The Economic Value Of College Majors - CEW Georgetown
THE ECONOMIC VALUEofCOLLEGE MAJORSAnthony P. CarnevaleBan CheahAndrew R. HansonExecutive Summary2015
The Economic ValueFACT SHEETof College MajorsIn this report, we analyze the annual earnings of college graduates by major.Entry-level earnings are for ages 21-24. Mid-career earnings are for ages 25-59.Earnings are reported in 2013 dollars.Majors are aggregated into seven d mathematics)WBusinessTeaching andserving(E.g., educationand social work)HealthArts, humanities,and liberal artsCareer-focused(E.g., industrialarts)Socialsciencese also analyze the prevalence of majors among college-educated adults and how much graduatedegree holders earn based on their undergraduate major compared to Bachelor’s degree holders.Finally, we analyze the 10 highest- and lowest-paying majors among 137 detailed major subgroups.Graduate degree holders include workers between the ages of 25 and 59. Graduate degreeholders’ majors refer to their undergraduate major, not their graduate field of study.Bachelor’s degree holders refers to adults between the ages of 21 and 59 with a Bachelor’s degree but no further education. Earnings data are reported for workers employedfull-time, full-year. Data on the prevalence of majors include all college-educated adults,including those neither employed nor in the labor force.High school graduates refers to workers between the ages of 21 and 59 with nothingother than a high school diploma, employed full-time, full-year.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of LuminaFoundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Joyce Foundation, or their officers, or their employees.3
FIGURE1Not all Bachelor’s degreesare created equal.Entry-level 43,000 41,000 37,000 30,000At the entry level, 29,000health majors earn 41,000 annually,while humanities andliberal arts majors earnSTEMHealthBusiness 29,000 annually.Career-focused Arts, humanities,and liberal artsMedian annual wages of college-educated workers (ages 21-24) by major supergroup (2013 )Mid-career 76,000 67,000 65,000Among prime-age 61,000 51,000workers,1 those who 46,000majored in STEM earn 76,000 annually, whilethose who had a teachingand serving major earn 46,000 annually.STEMBusinessHealthAll majorsArts, humanities, Teaching andand liberal artsservingFIGUREMedian annual wages of college-educated workers (ages 25-59) by major supergroup (2013 )2College graduates’ wages increase over the course of their careers,while the differences in wages among majors grow larger.Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.14“Prime-age workers” refers to those between the ages of 25 and 59.
FIGURE3Majors play a larger role in determining earnings thanthe decision to go to college. 3.4MILLION 1The difference between the life-MILLIONtime wages of college and highschool graduates is 1 million;the difference between thehighest- and lowest-payingcollege majors is 3.4 million.Difference in lifetime wages ofcollege and high school graduatesDifference in lifetime wages ofhighest- and lowest-paying majorsFIGURELifetime wage premium (in millions of 2013 )4Your major isn’tyour destiny.Some college graduates who have generallylow-paying majors earn more than some collegegraduates with generally higher-paying majors:the top 25 percent of education majors earn 59,000or more annually, while the bottom 25 percent ofengineering majors earn 59,000 or less annually. 59,000EngineeringAll centileHigh school graduate0 40,000 80,000 120,000Interquartile range of annual wages of college-educated workers (ages 25-59) by educational attainment and major group (2013 )Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.5
FIGURE5Business majors and STEM majors are the mostcommon and among the highest-paying majors.Social sciences 6.9%Health 7.5%26.1% BusinessCareer-focused 11.9%(E.g., industrial arts)Arts, humanities, 13.4%and liberal artsTeaching and serving 14.5%(E.g., education and social work)19.6% STEM(Science, technology,engineering, andmathematics)FIGUREShare of college graduates (ages 25-59) by meta-major6Most students choose a major that is connectedto the labor market.20%Majors with weak connections tothe labor market – humanities andliberal arts, social sciences, and artsmajors – comprise only 20 percentof college-educated workers.Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.6
FIGURE7Some majors are more likely to lead to graduateschool than others.Biology and lifesciences majorsare the mostlikely to earn a57.7%graduate degree.50.0%Biology andlife sciences45.3%PhysicalsciencesPsychology andsocial workThree most likely majors to earn a graduate degreeThree least likely majors to earn a graduate degree35.1%23.2%FIGUREAll majors822.2%Arts20.8%BusinessCommunicationsand journalismThe benefit of a graduate degree is much greaterfor some majors than others. 32,000Physical sciences 27,000Social sciences 22,000Business 16,000Psychology and social work 15,000Education 13,000Industrial arts, consumerservices, and recreation0 20,000 40,000Median annual wages 60,000 80,000 100,000Graduate degree wage premiumSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.7
What’s It Worth?FACT SHEETHighest- and Lowest-Earning MajorsAlmost all of the highest-paying majors are in engineering fields.Rank0 40,000 80,000 120,0001Petroleum Engineering2Pharmacy and PharmaceuticalSciences and Administration3Metallurgical Engineering 98,0004Mining and Mineral Engineering 97,0005Chemical Engineering 96,0006Electrical Engineering7Aerospace Engineering8Mechanical Engineering 87,0009Computer Engineering 87,000Geological andGeophysical Engineering 87,00010 136,000 113,000 93,000 90,000Pharmacy, pharmaceuticalsciences, and pharmaceuticaladministration Bachelor’sdegree holders have theonly non-engineering majoramong the top 10 majorsranked by wages.The lowest-paying majors are in education, arts, and social work fields.128Family and Consumer Sciences 45,000129Drama and Theater Arts 45,000130Elementary Education 43,000131Theology and Religious Vocations 43,000132Visual and Performing Arts 42,000133Teacher Education: Multiple Levels 42,000134Social Work 42,000135Studio Arts 42,000136Human Services andCommunity Organization 41,000137Early Childhood EducationEarly childhood educationmajors earn 39,000 annuallymid-career, the lowest amongcollege graduates. 39,000Median annual wages of college-educated workers (ages 25-59) by major subgroup (2013 )Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.8
129Drama and Theater Arts 44,538108Fine Arts 48,871113Music 48,686135Studio Arts 41,762132Visual and Performing Arts 42,465117Neuroscience123Art and Music Education137Early Childhood Education130Elementary Education125General Education127Language and Drama Education116Mathematics Teacher Education 48,654119Science and ComputerTeacher Education 47,785118Secondary Teacher Education 48,078120Social Science or HistoryTeacher Education 46,608126Special Needs Education 45,440133Teacher Education: Multiple Levels122Communication DisordersSciences and Services109Art History and Criticism121Composition and Speech110Humanities 48,190 45,613137 Detailed Majors 39,097 42,736Selective Statistics 45,572 45,440 42,194Contents 45,65410Mid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 48,87175th percentiles,by Bachelor’s degree major14The graduateadvantage, mid-career 46,608earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75thpercentiles by Bachelor’s degree major30All majors by group, ranked byearningsand popularity 45,613 48,686124Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies13134Theology and Religious Vocations128Family and Consumer Sciences111Physical Fitness, Parks,Recreation, and LeisureHuman Services andCommunity Organization38Majors ranked by popularity forBachelor’s 41,113degree holders112Psychology39Majors 48,686ranked by popularity forgraduate degree holders134Social Work115Anthropology and Archeology 48,679114Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 48,67913636Lowest- andhighest-earning majors, 42,736Bachelor’s degree holders 44,743Lowest- and highest-earning majors,graduate degree holders 48,686 42,194
MID-CAREER EARNINGS AT THE 25TH, 50TH AND 75TH PERCENTILES,BY BACHELOR’S DEGREE MAJOR0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000All Bachelor’s Degree HoldersAgriculture and Natural ResourcesAgricultural EconomicsFood ScienceForestryMiscellaneous Agriculture25thpercentileNatural Resources ManagementGeneral Agriculture50thpercentile75thpercentilePlant Science and AgronomyAnimal SciencesArchitecture and EngineeringPetroleum EngineeringMetallurgical EngineeringMining and Mineral EngineeringPetroleumEngineering75th percentileearnings 243,000Chemical EngineeringElectrical EngineeringAerospace EngineeringGeological and Geophysical EngineeringMechanical EngineeringCivil EngineeringEngineering Mechanics, Physics, and ScienceGeneral EngineeringIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringEngineering and Industrial ManagementEnvironmental EngineeringMiscellaneous EngineeringIndustrial Production TechnologiesMiscellaneous Engineering TechnologiesBiomedical EngineeringMechanical Engineering-Related TechnologiesArchitectureEngineering TechnologiesArtsCommercial Art and Graphic DesignFilm, Video, and Photographic ArtsFine ArtsMusicDrama and Theater ArtsStudio ArtsVisual and Performing Arts010 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000
Mid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles,by Bachelor’s degree major0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,0000 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000All Bachelor’s Degree HoldersBiology and Life SciencesMicrobiologyBiochemical SciencesZoologyEnvironmental ScienceBiologyMiscellaneous BiologyMolecular BiologyBotanyEcologyNeuroscienceBusinessManagement Information Systems and StatisticsBusiness EconomicsFinanceOperations Logistics and E-CommerceAccountingGeneral BusinessMarketing and Marketing ResearchBusiness Management and AdministrationInternational BusinessMiscellaneous Business andMedical AdministrationHuman Resources and Personnel ManagementHospitality ManagementCommunications and JournalismJournalismAdvertising and Public RelationsCommunications and Mass MediaComputers, Statistics, and MathematicsComputer EngineeringApplied MathematicsComputer ScienceStatistics and Decision ScienceInformation SciencesMathematicsComputer and Information SystemsMiscellaneous Computer11
Mid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles,by Bachelor’s degree major0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,0000 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000All Bachelor’s Degree HoldersEducationMiscellaneous EducationPhysical and Health Education TeachingMathematics Teacher EducationScience and Computer Teacher EducationSecondary Teacher EducationSocial Sciences or History Teacher EducationArt and Music EducationGeneral EducationLanguage and Drama EducationSpecial Needs EducationElementary EducationTeacher Education: Multiple LevelsEarly Childhood EducationHealthPharmacy and PharmaceuticalSciences and AdministrationNursingTreatment Therapy ProfessionsMiscellaneous Health and Medical ProfessionsHealth and Medical Administrative ServicesHealth and Medical Preparatory ProgramsNutrition SciencesCommunication Disorders Sciences and ServicesHumanities and Liberal ArtsHistoryEnglish Language and LiteratureLiberal ArtsFrench, German, Latin, and OtherCommon Foreign Language StudiesIntercultural and International StudiesArea Ethnic and Civilization StudiesOther Foreign LanguagesPhilosophy and Religious StudiesLinguistics and ComparativeLanguage and LiteratureArt History and CriticismHumanitiesComposition and SpeechMulti/Interdisciplinary StudiesTheology and Religious Vocations12
Mid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles,by Bachelor’s degree major0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,0000 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000All Bachelor’s Degree HoldersIndustrial Arts, Consumer Services, & RecreationTransportation Sciences and TechnologiesMiscellaneous Industrial Artsand Consumer ServicesPhysical Fitness, Parks, Recreation, and LeisureFamily and Consumer SciencesLaw and Public PolicyPublic PolicyPublic AdministrationCriminal Justice and Fire ProtectionPre-Law and Legal StudiesPhysical SciencesPhysicsGeology and Earth ScienceOceanographyAtmospheric Sciences and MeteorologyNuclear, Industrial Radiology, andBiological TechnologiesChemistryGeosciencesPhysical SciencesMulti-Disciplinary or General SciencesPsychology and Social WorkIndustrial and Organizational PsychologySocial PsychologyPsychologySocial WorkHuman Services and Community OrganizationSocial SciencesEconomicsPolitical Science and GovernmentInternational RelationsGeographyMiscellaneous Social SciencesCriminologyGeneral Social SciencesSociologyAnthropology and ArcheologyInterdisciplinary Social SciencesSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.13
The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree majorTHE GRADUATE ADVANTAGEThe charts displayed in this section (the graduate advantage) show theinterquartile range of annual wages for each major group and subgroup. The Graduate AdvantageEach horizontal bar corresponds to a major group or Agriculturesubgroup. and Natural ResourcesThe columnson the right correspondMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree majorThe leftmost point on the bar shows the 25th percentile of the wageto the percentage and absolutedistribution. The dot in the middle of the bar shows the mediandifference between the median annualAgriculture and Natural Resources The Graduate Advantageor 50th percentile of the wage distribution. The rightmost pointwage distribution of graduate degreeMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th PercentileChange degree holders.on the bar shows the 75th percentile of the wage distribution.holdersand Bachelor’s0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsolute50th Percentile ChangeAgriculture andNatural Resources0 40,000 80,00032.9% 120,000Agriculture andNatural ResourcesAgricultural Economics32.9%29.0%ForestryFood ScienceFood ScienceAnimal Sciences 0Agriculture andNaturalResourcesNatural ResourcesManagementAnimal Sciences 40,000 80,000Major subgroupsAnimal Sciences 0Miscellaneous Agriculture25th50thNatural ResourcesManagementpercentilepercentileGeneral Agriculture 40,00075thpercentile 80,00054.5%Absolute32.9%28.5% 18,300 15,800 26,80023.8%31.6% 16,000 16,90029.0%23.5% 18,000 13,400 26,800 16,900 9,80014.5%27.6% 14,700 120,00023.5%Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degreeholders27.6%Plant Science and Agronomy 9,800Percent 15,80031.6%FoodScienceGeneralAgriculture 18,000 9,80014.5%50thPercentile Change 120,00028.5%ForestryMiscellaneous AgriculturePlant Science and Agronomy14.5%29.0% 18,00054.5%AgriculturalPlant Scienceand EconomicsAgronomyatural Resources Management 18,30023.8%and Natural Resources 16,000Agriculture The Graduate Advantage23.8% by Bachelor’s 16,000Mid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentilesdegree majorAgricultural EconomicsForestryMajorgroupPercentAbsolute 18,30054.5% 0 26,800 13,40028.5% 15,80050th percentileabsolute change 14,700 16,90031.6%Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.Miscellaneous Agriculture025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile25th percentile 80,0000 120,000 13,400 14,70027.6%General AgricultureBachelor’sdegree 40,000holders050th percentile75th holdersdegree25th Graduate50thpercentile percentile23.5%percentile 80,00050th 120,000percentile0absolute change75th percentileBachelor’s degree holders50th percentileThe bottom 25 percent of colHalf of college-educatedThetop25 holderspercent of college-absolute changeGraduatedegreeource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.lege-educated workers eSource: workersGeorgetown Universityon Educationandthethe Workforce analysis ofU.S. Census Bureau,American Communitymicro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.less than the 25th percentile.median and half earn less.than than 75th percentile.1514
Agriculture and Natural Resources The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsoluteAgriculture andNatural Resources32.9%Agricultural Economics23.8%Forestry29.0%Food Science14.5%Animal Sciences54.5%Natural Resources Management28.5% 15,800Plant Science and Agronomy31.6% 16,900Miscellaneous Agriculture23.5%General Agriculture27.6%025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 18,300 16,000 18,000 9,800 26,800 13,400 14,700050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.15
Architecture and Engineering The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000Architecture and EngineeringPercentAbsolute25.0%( 243,000)Petroleum Engineering( 207,000)Geological and GeophysicalEngineering( 182,000) 21,000-5.4%(- 7,000)31.6% 27,000Aerospace Engineering24.5%Electrical Engineering20.0%Chemical Engineering12.9% 12,000Metallurgical Engineering11.1% 11,000Engineering and IndustrialManagement39.3%Engineering Mechanics,Physics, and Science32.2%Mechanical Engineering23.0%Mining and Mineral Engineering8.6%General Engineering27.7%Industrial and ManufacturingEngineering24.6% 20,000Civil Engineering21.4% 18,000Miscellaneous Engineering29.4%Miscellaneous EngineeringTechnologies23.3%Mechanical EngineeringRelated Technologies27.6%Industrial Production Technologies19.4%Environmental Engineering15.8%Biomedical Engineering24.1%Architectural Engineering1.7%Engineering 0thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000 160,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 22,000 19,000 31,000 26,000 20,000 8,000 22,000 22,000 17,000 19,000 14,000 12,000 17,000 1,000 12,000 9,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.16
The Graduate Advantage ArtsMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000PercentAbsoluteArts22.9%Commercial Art andGraphic Design23.7% 12,000Music25.0% 12,000Drama and Theater Arts34.4%Fine Arts22.4%Film, Video, andPhotographic Arts16.7%Visual and Performing Arts31.4% 13,000Studio Arts29.5% 12,000025thpercentile50thpercentile 20,00075thpercentile 40,000 60,000 80,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 100,000 11,000 15,000 11,000 9,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.17
Biology and Life Science The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 200,000PercentAbsoluteBiology and Life Sciences63.3%Zoology80.7%Biochemical Sciences64.9% 38,000Biology70.9% 40,000Microbiology42.7%Molecular Biology62.0%Miscellaneous Biology49.5%Environmental Science24.7% 14,000Botany27.4% 14,000Ecology29.7% le 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000 160,000 200,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 36,000 47,000 27,000 34,000 27,000 13,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.18
The Graduate Advantage BusinessMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000 iness Economics33.1%Operations Logisticsand E-Commerce38.0%Management InformationSystems and Statistics20.0%Accounting32.2%General Business36.6%Marketing andMarketing Research29.3% 18,000Business Managementand Administration30.6% 19,000International Business32.5% 19,000Miscellaneous Business andMedical Administration32.0% 19,000Human Resources andPersonnel Management28.0% 16,000Hospitality Management33.7% 18,000025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000 160,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 22,000 29,000 25,000 27,000 15,000 22,000 24,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.19
Communications and Journalism The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000PercentCommunicationsand Journalism25.5%Journalism27.0%Communications and Mass Media24.0%Advertising and Public Relations20.0%25thpercentile0 20,00050thpercentile75thpercentile 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holdersAbsolute 14,000 15,000 13,000 11,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.20
The Graduate Advantage Computers, Statistics, and MathematicsMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsoluteComputers, Statistics,and Mathematics25.6%Applied Mathematics27.5%Computer Engineering17.3%Statistics and Decision Science29.3%Computer Science20.6% 17,000Mathematics24.5% 18,000Information Sciences20.8% 15,000Computer andInformation Systems22.3% 15,000Miscellaneous Computer37.4%025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 19,000 23,000 15,000 23,000 22,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.21
Education The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000PercentAbsoluteEducation33.3%Physical and HealthEducation Teaching32.2% 16,000Secondary Teacher Education33.6% 16,000Science and ComputerTeacher Education34.1% 16,000Miscellaneous Education23.0%Mathematics Teacher Education29.0%Social Sciences or HistoryTeacher Education33.3%Special Needs Education34.0% 15,000Art and Music Education33.5% 15,000Language and Drama Education33.8% 15,000General Education31.1% 14,000Elementary Education33.3% 14,000Teacher Education:Multiple Levels34.2% 14,000Early Childhood Education36.6%025thpercentile50thpercentile 20,00075thpercentile 40,000 60,000 80,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 15,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 14,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.22
The Graduate Advantage HeathMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentHealth29.2%Health and MedicalPreparatory Programs 19,000136.1% 74,000( 291,000)Pharmacy and PharmaceuticalSciences and Administration4.4%Nursing33.5%Health and MedicalAdministrative Services44.7%Miscellaneous Health andMedical Professions29.3%Treatment Therapy Professions11.7%Nutrition Sciences34.2%Communication DisordersSciences and Services44.4%025thpercentileAbsolute50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 5,000 22,000 25,000 17,000 8,000 18,000 20,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.23
Humanities and Liberal Arts The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsoluteHumanities and Liberal Arts34.2%History47.6% 26,000Area Ethnic andCivilization Studies49.8% 26,000Intercultural andInternational Studies40.0%Humanities45.9%Liberal Arts33.5% 18,000Other Foreign Languages36.5% 19,000English Language and Literature29.4%Philosophy and Religious Studies34.4% 17,000Linguistics and ComparativeLanguage and Literature36.7% 18,000French, German, Latin, andOther Common ForeignLanguage Studies30.0%Art History and Criticism34.9%Composition and Speech30.5%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies24.1%Theology and Religious Vocations18.7%025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 18,000 21,000 22,000 16,000 16,000 17,000 14,000 11,000 8,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.24
The Graduate Advantage Industrial Arts, Consumer Services & RecreationMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentIndustrial Arts, ConsumerServices, & Recreation25.4%Transportation Sciencesand Technologies29.7%Miscellaneous Industrial Artsand Consumer Services18.9%Physical Fitness, Parks,Recreation, and Leisure33.3%Family and Consumer Sciences33.5%025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holdersAbsolute 13,000 22,000 12,000 16,000 15,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.25
Law and Public Policy The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsoluteLaw and Public Policy33.1%Public Policy41.1% 27,000Pre-Law and Legal Studies51.9% 27,000Public Administration20.8%Criminal Justice andFire Protection29.7%025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 18,000 13,000 16,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.26
The Graduate Advantage Physical SciencesMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000PercentAbsolutePhysical 53.5%Nuclear, Industrial Radiology,& Biological Technologies47.7%Oceanography31.5%Geology and Earth Science25.1%Multi-Disciplinary orGeneral Science42.4%Atmospheric Sciencesand Meteorology26.6% 18,000Physical Sciences27.6% 17,000025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000 160,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 32,000 39,000 20,000 34,000 31,000 22,000 17,000 26,000050th percentileabsolute changeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.27
Psychology and Social Work The Graduate AdvantageMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000PercentAbsolutePsychology and Social Work33.3% 16,000Industrial and OrganizationalPsychology26.4% 17,000Social Psychology37.8%Psychology33.3%Social Work30.1% 13,000Human Services andCommunity Organization31.0% 13,000025thpercentile50thpercentile 40,00075thpercentile 80,000 120,000Bachelor’s degree holdersGraduate degree holders 19,000 16,000050th PercentileAbsolute ChangeSource: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey micro data, 2009-2013 pooled sample.28
The Graduate Advantage Social SciencesMid-career earnings at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles by Bachelor’s degree major50th Percentile Change0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000PercentAbsoluteSocial Sciences44.6%Economics43.6% 33,000Political Science and Government49.1% 31,000International Relations46.4%Miscellaneous Social Sciences42.7%Geography33.9%Criminology31.2% 17,000General Social Sciences29.3% 15,000Interdisciplinary Social Sciences40.0%Anthropology and Archeology35.5%Sociology28.0%025t
7 7 Some majors are more likely to lead to graduate FIGURE school than others. 8 The benefit of a graduate degree is much greater FIGURE for some majors than others. Biology and life sciences majors are the most likely to earn a graduate degree. 57.7% Biology and life sciences 50.0% Physical sciences 45.3%
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Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
