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BYLAWSAMENDED2/21/08, 5/24/2012, 9/23/2014, 1/22/2015, 4/23/2015, 6/15/2017, 9/27/2018,3/21/2019, 2/20/20, 11/19/20, 3/18/21, 2/17/22

TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEArticle I: Name . .1Article II: Objectives.1Article III: Jurisdiction.1Article IV: Membership .2Article V: Qualification and Election .6Article VI: Privileges and Obligations .12Article VII: Professional Standards and Arbitration.15Article VIII: Use of the Terms REALTOR and REALTORS .16Article IX: State and National Memberships .17Article X: Dues, Fees and Finances .18Article XI: Officers and Directors .21Article XII: Meetings .24Article XIII: Committees .26Article XIV: Fiscal and Elective Year .27Article XV: Rules of Order .27Article XVI: Amendments .27Article XVII: Dissolution .27Article XVIII: Indemnification .28

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF THEGREATER HARTFORD ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , INC.ARTICLE I - NameSection 1. Name. The name of this organization shall be the GREATER HARTFORDASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , INC., hereafter referred to as the "Association."Section 2. REALTORS . Inclusion and retention of the Registered CollectiveMembership Mark REALTORS in the name of the Association shall be governed by theConstitution and Bylaws of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS as from time totime amended.ARTICLE II – ObjectivesThe objectives of the Association are:Section 1. To unite those engaged in the recognized branches of the real estate professionfor the purpose of exerting a beneficial influence upon the profession and related interests.Section 2. To promote and maintain high standards of conduct in the real estateprofession as expressed in the Code of Ethics of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OFREALTORS .Section 3. To provide a unified medium for real estate owners and those engaged in thereal estate profession whereby their interests may be safeguarded and advanced.Section 4. To further the interests of home and other real property ownership.Section 5. To unite those engaged in the real estate profession in this community withthe CONNECTICUT REALTORS , INC. and the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OFREALTORS (sometimes hereinafter called the "State and National Association"), therebyfurthering their own objectives throughout the state and nation and obtaining the benefits andprivileges of membership therein.Section 6. To designate, for the benefit of the public, individuals authorized to use theterms "REALTOR " and "REALTORS ” as licensed, prescribed and controlled by theNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS .ARTICLE III - JurisdictionSection 1. The territorial jurisdiction of the Association as a Member of the NATIONALASSOCIATION OF REALTORS is NORTHERLY: By CONNECTICUT-1-

MASSACHUSETTS state line and the GLASTONBURY-MANCHESTER, town line:EASTERLY: By the UNION-WOODSTOCK town line, the WILLINGTON-ASHFORD townline, the SOUTH WINDSOR-VERNON town line, the EAST HARTFORD-MANCHESTERtown line, GLASTONBURY-BOLTON-HEBRON town lines, and the GLASTONBURYMARLBOROUGH town line: SOUTHERLY: By the UNION-EASTFORD-ASHFORD townlines, the WILLINGTON-MANSFIELD town line, the TOLLAND-COVENTRY town line, theVERNON-MANCHESTER-BOLTON town lines, SOUTH WINDSOR-MANCHESTER townline, the GLASTONBURY-MARLBOROUGH-PORTLAND town lines, the ROCKY HILLCROMWELL town line, the WEST HARTFORD-NEWINGTON town line, theFARMINGTON-NEW BRITAIN-PLAINVILLE town lines, the CANTON-BURLINGTONtown line and the HARTLAND-BARKHAMSTED town line; WESTERLY: By theHARTLAND-COLEBROOK town line, the GRANBY-CANTON-BARKHAMSTED townlines, the CANTON-NEW HARTFORD town line, the AVON-FARMINGTON-BURLINGTONtown lines, the FARMINGTON-BRISTOL town line, the WETHERSFIELD-ROCKY HILLNEWINGTON town lines, and the ROCKY HILL-BERLIN town line, containing the towns of:HARTLAND, GRANBY, CANTON, SIMSBURY, AVON, FARMINGTON, WESTHARTFORD, HARTFORD, WETHERSFIELD, ROCKY HILL, GLASTONBURY EAST,HARTFORD, BLOOMFIELD, WINDSOR, EAST GRANBY, ENFIELD, SUFFIELD,WINDSOR LOCKS, SOUTH WINDSOR, EAST WINDSOR, SOMERS, STAFFORD,ELLINGTON, VERNON, TOLLAND, WILLINGTON, and UNION. Litchfield County exceptthe towns of Plymouth (Terryville), New Milford, Kent, Washington, Roxbury, Bridgewater, andWarren as officially approved by the Board of Directors of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OFREALTORS .Section 2. Territorial jurisdiction is defined to mean:(a)The right and duty to control the use of the terms "REALTOR ", and"REALTORS ", subject to the conditions set forth in these Bylaws and those of theNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , in return for which the Association agrees toprotect and safeguard the property rights of the National Association in the terms.ARTICLE IV - MembershipSection 1. There shall be nine classes of Members (collectively referred to as“Members”, unless further defined by class), which may contain subclasses and subordinatesubclasses, as follows:(a)REALTOR Members. A REALTOR Member shall be any Member who has aplace or places of business within the state or a state contiguous thereto and who, as a principal,partner, corporate officer, or branch office manager of a real estate firm, partnership, or corporation,is actively engaged in the real estate profession as defined in Article III, Section 1, of theConstitution of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS . An individual shall bedeemed to be licensed with a REALTOR if the license of the individual is held by theREALTOR , or by any broker who is licensed with the REALTOR , or by any entity in which the-2-

REALTOR has a direct or indirect ownership interest and which is engaged in other aspects of thereal estate business provided that such licensee is not otherwise included in the computation of duespayable, as provided in Article X, by the principal, partner, corporate officer or branch officemanager of the entity. REALTOR Members shall be divided into two major subclasses each ofwhich shall be divided into further identical subordinate subclasses as provided below:(i)Primary and Secondary REALTOR Members. The two major subclassesof REALTOR Members shall be Primary REALTOR Members and Secondary REALTOR Members. A Member is a Primary Member if the Member otherwise falls within one of thesubordinate subclasses of REALTOR Members described below and if the Association paysstate and National dues based on such Member. An individual is a Secondary Member if theMember otherwise falls within one of the subordinate subclasses of REALTOR Membersdescribed below and if state and National dues are remitted through another board or association.One of the principals in a real estate firm must be a Designated REALTOR Member of theAssociation in order for licensees affiliated with the firm to elect to be Primary REALTOR Members of the Association. (ii)The main subclasses of Primary REALTOR Members and SecondaryREALTOR Members shall each be divided into separate but identically subordinate subclassesestablished by the following provisions:(A) Principal REALTOR Membership. Principal REALTOR Members shall be held to be Members who are sole proprietors, partners, corporate officers,branch office managers, or who occupy similar ownership or management positions (a“Principal”), who meet the licensure and other requirements of Section 1(a) of this Article andwho are engaged actively in the real estate profession including buying, selling, exchanging,renting or leasing, managing, appraising for others for compensation, counseling, building,developing or subdividing real estate, and who maintain or are associated with an establishedoffice in the state of Connecticut or a state contiguous thereto. Other than as provided forCommercial Principal REALTOR Members, if any Principal or a real estate enterprise appliesfor membership in the Association, all Principals, who are actively engaged in a businesstogether in the same business enterprise within the state of Connecticut or a state contiguousthereto must apply for membership in the Association and must satisfy the qualifications forPrincipal REALTOR membership and each is required to hold Principal REALTOR membership or its equivalent in an association of REALTORS within the state of Connecticutor a state contiguous thereto, unless otherwise qualified for Institute Affiliate membership asdescribed in Section 1(b) of Article IV.(B) Non-Principal REALTOR Membership. Individuals who areengaged in a real estate profession other than as a Principal, but are associated with a Member ofany other subordinate subclass of either subclass of REALTOR Membership and meet thequalifications set out in Article V, Section 2(b).-3-

(C) Franchise REALTOR Membership. Corporate officers (whomay be licensed or unlicensed) of a real estate brokerage franchise organization with at least onehundred fifty (150) franchisees located within the United States, its insular possessions and thecommonwealth of Puerto Rico, elected to membership pursuant to the provisions in theConstitution and Bylaws of the National Association of REALTORS . Such individuals shallenjoy all of the rights, privileges and obligations of REALTOR membership (includingcompliance with the Code of Ethics) except: obligations related to Association mandatededucation, meeting attendance, or indoctrination classes or other similar requirements; the rightto use the term REALTOR in connection with their franchise organization’s name; and the rightto hold elective office in the local Association, state Association and National Association.(D) Designated REALTOR Membership. Each partnership,corporation or other type of firm engaged in the business of real estate (other than the businessactivity of which is substantially confined to commercial real estate brokerage) which employsmultiple REALTOR Members (or each office in the case of firms with multiple officelocations) shall designate in writing one Principal REALTOR Member, the DesignatedREALTOR Member, who shall be responsible for all duties and obligations of DesignatedREALTOR membership including the obligation to arbitrate pursuant to Article 17 of the Codeof Ethics and the payment of Association dues as established in Article X of the Bylaws. The"Designated REALTOR " must be a Principal and must meet all other qualifications forPrincipal REALTOR membership established in Article V, Section 2 of these Bylaws.(E) Nationally Recognized REALTOR Membership. An individualREALTOR Member of any other subordinate subclass of either subclass who is recognized bythe NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS as a REALTOR Emeriti, a past presidentof the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , or a recipient of the DistinguishedService Award presented by the National Association of REALTORS shall be a NationallyRecognized REALTOR entitled to all of the rights and obligations of REALTOR Membershipexcept as may be varied by Article IX, Section 8. (F) Commercial Principal REALTOR Membership. In the case of areal estate partnership, or corporation, or other type of firm whose business activity issubstantially confined to commercial real estate brokerage, Principals who would otherwisequalify as Principal REALTOR Members shall qualify for Commercial Principal membership.However, with respect to such commercial business, only those Principals actively engaged inthe real estate business in connection with the same office, or any other offices within thejurisdiction of the Association as Commercial Principal REALTORS , shall be required to holdREALTOR membership in the Association, unless otherwise qualified for Institute Affiliatemembership as described in Section 1(b) of Article IV.(G) Commercial Designated REALTOR Membership. Eachpartnership corporation or other type of firm engaged in the business of real estate, the businessactivity of which is substantially confined to commercial real estate brokerage, and which-4-

employs multiple REALTOR Members (or each office in the case of firms with multiple officelocations within the jurisdiction of the Association) shall designate in writing one CommercialPrincipal REALTOR Member, the Commercial Designated REALTOR Member, who shallbe responsible for all duties and obligations of Commercial Principal REALTOR membershipincluding the obligation to arbitrate pursuant to Article 17 of the Code of Ethics and the paymentof Association dues as established in Article X of the Bylaws. The Commercial DesignatedREALTOR must be a Principal and must meet all other qualifications for Commercial PrincipalREALTOR membership established in Article V, Section 2 of these Bylaws.(b)Institute Affiliate Members. Institute Affiliate Members shall be individuals whohold a professional designation awarded by an Institute, Society, or Council affiliated with theNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS that addresses a specialty area other thanresidential brokerage or individuals who otherwise hold a class of membership in such Institute,Society, or Council that confers the right to hold office therein. Any such individual, ifotherwise eligible, may elect to hold REALTOR membership, subject to payment of applicabledues for such membership.(c)Affiliate Members. Affiliate Members shall be real estate owners and otherindividuals or firms who, while not engaged in the real estate profession as defined in paragraphs(a) or (b) of this section, have interests requiring information concerning real estate which are insympathy with the objectives of the Association. Affiliate membership shall also be granted toindividuals licensed or certified to engage in real estate practice who, if otherwise eligible, do notelect to hold any other subordinate subclass of either subclass of REALTOR membership in theAssociation, provided the applicant is engaged exclusively in a specialty of the real estatebusiness other than brokerage of real property and Principal REALTOR membership is nototherwise required by Section 1(a) of this Article.(e)Public Service Members. Public Service Members shall be individuals who areinterested in the real estate profession as employees of or affiliated with educational, publicutility, governmental or other similar organizations, but are not engaged in the real estateprofession on their own account or in association with an established real estate business.(f)Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall be individuals not engaged in thereal estate profession who have performed notable service for the real estate profession, for theAssociation, or for the public.(g)Student Members. Unlicensed Student Members shall be individuals who areseeking an undergraduate or graduate degree with a specialization or major in a real estate fieldat institutions of higher learning, and who have completed at least two years of college and atleast one college-level course in a real estate field, but are neither engaged in the real estateprofession on their own account nor associated with an established real estate office.-5-

ARTICLE V - Qualification and ElectionSection 1. Application(a)Application for membership shall be made in such manner and form as may beprescribed by the Board of Directors. The appropriate application form for a particular class ofmembership shall be made available to anyone requesting it. The application form shall containamong the statements to be signed by the applicant: (1) that he/she has or had access to, hascarefully reviewed, and, if elected a Member, will be bound by the Constitution and Bylaws andthe Rules and Regulations of the Association, the Constitution and Bylaws of the StateAssociation, and the Constitution and Bylaws and Code of Ethics of the NATIONALASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , and if a REALTOR Member of either subclass and anysubordinate subclass, will be bound by the Code of Ethics of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF REALTORS , including the obligation to arbitrate controversies arising out of real estatetransactions as specified by Article 17 of the Code of Ethics, and as further specified in the Codeof Ethics and Arbitration Manual of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , asfrom time to time amended; and (2) that the applicant consents that the Association may inviteand receive information and comments about the applicant from any Member or other persons,and that the applicant agrees that any information and comment furnished to the Association byany person in response to the invitation shall be conclusively deemed to be privileged and notform the basis of any action for slander, libel or defamation of character. The applicant shall,with the form of application, have access to a copy of the Bylaws, Constitution, Rules andRegulations and Code of Ethics referred to above.Section 2. Qualifications.(a)An applicant for REALTOR membership of any applicable subclass andsubordinate subclass who is a Principal shall supply evidence satisfactory to the Association that:(i)He/she is actively engaged in a real estate profession.(ii)He/she maintains a current, valid real estate broker’s or salesperson’slicense or is licensed or certified by an appropriate state regulatory agency to engage in theappraisal of real property, unless seeking REALTOR membership pursuant to Article IV,Section 1(b) of these Bylaws.(iii)contiguous thereto.(iv)1He/she has a place of business within the state of Connecticut or a stateHe/she has no record of recent or pending bankruptcy. 1As used in Section 2(a)(iv), “no recent or pending bankruptcy” is intended to mean that theapplicant or any real estate firm in which the applicant is a sole proprietor, general partner,-6-

conduct.2(v)He/she has no record of official sanctions involving unprofessional(vi)He/she shall complete, prior to his/her election to membership, a course ofinstruction covering the Bylaws and Rules and Regulations of the Association, the Bylaws of theState Association, and the Constitution and Bylaws and Code of Ethics of the NATIONALASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , and shall pass such reasonably and non-discriminatorywritten examinations thereon as may be required. The Association will offer such course ofinstruction with such frequency as to permit the processing of the application within a six-monthperiod or within that period necessary to process his/her application, whichever period is shorter.(vii) He/she shall agree that if elected to membership, he/she will be bound bysuch Constitution, Bylaws, Rules and Regulations and Code of Ethics.(b)Individuals who are actively engaged in a real estate profession other than as aPrincipal in order to qualify for REALTOR membership of any applicable subclass andsubordinate subclass shall at the time of application, supply evidence to the Association that:(i)He/she is associated either as an employee or as an independentcontractor with a Designated REALTOR Member or Commercial Designated REALTOR Member of the Association or comparable member of another association within the state ofConnecticut or a contiguous state.corporate officer, or branch office manager, is not involved in any pending bankruptcy orinsolvency proceedings or, has not been adjudged bankrupt in the past three (3) years. If abankruptcy proceeding as described above exists, membership may not be rejected unless theAssociation establishes that its interests and those of its members and the public could not beadequately protected by requiring that the bankrupt applicant pay cash in advance forAssociation fees for up to one (1) year from the date that membership is approved or from thedate that the applicant is discharged from bankruptcy (whichever is later). In the event that anexisting member initiates bankruptcy proceedings, the member may be placed on a “cash basis”from the date that bankruptcy is initiated until one (1) year from the date that the member hasbeen discharged from bankruptcy.2As used in Section 2(a)(v), “no record of official sanctions involving unprofessional conduct”is intended to mean that the Association may only consider: (a) judgments against the applicantwithin the past three (3) years of violations of (1) civil rights laws, (2) real estate license laws,and (3) or other laws prohibiting unprofessional conduct against the applicant rendered by thecourts or other lawful authorities; (b) criminal convictions if (1) the crime was punishable bydeath or imprisonment in excess of one year under the law under which the applicant wasconvicted, and (2) no more than ten years have elapsed since the date of the conviction,whichever is the later date.-7-

(ii)He/she maintains a current, valid real estate broker’s or salesperson’slicense or is licensed or certified by an appropriate state regulatory agency to engage in theappraisal of real property.(iii)He/she has no record of official sanctions involving unprofessionalconduct, as defined in footnote 2 to Section 2(a)(v).(iv)He/she shall complete a course of instruction covering the Bylaws andRules and Regulations of the Association, the Bylaws of the State Association and theConstitution, Bylaws and Code of Ethics of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ,and shall pass such reasonable and non-discriminatory written examinations thereon as may berequired by the Association. The Association will offer such course of instruction with suchfrequency as to permit the processing of the application within a six month period or within thatperiod necessary to process his/her application, whichever period is shorter.(v)He/she shall agree in writing that if elected to membership he/she willbe bound by the Constitution, Bylaws, Rules and Regulations and Code of Ethics.(c)The Association will also consider the following in determining an applicant’squalifications for REALTOR membership in either subclass and any subordinate subclass andmay deny membership when it determines that the facts of a particular case warrant:(i)All final findings of Code of Ethics violations and violations of othermembership duties in this Association or any other association of REALTORS within the pastthree (3) years.(ii)Pending ethics complaints (or hearings) in this Association or any otherassociation of REALTORS .(iii)Unsatisfied discipline pending in this Association or any otherassociation of REALTORS .(iv)Pending arbitration requests (or hearings) in this Association or anyother association of REALTORS .(v)Unpaid arbitration awards or unpaid financial obligations to thisAssociation, any other association of REALTORS or REALTOR association-owned multiplelisting service.(vi)Any misuse of the term REALTOR or REALTORS in the name ofthe applicants firm.(d)“Provisional” membership shall be granted as provided in Section 3(a) of thisArticle in instances where ethics complaints or arbitration requests (or hearings) are pending in-8-

other associations or where the applicant for membership has unsatisfied discipline pending inanother association (except for violations of the Code of Ethics of the NATIONALASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ); provided that all other qualifications for membership havebeen satisfied. This Association may reconsider the membership status of such individuals whenall pending ethics and arbitration matters (and related discipline) have been resolved or if suchmatters are not resolved within six months from the date that provisional membership isapproved. The Board of Directors shall consider the membership status of such individuals asprovided in Section 3(a) of this Article or when all pending ethics and arbitration matters (andrelated discipline) have been resolved, whichever occurs later and provisional membership shallbe extended for more than 180 days in the interim, if necessary.If a Member resigns from this Association or another association of REALTORS with an ethicscomplaint or arbitration request pending, this Association may condition new or renewedmembership on the applicant’s certification that he/she will submit to the pending ethics orarbitration proceeding (in accordance with the established procedures of the respectiveAssociation) and will be bound by the decision of the hearing panel. The maximum fine forviolations of the Code of Ethics and violations of other membership duties is 15,000.(e)The qualifications necessary for all classes of Members other than REALTOR Member shall be as determined from time to time by the Board of Directors and outlined on therelevant application.Section 3. Election. The procedure for election to membership shall be as follows:(a)The Chief Executive Officer (or duly authorized designee) shall determinewhether the applicant is applying for the appropriate class of membership. Applicants forREALTOR membership in either subclass and any applicable subordinate subclass shall begranted provisional membership immediately upon submission of a completed application formand remittance of applicable association dues and any application fee. Provisional membersshall be considered REALTOR Members of the applicable subclass and subordinate subclassand shall be subject to all of the same privileges and obligations of membership. Provisionalmembership is granted subject to subsequent review of the application by the Board of Directors.(b)If the Board of Directors determines that the individual does not meet all of thequalifications for membership as established in the Association’s bylaws, or, if the individualdoes not satisfy all of the requirements of membership (for example, completion of a mandatoryorientation program) within 180 days from the Association’s receipt of his or her application,membership may be denied, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, and provisionalmembership shall thereupon be terminated.Dues shall be computed from the date of applicationand shall be non-refundable unless the Association’s Board of Directors terminates theindividual’s provisional membership in accordance with subsection (a) above. In such instances,dues shall be returned to the individual less a prorated amount to cover the number of days thatthe individual was able to receive Association services. Application fees are non-refundable.The board of directors shall vote on the applicant's eligibility for membership. If the applicant-9-

receives a majority vote of the board of directors, he/she shall be declared elected to membershipand shall be advised by written notice.(c)The Board of Directors may not terminate any provisional membership withoutproviding the provisional member with advance notice of the findings, an opportunity to appearbefore the Board of Directors, to call witnesses on his/her behalf, to be represented by counsel,and to make such statements as he/she deems relevant. The Board of Directors may also havecounsel present. The Board of Directors shall require written minutes to be made of any hearingbefore it or may electronically or mechanically record the proceedings.(d)If the Board of Directors determines that provisional membership should beterminated, it shall record its reasons with the Chief Executive Officer. If the Board of Directorsbelieves that the termination of provisional membership may become the basis of litigation and aclaim of damage by the provisional member, it may specify that termination shall becomeeffective upon entry in a suit by the Association for a declaratory judgment by a court ofcompetent jurisdiction of a final judgment declaring that the termination violates no rights of theindividual.Section 4. New Member Code of Ethics Orientation.Provisional REALTOR Members shall complete an orientation program on the Code ofEthics of not less than two hours and thirty minutes of instructional time. This requirement doesnot apply to REALTOR Provisional members who have completed comparable orientation inanother REALTOR association affiliated with the National Association of REALTORS ,provided that REALTOR membership in one or more associations so affiliated has beencontinuous, or that any break in such membership is for one year or less.Failure to satisfy this requirement within 180 days of the date of application may result indenial of the membership application and termination of provisional membership.Section 5. Continuing Member Code of Ethics Training.Effective January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2021, and for successive three (3) yearperiods thereafter, each REALTOR Member of both subclasses, with the exception ofREALTOR members granted REALTOR Emeritus status by the

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF THE . GREATER HARTFORD ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , INC. ARTICLE I - Name . Section 1. Name. The name of this organization shall be the GREATER HARTFORD ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS , INC., hereafter referred to as the "Association." Section 2. REALTORS . Inclusion and retention of the Registered Collective

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