 Restrictions & Limitations: Building must be configured as a single zone (withless than 10% variation within the zone) at thehighest test pressure. Limited to temperature and building heightrestrictions (Dt*height 200moC). Test methods does not simulate air leakage undernormal operating conditions. (Suggest multipleASTM E 741 Tracer Gas runs at varying conditionsover time)Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201420
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E779 Restrictions & Limitations:(Cont) Test needs to be completed: When wind speeds are low,no more than 4 MPH Temperature difference between inside andoutside are not greater than 65 degrees Based on Indoor Air Temperature ofapproximately 70 degrees.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201423
Affect of Wind Speed on Building PressureCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC201424
E779 Test Results Presented in: Effective Leakage Area at 4 Pa (ELA) EqLA (10Pa) Estimated Infiltration (50 Pa) ACH50 Air Flow in (cfm)at Reporting Pressure 75 Pa, 50 Pa, 25 Pa, 10 Pa, 4PaCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201425
Summary of E779 test: Use blower doors to pressurize (ordepressurize) building to a specified rangeof pressures. Multiple test points allow the constructionof a Building leakage /Building pressurecurve that can indicate potential expectedair leakage rate at any given pressuredifference.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201426
ASTM E1827 Standard Test Methodfor Determining Air Tightness of aBuilding Using an Orifice Blower Door Two techniques to measure air leakage ratesthrough a single zone. Single point test or two point test can bepreformed under this test method. Test can be pressurization or depressurization orcombination. Both use a blower door to pressurize or depressurize the enclosure.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201427
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ASTM E1827 Features Provides a table of recommended testenvelope conditions for various equipmentthat may affect the leakage rate such asclothes dryers, ventilation units, furnacesetc.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201429
E1827 Restrictions & Limitations Same wind speed and temperature restriction apply. Test do not simulate actual building air leakage. Single point test: Test pressure is 50 Pa and the building flowexponent ƞ is assumed to be 0.65. Two point methods: Test pressures are 12.5 Pa and 50 Pa.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201430
ASTM E1186 Standard Practice forAir Leakage Site Detection in BuildingEnvelopes & Air Barrier Systems Include: Infrared Thermography Sound Detection Visible Chemical Smoke Tracer Gas Testing Air Pressure Differences Measured with AnemometersCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201431
Observational Teststo Find Leakage Sites in anEnclosure Test Area These procedures are designed to locate air leakagesites within a building enclosure. Infrared, VisibleChemical Smoke & Pressure Difference require asignificant pressure difference be generated acrossthe test assembly utilizing the building HVACsystem, blower doors, or other air moving devices.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201432
Locating all Leakage Areas All tests locate surface areas where leakge isoccurring, in some cases the air leak inlet & outletare not aligned.Testing of bothinside & theoutside surfacesof the testenclosure maybe required.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201433
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Infrared & Visible Smoke Infrared & Visible Smoke are most common(easiest). Infrared is very effective at findingsuspected & unsuspected leakage areas. However, infrared requires a minimumtemperature difference between leakage air& enclosure surface temperatures of 10degrees (20 degrees works much better).Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201437
Visible Chemical Smoke Smoke is not particularly good for finding verysmall leaks or leaks over a very large area. Need to be close to the leak to observe. However; isa very visual process & it is easy for a contractor tounderstand & see the location. Tracer gas (in sniffing mode, sound detection, &pressure difference induced air flow are not goodfor large area detection but works well for smallareas such as the interface between doors and walls.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201438
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Note: Air Leakage Does NotIndicate Water LeakageCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201442
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Sound, Air Pressure, & Tracer Gas Tracer gas (in sniffing mode, sounddetection, & pressure difference induced airflow are not good for large area detectionbut work well for small areas such as theinterface between doors & walls.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201444
ASTM E783 Test Method for FieldMeasurement of Air Leakage ThroughInstalled Exterior Windows & Doors Relies on blower doors or other devices to generate asignificant pressure difference across the test specimen, up to300 Pa is typical for field testing. Can measure rate of leakage at window components (frameto sash or frame to glass) Alternatively can be used to test whole window assembly &the connection to the wall to verify leakage but not the rate. This test method relies heavily on a extremely air tight sealbetween the (necessary) test chamber & the window frame(or wall surface).Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201445
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Air Barrier of Association ofAmerica Standard Test Method for BuildingEnclosure Air Tightness Compliance Testing Expands testing conditions beyond ASTM limits Requires computer controlled data logging andpressure monitoring equipment. Allows ASTM E779 or E1827 test procedures Provides default conditions for buildingpreparation air barrier and operational testing. Provides guidance on Pass FailCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201447
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Common Field PreformedWater Intrusion tests ASTM E1105 AAMA 501.2, AAMA 501.1,(Basically the E1105 test) ASTM D5957Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201449
ASTM E1105 Test Method for FieldDetermination of Water Penetration ofInstalled Exterior Windows, Skylights,Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform orCyclic Static Air Pressure Difference. Used to test resistance to water penetrationthrough curtain walls in total or in parts,windows, doors, skylights, & roofs.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201450
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ExpandableSpray Rack& FlowControllerCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201452
ASTM E1105 Water Penetration Test pressures vary from 50 to 300 Padepending on the test specimen & testrequirements. Water flow rate can varytypically about 5 GPH/FT2Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201453
ASTM E 1105 Water Penetration The test requires an air pressure difference begenerated over the areas of the test specimen &applying water to the high pressure side of the testspecimen & observing the low pressure side for theappearance of water. Can be very selective in test areas or very broad . Test can use static (non varying pressure differences)of dynamic pressure difference (sometimes thought tobetter represent actual wind conditions).Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201454
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Debris from hole drilling leftin gasket of window caused awater leak.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201459
DoorAssemblyTestingCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201460
DoorAssemblyTestingCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201461
Finding Window LeaksIR Thermography, Courtesy Monroe IRCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014, all rights reserved62
Test Results ASTM E1105 Water visually shall not penetrate past thewindow/door frame or membrane.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201463
AAMA 501.1 Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Windows, CurtainWalls, and Doors Using Dynamic Pressure &AAMA 501.2 Quality Assurance andDiagnostic Water Leakage Field Check ofInstalled Storefronts, Curtain Walls, andSloped Glazing Systems. AAMA test similar to ASTM 1105 (which isreferenced in the AAMA material althoughdynamic testing is the preferred method).Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201464
AAMA 501, 502 and 503 test Flow rates and pressures will vary based onthe type and class of window. Did have or may still have de-rating ofleakage rates from factory test to field test.(need to check with most recent publishedtest documents.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201465
ASTM D5957 Guide for FloodTesting Horizontal WaterproofingInstallations. Usually preformed on flat (low pitched roofs). Flood roof with water 2 to 4 inches deep (noterecommend seeking advise need from structuralengineer to add water beyond 4 inches in depth.) Minimum wait time is 24 hours. May not identify exact location of leak.Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201467
Flood Testing?Companion Tests or Alternates Depending upon roofing type and installation,Electronic Weak Detection (ELD) or NuclearRadioisotopic Thermalization may also be consideredto supplement or replace this evaluation. ELD or Nuclear may be required to locate actual leakarea. ASTM E1105 is also a good option if air pressuredifferences can be generated across the test specimenCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201468
Courtesy of Detec Systems, LLC)Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201469
Common field tests forthermal performance(of insulation) Thermal performance of field constructed assemblies ASTM C1153 ASTM C1060Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201470
ASTM C1160 Standard Practice forThermographic Inspection of InsulationInstallations in Envelope Cavities ofFrame BuildingsCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201471
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ASTM C1153 Practice for Location ofWet Insulation in Roofing SystemsUsing Infrared ImagingCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201474
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Common Field Tests to DetermineMoisture Content Include: ASTM F1869 (Calcium Chloride) ASTM F2170 (In situ Probe) ASTM F2420 (Insulated Hood) ASTM D4263 (Under Plastic Sheet) All having to do with the moisture content ofconcrete especially ground contact or other slabssubjected to diminished or absent drying pathways .Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201476
ASTM F1869 Test Method forMeasuring Moisture VaporEmission Rate of Concrete SubfloorUsing Anhydrous Calcium ChlorideCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201477
ASTM F2170 Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity inConcrete Floor SlabsUsingin situProbesCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201478
Concrete Moisture TestingCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014, all rights reserved79
Concrete Moisture MeterCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014, all rights reserved80
Concrete Moisture Test ResultsEmissionRateLbs .16Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014, all rights reserved81
Is There a Vapor Barrier orCapillary Break Present?Copyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 2014, all rights reserved82
ASTM F2420Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity on theSurface of Concrete Floor Slabs UsingRelative Humidity Probe Measurement& Insulated HoodCopyright Turner Building Science & Design, LLC 201483
EvaluationsPlease let us know if you receiveduseful information from this workshopby filling out the evaluation form,and let us know what you would likemore information on in any futureopportunities like thisThank you for yourparticipation! TBS, LLC, DJ & Co, 201484
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The test requires an air pressure difference be generated over the areas of the test specimen & applying water to the high pressure side of the test specimen & observing the low pressure side for the appearance of water. Can be very selective in test areas or very broad . Test can use static (non varying pressure differences)
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S65 & S85 User Manual o Turner Shark OBD flash tool and USB cable o Turner USB memory stick, containing: o Turner Shark updated Base file o Turner Shark Tune file o Turner Shark Windows program setup file o Turner Shark User Manual PDF o Turner Shark Setup Guide PDF o Turner Shark software installed on your laptop (refer to sepa
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-Turner Flash user manual PDF-Turner Flash setup guide PDF Turner Flash software installed on your laptop (refer to separate setup guide) Battery charger for the flash install Pre-Install Notes: The Turner Flash will only install over stock BMW software. If your ECU was previously tuned by someone else please stop here and contact us.
