4 Engineering Information Solenoid Valves - Marshall W Nelson And .

Engineering Information4Solenoid ValvesEnclosure Classifications and TypesASCO offers two types of enclosures, each for avariety of applications: a one-piece moldedepoxy construction called the RedHat II solenoidand a conventional RedHat metallic construction.Both meet ICS-6 ANSI/NEMA, and UL Standards429, 508, and/or 1002. These standards defineenclosure protection levels and the tests passedto earn each Type designation. (See Page 469 forRedHat Next Generation Solenoid Enclosures).Type 1General PurposeIntended for indoor use, primarilyto provide protection for enclosedparts in locations without unusualservice conditions.Type 2DripproofIntended for indoor use, primarilyto provide protection against limitedamounts of falling water or dirt.Type 3Raintight, Dusttight,and Sleet (Ice)ResistantIntended for outdoor use, primarilyto provide protection against windblown dust, rain, and sleet;undamaged by the formation of iceon the enclosure.Type 3SRaintight, Dusttight,and Sleet (Ice)ResistantIntended for outdoor use, primarilyto provide protection against windblown dust, rain, and sleet; externalmechanism remains operable whenice laden.Type 3RRainproof, Sleet (Ice)ResistantIntended for outdoor use, primarilyto provide protection against fallingrain and sleet; undamaged by theformation of ice on the enclosure.Type 4Watertight andDusttightIntended for indoor or outdooruse to provide protection againstsplashing water, water seepage,falling or hose-directed water, andsevere external condensation;undamaged by the formation of iceon the enclosure.Type 4XWatertight, Dusttight,and CorrosionResistantSame as Type 4, but provides additional protection to resist corrosion.SubmersibleIntended for indoor or outdoor useto provide protection against entryof water during submersion at alimited depth. (Tested to 6’ for 30minutes.)SubmersibleSame as Type 6 Enclosure, butprovides prolonged submersionprotection at a limited depth.(Tested to 6’ for 24 hours.)RedHat IIRedHat II solenoid enclosures are of one-piecemolded epoxy construction, with an integral 1/2"NPT conduit hub. This epoxy encapsulation servesas the enclosure. The magnetic frame is moldedinto the coil.RedHat II solenoids are offered as Type 1 GeneralPurpose or Type 7 (A, B, C, and D) Explosionproof.Type 1 – Solenoids are green and come equippedwith three 18" long leads (the green lead is aground wire). Also available as options are 1/4"spade connectors, screw terminals, and DIN-typeterminals meeting ISO 4400 and DIN Standard 43650.An optional junction box/terminal coil constructionis also available for use with spade and screwterminal constructions. Refer to the “OptionalFeatures” Section for details.Type 7 – Solenoids are black and are availableonly in the leaded construction.All RedHat II solenoids also meet the requirementsfor Types 2 Dripproof, 3 and 3S Raintight, and 4and 4X Watertight-Corrosion Resistant.The Following wattages carry Type 7 and Type 9approvals as shown; forWattageType 7Class I, Div. 1 & 2Gas GroupsType 9Class II, Div. 1Dust Groups6.1, 10.1, 17.1A, B, C, DE, F, G16.1, 20.1A, B, C, DE, F10.6, 11,6A, B, C, DE, F, GType 6Type 6PType 7 &Refer to charts on next page.Type 9467ENGINEERINGSolenoid Enclosures

Engineering InformationSolenoid ValvesENGINEERING4684

RedHat Metallic EnclosuresConventional metallic enclosures are offered tomeet Type I General Purpose enclosure applicationsand Type 7 (C and D) Explosionproof enclosureapplications.Type 1 — General Purpose metallic enclosures areepoxy-painted, zinc-coated steel with a 7/8" diameterhole to accept standard conduit hubs or connectors.Type 7 (C and D) — Explosionproof metallic enclosures are epoxy-painted, zinc-plated steel or die-castaluminum with a 1/2" threaded conduit hub.Type 7 enclosures also meet Type 3 (Raintight) requirements as well as some also meet Type 7 (C and D)Explosionproof and Type 9 (E, F, and G) DustIgnitionproof requirements for Class I, Division 1,Groups C and D; Class I, Division 2, Groups C and D;and Class II, Division 1, Groups E, F, and G. Pleasecontact your local ASCO sales office for details.Also available as options are: Type 3R (Rainproof),Type 4 and 4X (Watertight), Type 6 (Submersible),Type 7B (Explosionproof for Hydrogen Atmospheres,Class I, Division 1, Group B), as well as Splice Boxenclosures. Please contact your local ASCO salesoffice for details on these options.Note: Metallic solenoid enclosures provide part ofthe magnetic circuit for the solenoid. Removal willaffect valve operation.Hazardous Location Solenoid TemperatureRange CodesHazardous location solenoids are marked to indicatethe maximum exposed surface temperature ortemperature indicating code. This temperature isbased on the maximum obtained in the temperatureor burnout (blocked core) tests, whichever is higher,at a minimum ambient of 104 F (40 C) or at therated maximum ambient temperature.To prevent ignition of hazardous atmospheres, donot install in areas where vapors or gases havingignition temperatures lower than the markedtemperatures are present.The operating temperatures for each indicatingcode are shown in the following chart:Solenoid ValvesOperating Temp. Range Indicating Code No.Maximum TemperatureDegrees in C45030028026023021520018016516013512010085Degrees in F842572536500446419392356329320275248212185Code NumberT1T2T2AT2BT2CT2DT3T3AT3BT3CT4T4AT5T6Note: Except where otherwise noted in specific Series, all RedHatmetallic enclosure solenoids have temperature range Code T3C.Most RedHat II solenoids and/or solenoid valvesare marked:“To prevent fire or explosion, do not install whereignition temperature of hazardous atmosphere is lessthan 329 F (165 C). Open circuit before disassembly.”This corresponds to code number T3B.Valves with Class H solenoids and valves used onsteam service are marked:“To prevent fire or explosion, do not install whereignition temperature of hazardous atmosphere is lessthan 356 F (180 C). Open circuit before disassembly.”This corresponds to code number T3A.The Class II, Group F, Dust Location designation isnot applicable for solenoids and/or solenoidvalves used for steam service, or when a Class Hsolenoid is used.RedHat II Explosionproof solenoids include aninternal, non-resettable thermal fuse to limit solenoid temperature in the event that extraordinaryconditions occur which could cause excessivetemperatures. These conditions include highinput voltage, a jammed valve, excessive ambient temperature, shorted coil, etc. This uniquefeature is standard only in RedHat II solenoids.When used on valves having fluid temperatureratings exceeding 250 F (121 C), consult ASCOfor applicable enclosure class, groups andtemperature range codes. For temperaturerange codes of optional solenoids and features,or if a better temperature range code is desired,consult your local ASCO sales office.469ENGINEERING4Engineering Information

Engineering Information4Solenoid ValvesOperating PressuresMaximum Ambient TemperatureMaximum Operating Pressure Differential(M.O.P.D.)The nominal maximum ambient temperatures listedare based primarily on test conditions used byUnderwriters Laboratories, Inc. for setting safe limitsfor coil insulation. They are determined under continuously energized conditions and with maximumfluid temperatures in the valves. Actual conditions,in many applications, will permit use at considerablyhigher ambient temperatures. In addition, modifications to standard constructions are available toextend maximum ambient temperature limitations.Consult your local ASCO sales office with yourspecific needs.The maximum operating pressure differential refersto the maximum difference in pressure between theinlet and outlet, against which the solenoid cansafely operate the valve. If the pressure at the valveoutlet is not known, it is safest to regard supplypressure as the M.O.P.D.Minimum Operating Pressure DifferentialThe minimum operating pressure differential isthat which is required to open the valve and keepit open. For 2-way valves with a floating piston ordiaphragm, the valve will start to close below theminimum operating differential pressure. For 3and 4-way pilot valves, the minimum operatingpressure is measured between the pressure andexhaust ports, and must be maintained throughout the operating cycle to ensure completetransfer from one position to the other.Note: Direct acting, hung diaphragm or hung piston valves do notrequire a minimum pressure, but may not yield maximum flow on lowpressure differentials.Safe Working PressureSafe working pressure is the line or system pressureto which the valve may be subjected without beingdamaged. Contact the factory or your local ASCOsales office if you require this value.Proof PressureResponse Times*Response time from fully closed to fully open orvice versa depends on the valve size and operating mode, electrical service, fluids, temperature,inlet pressure, and pressure drop. The responsetime for AC valves on air service, under averageconditions, can be generalized as follows:lllSmall direct acting valves: 5 to 10 milliseconds.Large direct acting valves: 20 to 40 milliseconds.Internal pilot operated valves:1. Small diaphragm types: 15 to 50 milliseconds.2. Large diaphragm types: 50 to 75 milliseconds.3. Small piston types: 75 to 100 milliseconds.4. Large piston types: 100 to 150 millisecondsProof pressure is five times the safe working pressure. Contact the factory or your local ASCO salesoffice if you require this value.Generally speaking, operation on liquids has relatively little effect on small direct acting valves;however, response time of large direct acting andinternally piloted valves will slow by 50% to 100%.Ambient Temperatures*Response time of DC valves will be 50% slowerthan equivalent AC valves. For specific responsetime on any critical-timing applications, responsetime can be reduced to meet specific requirements.Minimum Ambient TemperatureThe nominal limitation of 32 F (0 C) is advisable forany valve that might contain moisture (water vapor).Where freezing water is not a factor, minimumambience as low as 0 F (-18 C) can be tolerated. Inaddition, special constructions are available forambient temperatures down to -40 F (-40 C).ENGINEERINGConsult your local sales office with your specific needs.470*See Page 469 for RedHat Next GenerationSolenoid Valves).

Engineering Information4Air Operated ValvesAir Operated ValvesPrinciples of OperationAn air operated valve has two basic functional units:llAn operator with a diaphragm or piston assemblywhich, when pressurized, develops a force to operateA valve containing an orifice in which a disc or plug ispositioned via air pressure to stop or allow flowOperatorsTwo operators are offered in this catalog, eachhaving a pressure range to suit various industrialrequirements: instrument air range 3 to 30 psi(0.2 to 2.1 bar) and pneumatic range 30 to 125psi (2.1 to 8.6 bar).The instrument air pressure range operator utilizesa diaphragm (see Figure 8A) for operation, whilethe pneumatic range operator has a piston (seeFigure 8B). By applying pressure to and exhausting pressure from the operator, the main valve willopen or close.Direct Acting Valves (Figures 9A, 9B)In a direct acting valve, the operator stem ismoved by the diaphragm or piston and directlyopens or closes the orifice, depending on whetherthe operator is pressurized or exhausted. Thevalve will operate from zero psi to its maximumrated pressure.Internal Pilot Operated Valves (Figure 10A, 10B)Figure 8A: Instrument AirPressure Range OperatorSTEMSEALFigure 7Figure 8B: Pneumatic RangeOperatorWhen a particular valve is selected, any pressurewithin its pressure range will operate the valve,regardless of variations in the main line pressure.Exh.InletOutletFigure 9A: Normally Closed,Direct Acting, Air OperatedValve with OperatorExhaustedThis valve is equipped with a pilot and bleed orifice and uses the line pressure for operation.When the operator is pressurized, it opens thepilot orifice and releases pressure from the top ofthe valve piston or diaphragm to the outlet side ofthe valve. This results in unbalanced pressure,which causes the line pressure to lift the piston ordiaphragm off the main orifice, thereby openingthe valve. When the operator is exhausted, thepilot orifice is closed and full line pressure isapplied to the top of the valve piston ordiaphragm through the bleed orifice, providing aseating force for tight closure.Two types of construction are available:lFloating diaphragm or piston, which requires a minimum pressure drop to hold it in the open position.lHung type diaphragm or piston, which ismechanically held open and operates fromzero to the maximum pressure rating.Press.InletOutletFigure 9B: Normally Closed,Direct Acting, Air OperatedValve with OperatorPressurizedPress.Exh.InletOutletFigure 10A: NormallyClosed, Internal,Pilot Operated Valve withOperator ExhaustedInletOutletFigure 10B: NormallyClosed, Internal,Pilot Operated Valve withOperator Pressurized471ENGINEERINGControl air for the operatoris completely isolated fromthe main line fluid by aunique seal arrangement(see Figure 7). This permitsa wide range of main linefluids to be handled.

Engineering Information4Air Operated ValvesTypes of Air Operated Valves2-Way Valves:Normally closed and normally open operation.Figures 9A, 9B, 10A, 10B, 11A, 11B.3-Way Valves:Exh.Normally closed, normally open and universaloperation. Figures 12A-D, 13A-D.Cyl.Exh.Press.Cyl.Press.Figure 13A: Normally Closed, Figure 13B: Normally Closed,Operator PressurizedOperator Exhausted4-Way Valves:Figures 14A-DExh.Exh.InletOutletFigure 11A: Normally Open,Operator ExhaustedFlow1(Cyl.)2(Press.)InletFigure 11B: Normally Open,Operator PressurizedFlow1(Cyl.)3(Exh.)Figure 12A: Normally Open,Operator ExhaustedFlow1(Cyl.)2(Exh.)3(Press.)Figure 12C: NormallyClosed, Operator Exhausted3(Exh.)Cyl.Press.Figure 13C: Normally Open,Operator ExhaustedExh.Cyl. AExh.Cyl. BFigure 12B: Normally Open,Operator PressurizedFlow1(Cyl.)Press.Figure 13D: Normally Open,Operator PressurizedCyl. A2(Press.)Press.Cyl. BPress.Figure 14A: OperatorExhaustedFigure 14B: OperatorPressurizedPress. Exh.Cyl. B Cyl. APress. Exh.Cyl. B Cyl. AFigure 14C: OperatorExhaustedFigure 14D: OperatorPressurized2(Exh.)3(Press.)Figure 12D: NormallyClosed, OperatorPressurizedOperating PressuresMinimum Operating Pressure DifferentialENGINEERINGThe minimum operating pressure differential isthat which is required to open the valve and tokeep it open. Two way valves with floating pistonor diaphragm will start to close below the minimum differential pressure. Three and four waypilot valves must maintain the minimum operatingpressure throughout the operating cycle to ensurecomplete transfer from one position to the other.472Cyl.OutletMaximum Operating PressureMaximum operating pressure is the highest pressure at the inlet side of the valve, against which theoperator can operate the valve. This pressure maybe much less than the maximum safety rating ofthe valve body.Note: Direct acting valves do not require a minimum pressure.

4Engineering InformationApprovalsApprovalsApproval Listing Code and InformationAgency Valve Classifications and Code ReferenceGeneral Purpose Valve – a Normally Open or NormallyClosed valve intended to control the fluid flow, but notto be depended upon to act as a safety valve. This is aUL and CSA classification, and is not intended toindicate valve service or application.Safety Shutoff Valve – a Normally Closed valve of the“on” and “off” type, intended to be actuated by asafety control or emergency device, to prevent unsafefluid delivery. It may also be used as a General Purposevalve. A multiple port valve may be designated as aSafety Shutoff valve only with respect to its NormallyClosed port. This is a UL, FM, and CSA valve classification. Safety shutoff valves are listed in UL indexunder Guide YIOZ or YIOZ2 for ordinary locationsand YTSX or YTSX2 for hazardous locations.Process Control Valve – an FM approved valve to control flammable gases, not to be relied upon as a SafetyShutoff valve. Refer to note under individual valve listing. Unless otherwise stated under the individualSeries numbers, valves are listed as General Purposevalves.Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.UL standards governing solenoid valves are:UL429, “Electrically Operated Valves,”UL1002, “Electrically Operated Valvesfor Use in Hazardous Locations.”UL1604, “Electrical Equipment for use in ClassI and II, Division 2 and Class III HazardousClassified Locations.”UL provides two “Listing” categories for solenoid valves:classification. UL Listings for ASCO “General Use”valves and solenoids can be found in the “UL Gas andOil Equipment Directory” under Electrically OperatedValves, Guide No. YIOZ or YI0Z2 (File MP-618), andin the “UL Hazardous Location Equipment List”under Electric Valves, Guide No. YTSX or YTSX2(File E25549) or under Solenoids, Guide No. VAPT(File E12264).Component. Valves in this category areintended for use as factory-installedcomponents of equipment where finalacceptability must be determined byUL. They are not intended for installation in the field.&Component valves are termed “UL Recognized” anduse UL’s special Recognized Component mark. ULListings of ASCO Component Valves can be found inthe “UL Recognized Component Index” underElectrically Operated Valves, Guide No. YIOZ2 andYSY12 (File MP-618).Canadian Standards AssociationStandard C22.2 No. 139, “ElectricallyOperated Valves,” covers the standardsgoverning solenoid valves.Standard C22.2 No. 213, “Electrical equipmentfor use in Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations.”CSA certified valves and solenoids are listed in the“CSA Certified Electrical Equipment Book” underValves, Guide No. 440-A-0 (File 10381) and GuideNo. 440-A-0.8 (File 13976).Factory Mutual ResearchCorporationFM “approves” and lists in the“Factory Mutual Approval Guide”fuel oil and fuel gas safety shutoffvalves, process control valves, explosionproof/dust-ignitionproof, and intrinsically safe valves forhazardous locations. Valves designated for otherfluids and operational characteristics, although notsubject to FM approval, are usually “accepted” byFM on specific equipment installations.General Use. Valves authorized for general use arecomplete in their requirements; therefore, they may beinstalled in the field. They are identified by the ULsymbol, followed by the word “Listed” and the valve473ENGINEERINGUL, FM, CSA listings and compliance to applicable CEdirectives have been indicated for each Series in thiscatalog. Listing codes and other information follow inthis section.In addition to approvals with the standard features andfor the standard voltages listed in each Series, manyvalves with optional features and other voltages havealso been approved. Consult your local ASCO salesoffice for details.

Engineering Information4ApprovalsIndustrial Risk Insurers (Formerly FIA)European Directives – CEIndustrial Risk Insurers does not approve equipment. Itestablished “recommended good practices” in suchareas as combustion safeguards on single-burner boiler-furnaces, and safeguarding Class B and Class C furnaces and ovens. Conforming to these practicesresults in either insurability for fire protection or inmore advantageous rates for their protection.The Council of the EuropeanCommunities, under the treatyestablishing the EuropeanCommunity (EC), adopted into law a series ofdirectives to harmonize technical standards.To meet the standards of good practice, safetycontrols must be either listed by UnderwritersLaboratories, accepted by Industrial Risk Insurersor othe

large orifices while keeping solenoid size small, a Pilot Operated construction is used. Internal Pilot Operated Valves (Figures 2A, 2B) Normally, these valves have a pilot and bleed orifice which enable them to use line pressure for operation. When the solenoid is de-energized, the pilot orifice is closed and full line pressure is applied to .