California Energy Commission Research & Development
CaliforniaEnergy CommissionResearch & DevelopmentBiomass In California’s Energy Portfolio:Advancement Through Research and DevelopmentTITLEOF PRESENTATIONRizaldoAldas, Ph.D.NameofE.PresenterEnergyEnergy ResearchResearch andand DevelopmentDevelopment DivisionDivisionPublic Meeting of the Biomass Research andTitleof conference/meetingDevelopmentTechnical Advisory CommitteeLocationpresentationwas givenCAAugust 16,2017. Los Angeles,Date of meeting
TopicsCalifornia’s Energy Portfolio and the role of biomassKey Policies Driving BioenergyHigh Tree MortalityEnergy Commission’s R&D Programs SupportingBiomass Portfolio of Bioenergy R&D Projects R&D Plans and Proposed Initiatives SupportingBioenergy
Installed In-State Electric Generation Capacity by Fuel Type2016 Grand Total: 79,022 MWBiomass – 1,314 MWNatural Gas – 43,053 MWThese data show the nameplatecapacity of all power plants 1 megawatt(MW) and larger; behind-the-meter orcustomer-side capacity and generationfrom facilities smaller than 1 MW arenot accounted for.
In-State Electric Generation by Fuel Type2016 Grand Total:198,266 GWhBiomass:5,868 GWhNatural Gas:99,262 GWh
In-State Renewable CapacitySource: http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking progress/documents/renewable.pdf
Renewable Energy Generation (2016)Source: http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking progress/documents/renewable.pdf
Renewables Watch – Friday August, 11 2017 - CAISOSource: http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking progress/documents/renewable.pdf
Bioenergy Facilities in CaliforniaNet Capacity by Project Status (MW)Proposed13%Idle20%Operational67%StatusGross Capacity - MW Net Capacity - 0123Total1040.75965.65 Currently 34 operating solid fuel biomasspower plants in 19 countiesSource – California Biomass Energy Alliance
Biomass Facility by Technology TypeSuspension Fired Boiler3%Under Consideration0%Bubbling Fluidized Bed15%Stoker - Grate40%Circulating Fluidized Bed15%Combustion Steam Cycle2%N/A23%Staged Combustor2%Downdraft Gasifier0%
Biomass Resources in California Gross resource – 78 million bone dry tons per year (BDT/y)Biomass considered to be available on a technicallysustainable basis – 35 million BDT/yGross electrical generation potential 9,900 MWe Agriculture – 2,300 MWe Forestry – 3,500 MWe MSW – 3,900 MWeBiogas potential from animal manures, landfill gas,anaerobic digestion of food, leaves and grass from MSWdisposal stream, and wastewater treatment plants 93billion cubic ft/yearReport from CEC-funded Resource Assessment withCalifornia Biomass Collaborative, UC Davis. PublishedMarch 2015
State Energy Policy Drives Energy RD&D Investments63,000 Zer o Net Ener gy Zer o Net Ener gy Commer cial Buildings GoalGWh/yearResidentialBuildings GoalDouble Ener gy Savings inExisting Buildings GoalAchieve 100% ofEconomic Potential Goal40,000GWh/yearEconomic DR at5% of peak Goal2008 201011% RPS Goal2013 2015 201610% LightDuty StateVehicles beZEV25% of LightDuty StateVehicles beZEV2030202533% RPS Goal12 GW DG Goal8 GW Utility-Scale Goal20% RPS GoalGreenhouseGas Reductions2020Require 50% RPSGoalOver 1 millionZEVs/near ZEVson Califor niaRoadways GoalReduce GHG Emissions to 1990Level (AB 32) – Repr esents 30%Reduction fr om Pr ojected GHGEmissionsReduce GHG Emissions40% below 1990 LevelsEner gyEfficiencyDemandResponse2050RenewableEner gyTr ansportationEner gyReduce GHG Emissions80% Below 1990 Levels211
Some Key Policies Driving Biomass DevelopmentSenate Bill (SB) 350 (Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Actof 2015 (Statutes of 2015))1)2)3)Amount of electricity generated and sold to retail customers peryear from eligible renewable energy resources be increased to 50percent by December 31, 2030;Establish annual targets for statewide energy efficiency savings inelectricity and natural gas final end uses of retail customers byJanuary 1, 2030; andProvide for transformation of the Independent System Operatorinto a regional organization.
Some Key Policies Driving Biomass DevelopmentRenewables Portfolio Standard (Senate Bill (SB)) X1-2, (Simitian,Ch.1, Statutes of 2011); SB 107 (Simitian, Ch. 464, Statutes of 2006);SB 1078 (Sher, Ch. 849, Statutes of 2002). These measures, in sum, require retail sellers and local publiclyowned electric utilities to increase the amount of energy procuredfrom eligible renewable energy resources to meet at least 33percent of their total retail sales by 2020, in what is known as theRenewables Portfolio Standard.
Some Key Policies Driving Biomass DevelopmentAssembly Bill (AB) 32 (“The Global Warming Solutions Act of2006”)A comprehensive program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inCalifornia. GHG reduction strategies include a reduction mandate of 1990levels by 2020 and a cap-and-trade program.Executive Order B-30-15Reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, toensure California meets its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 80percent below 1990 levels by 2050.
Some Key Policies Driving Biomass DevelopmentSB 1122 – Bioenergy Feed-in Tariff (Rubio, Chapter 612, Statutes of 2012). Bioenergy Market Adjusting Tariff (BioMAT)Investor‐owned electric utilities to collectively procure at least 250 MW of eligiblerenewable energy from small-scale bioenergy projects with capacities of 3 MW or less.Category 1: Biogas from wastewater treatment, municipal organic waste diversion, foodprocessing, and co-digestion - 110 MWCategory 2: Dairy and other agricultural bioenergy - 90 MWCategory 3: Bioenergy using byproducts of sustainable forest management (includingfuels from high hazard zones effective February 1, 2017) - 50 MW Available Contract Price for each of the four Fuel Resource Pricing Categories set at 127.72/MWhAB 1923 (Wood) – BioMAT required 3 MW of capacity from bioenergy resources(increased to 5MW)
Some Key Policies Driving Biomass DevelopmentProclamation of a State of Emergency10-30-15Governor’s 10-30-2015 Proclamation ofa State of Emergency to protectcommunities against unprecedented treedie-off.Over 102 million trees, most of thesetrees are conifers (pines), have died fromdrought and bark beetles. The barkbeetle epidemic has hit California’swildland forests in the coastal ranges,mountains and foothill communities,posing particular threat where deadtrees are near homes and privateproperty.
Tree Mortality Emergency Per the directives of the Governor’s 10-30-2015Proclamation of a State of Emergency, the CPUC hasbeen directed to: Utilize its authority to extend contracts onexisting forest bioenergy facilities receivingfeedstocks from high hazard zonesTake expedited action to ensure that contractsfor new forest bioenergy facilities that receivefeedstock from high hazard zones can beexecuted within six monthsAnd prioritize facilitation of interconnectionagreements for forest bioenergy facilities inHHZ, and order the use of expeditedmediation or other alternative disputeresolution processes when conflicts delaydevelopment of projects
Tree Mortality Emergency The Energy Commissionhas been directed toprioritize grant fundingfrom the Electric ProgramInvestment Charge forwoody biomass-to-energytechnology developmentand deployment,consistent with directionfrom the CPUC
Progress in Attaining Energy and Climate GoalsCalifornia’s Progress to Meeting thePercent Renewables Portfolio StandardCalifornia's Path to Progress toMeet Climate Goals
Research & Development:The Science of gine20
CEC’s Energy Research Drives Technology & StrategicInnovation to Meet the ChallengesNatural Gas R&D- 24M/yrEnergy EfficiencyRenewable Energy & Adv. Gen.Electric Program InvestmentCharge - 125M/yrPipeline SafetyEnergy Efficiency & DemandResponseEnvironmentalRenewable Energy & Adv. Gen.Methane LeakageClimate Adaptation andInfrastructure Risk ReductionNG TransportationSmart CommunitiesSmart Grid, Storage, DEREnvironmentalClimate Adaptation andInfrastructure Risk ReductionElectric Vehicle Grid IntegrationMarket Facilitation21
Electric Program InvestmentChargePIER – Natural Gas22
Overview of EPIC ProgramThe Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) program is California’s R&D investmentin the 21st century electric power system. All EPIC research initiatives must:– Address the state’s pioneering energy priorities.– Accelerate technology innovations and tools.– Provide benefits to California ratepayers.Transforming our state’s electric power system is a significant undertaking that requiresmulti-dimensional solutions.We want to use this as a catalyst for a larger discussion on how we best bring cleanenergy and its benefits to all of California’s communities.23
CEC Administered EPIC FundingFunding Areas––––––Energy EfficiencyClean GenerationSmart GridCost Share for Federal AwardsRenewablesDemand Response– Integration of EE, DR, DG and SmartGrid– Cost Share for Federal Awards– Entrepreneurial support and assistance– Innovative local strategies– Streamlined customer adoption24
Electric Program InvestmentChargePIER – Natural Gas25
Context: Natural Gas in CANatural gas comprises 57% of installed in-state electric generationcapacityCommercial and residential buildings account for 33% of naturalgas consumptionNatural gas systems account for about 10% of methane emissionsNatural gas use for power generation declining due to renewablepower generation and energy efficiencyNatural gas consumption for transportation is increasing drivenby medium- to heavy-duty vehiclesSource: California Energy CommissionTracking Progress - California’s Installed Electric Power Capacity and king progress/documents/installed capacity.pdfTracking Progress - Greenhouse Gas Emission ing progress/documents/Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions.pdf26
Natural Gas Research and Development ProgramThe CPUC designated the Energy Commission asthe administrator of the natural gas research funds.The natural gas research program supports energyrelated research in:Energy EfficiencyRenewable Energy & Advanced GenerationNG TransportationInfrastructurePipeline SafetyMethane LeakageClimate Adaptation and Infrastructure RiskReduction27
Broad Range of Biomass-to-Energy Research andDevelopment ProjectsBrown Grease Processing System at SanFrancisco’s Oceanside Wastewater TreatmentPlant (Source: SFPUC)Altamont Landfill LFG to LNG Project(Source: Waste Management)Biodiesel Production System (bottom)at SanFrancisco’s Oceanside Wastewater TreatmentPlant (Source: SFPUC)Dairy waste management (Various digesterprojects)The UC Davis Renewable Energy Anaerobic Digester(Source: UC Davis)Gills Onion Energy System converts onionwaste to energy. (Source: Gills Onion)Community Power Corporation’s BioMax 50demonstrated in Winters, CA for almond shells(Source: CPC)
Current EPIC Portfolio: Tree MortalityCreating innovative solutions to address tree mortality29
New Award: Mariposa Biomass Project Design andconstruct a2.2 MW forestwastethermochemical biomass-toenergyconversionfacilityCA’s first smallscale WFM
New Award: Fall River Resource Conservation District Burney-Hat CreekBioenergy Facility – oneof California’s firstcommunity-scalebiomass renewableelectricity projectsFurther develops WestBiofuel’s CircleDraftgasification technologyPower generation at fullrated capacity 2.88MW
New Award: AllPower Labs Powertrainer multimodal power and productsgasification platformDevelop the Powertrainer multi-modal power andproducts gasificationplatform to generaterenewable energy, processforestry waste, andsequester carbon210-250 kW systemContractor: All Power LabsFunding: 1,500,000 Match: 750,000Term: 10/30/2017-06/30/2020
New Award: Online Siting Tool - UC Davis Develop a robust webbased facility sitingapplication that allowspotential users to quicklyevaluate economicfeasibility andenvironmentalperformance of potentialbiopower or CHP facilityat particular locations
New Award: HZIU Kompogas Kompogas SLO –state of the art highsolids anaerobicdigestion systemdesigned specificallyto meet the organicsdiversion goals ofSLO countyParticipation inBioMAT, proposedfacility will provideenergy pricecertainty for 136,000MWh over 20 years
New Award: Compact Digester - UC Davis Develop acompact,containerizedanaerobicdigestion systemas an on-sitesolution forconverting foodwaste toelectricity, heat,and fertilizerFirst deploymentin California
Culmination of Research - Biogas EnergySystem from Food WastesFrom Pilot Demonstration to Full CommercialDeployment of UCD’s High Solids Digester ThroughCleanWorld PartnersAmerican River Packaging OrganicWaste Recycling Center2014 Clean TechInnovator of theYear: Dr. RuihongZhangUC Davis Renewable EnergyAnaerobic Digester (READ)UC Davis Biogas EnergyPilot-scale Project Capacity –3‐5 tons per day Digester volume –200 m3 Electricity output –600‐1200 kWh/day Feedstock combines 7.5 tons perday of food waste with 0.5 tons perday of unrecyclable corrugate Generate approximately 1,300 kWhof renewable electricity per day Diverts more than 2,900 tons ofwaste annually from area landfills Converts 50 tons of organic wasteto 12,000 kWhe each day Diverts 20,000 tons of waste fromlocal landfills each year. Blends with landfill gas to create atotal of 5.6 million kWh per year ofclean electricityWill reduce GHG emissions by13,500 tons per year
Current NG Portfolio: AdvancingBiogas and BiomethaneBiogas is an abundant renewable resourceforest and agriculture-derived woody biomass, foodwaste, organic fraction of municipal solid waste,municipal sewage, food processing wastewater,landfills, and animal manure.Can directly produce renewable heat and power, orcleaned up and upgraded to renewable natural gassuitable for injection into natural gas pipelines.Biogas as a replacement for fossil natural gas in burners& DG systemsLow Cost emissions control for biogas-fueled powersystemsLow cost emissions control for biogas-fueled powersystemsAerial View of a LancasterNeighborhoodNorth State Rendering Anaerobic Digester FacilityPre-commercial demonstrations37
RNG from Landfill Gas via Novel Cleanup and Upgrading Technologies Recipient: Gas Technology InstituteGoal: Improve effectiveness, efficiency, and cost ofremoving landfill gas contaminantsTechnology: Liquid scrubber systems for carbon dioxide andnitrogen removal which utilize organic solventswith high absorption capacity at low energyinput Oxygen, siloxane, hydrogen sulfide removalusing subcontractor Nrgtek’s patented process Compact, skid-mounted systems for streamlinedinstallation and commissioningKey features: Aims to clean and upgrade landfill gas intopipeline-quality renewable natural gas (SoCalGasRule 30, 990 BTU/scf, non-detectable siloxanes) 1 year or demonstration at an existing landfill Compact, low cost, and low energy inputSimplified representation of the landfill gas cleanup processSkid-mounted removal subsystems: H2O/CO2 (left), andO2/H2S/Siloxanes (right)38
Pre and Post-Combustion NOx Control for Biogas Engines Recipient: CHA CorporationGoal: Demonstrate pre- and post-combustion NOxcontrol for biogas enginesTechnology: Hydrogen Assisted Lean Operation (HALO) allowsstable engine operations at ultra-lean conditions Pre-combustion system consists of microwaveH2S removal unit and microwave steam reformerto produce H2 to implement HALO Post-combustion system consists of an exhaustcooler and two activated carbon absorbers inseries to remove NOx, SO2 and VOCsKey features: Aims to meet CARB 2007 DG NOx standards, 0.07lb./MW-hr Reduces warm-up time of emission controlequipment and subsequently startup emissionsSchematic of the anaerobic digester, biogas engines, and NOxremoval subsystems39
Biogas Energy Recovery System Recipient: Las Gallinas Valley Sanitary DistrictGoal: Install and operate a pre-commercial biogasenergy recovery system at a small wastewatertreatment plantTechnology: Utilizes a biogas cleanup skid, microturbines,hydronic boiler, and CNG refueling station New system replaces aging internal combustionengine and diesel-fueled vehicles with cleaner,more efficient technologies. Combines existing technologies in a configurationnew to California and at a small WWTPKey features: Utilizes 100% of biogas produced by the existingdigester to provide renewable electricity, heat,and transportation fuel Replaces diesel vehicles with cleaner CNGvehiclesSimplified schematic of the biogas energy recovery systemPhotograph of microturbines, gas cleanup system, and digester40
New Challenges: Getting to 2030 and BeyondCalifornia’s pursuit of a low-carbon future will hit a critical milestone in 2030. The paceof technological progress will need to increase exponentially to overcome challengesfor meeting the state’s energy and climate goals in 2030:Electrification of energy services and climate change impacts are expected toincrease electricity demand considerably.Greatest opportunities for energy savings are in hard-to-reach sectors such asexisting buildings and industrial facilities.Marginal value of new solar PV capacity will decline without cost-effective lowcarbon solutions that provide system flexibility and stability.Climate change will lower the performance of both renewable and conventionalgeneration and limit the availability of hydropower in hot summer months.Clean energy markets for low-income and disadvantaged communities have grownslowly.41
Going ForwardThe Energy Commission submitted itsEPIC 2018 – 2020 Proposed InvestmentPlan to the CPUC on May 1, 2017.The research initiatives presented in thisinvestment plan will ensure the EnergyCommission’s EPIC program continues toprovide energy leadership and innovationnecessary to carry out California’sprogressive energy policies and informdecisions and actions at local, state,federal and international levels; andfurther position California as the primarydestination for top talent and investmentin the clean energy economy.42
Strategic Objective 4Increase the Cost-competitiveness of Renewable GenerationThis theme seeks technology advancements needed to opennew market opportunities for renewables: Increase the economic potential of renewables withinCalifornia Enable renewables to compete in grid service markets Develop technologies whose unique attributes can createnew uses and markets for renewables43
Bioenergy in the 2018-2020 EPIC Investment Plan Managing biomass wastes from forests, including sustainable forestrymanagement strategies to reduce wildfire risk, agriculture, and other organicwastes while helping achieve the state’s RPS. Emphasis on the thermochemical conversion of biomass due to theunprecedented issue of dead and dying trees and the closure of a number ofbiomass power plants. Support the full realization of biomass gasification potentials and otherconversion strategies that are clean, efficient, and cost-effective, and that willhelp address location-challenged biomass resources. Technologies and strategies that reduce the LCOE and help bring bioenergyinto cost parity with fossil fuels. Low-emission generation technologies, pollution control, and othertechnologies that can cost-effectively utilize low-quality biogas for bioenergy.
S4.4 Improve the Value Proposition of BioenergyS4.4.1 Tackling Tar and Other Impurities: Addressing the Achilles Heel ofGasification Demonstrate methods to cost-effectively remove impurities such as tarS4.4.2 Demonstrating Modular Bioenergy Systems and Feedstock Densifying andHandling Strategies to Improve Conversion of Accessibility- Challenged ForestBiomass Resources Demonstrate modular gasification systems in forest/urban interfaceareas Demonstrate innovative systems, such as densification and torrefaction,that reduce biomass volume and improve energy densityS4.4.3 Demonstrate Improved Performance and Reduced Air Pollution Emissionsof Biogas or Low Quality Biogas Power Generation Technologies Develop and demonstrate low-cost emissions control technologies Demonstrate fuel-flexible and cost effective generation technologiesthat can use low quality biogas to produce electricity
Going ForwardThe Energy Commission submittedits Natural Gas Budget Plan for FiscalYear 2017-18 to the CPUC on March31, 2017The research initiatives presented inthis budget plan will ensure theEnergy Commission’s natural gasresearch program continues toprovide energy leadership andinnovation necessary to carry outCalifornia’s progressive energypolicies and inform decisions andactions at local, state, federal andinternational levels.46
FY 2017-18 Proposed Funding Initiative Specific to Biomass Piloting Pipeline Quality Renewable Natural Gas from California’s Forest BiomassResources Research will support pre-commercial technologies and strategies to enable economicconversion of forest waste biomass to renewable natural gas of suitable quality forpipeline injection in California. Possible technologies and strategies include, but are not limited to, the following: A pilot-scale demonstration of woody biomass conversion to renewable natural gasand subsequent injection into a California pipeline; Improvements to the methanation reaction to enable cost-effective conversion ofwoody biomass-derived syngas to renewable natural gas; Projects must demonstrate a “whole system approach” from feedstock to end use –conversion of woody biomass to pipeline quality renewable natural gas. Technologies should focus on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and reducingenvironmental impact compared to conventional systems, and should be demonstratedwith support from a California utility.
Alternative and Renewable Fuel and VehicleTechnology Program (ARFVTP) Since the first investment plan, the Energy Commission hasinvested 606 million in projects that will support alternative andrenewable fuels and advanced vehicle technologiesCumulative Awards to Date: Biomethane Production - 50.9 million for 16 projects Gasoline Substitutes Production - 27.2 million for 14 projects Diesel Substitutes Production - 57.4 million for 20 projects Upstream Biodiesel Infrastructure - 4 million for 4infrastructure sites
ARFVTP - Ethanol Plans to fund over 180 new E-85 fueling stations inCalifornia by 2016Invested 6 million to encourage CA ethanolproducers to utilize and retrofit new productiontechnologies in the California Ethanol ProducerIncentive Program (CEPIP).
ARFVTP - Diesel Substitutes (Biodiesel) The Energy Commission has invested over 23.5million for diesel substitute infrastructure 7 million has been awarded or allocated for dieselsubstitute blending and storage terminal projects 17 million has been awarded for diesel substituteproduction
ARVFTP - Biomethane and Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) The Energy Commission has invested more than 50.9 million on 16 biomethane feasibility,demonstration, and production projectsWhen fully commercialized, these projects areexpected to displace over 100 million diesel gallonequivalents
Thank You!52
Biomass considered to be available on a technically sustainable basis - 35 million BDT/y Gross electrical generation potential 9,900 MWe Agriculture - 2,300 MWe Forestry - 3,500 MWe MSW - 3,900 MWe Biogas potential from animal manures, landfill gas, anaerobic digestion of food, leaves and grass from MSW
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