Workforce On Police Professionalism Recommendations On The . - NCACP
Workforce onPolice ProfessionalismRecommendations on theEvolution ofst21 Century PolicingSeptember 1, 2020
PrefacePolice Chiefs in North Carolina have pursued improvements in policing for years, including aforum of 60 chiefs in 2015 that produced a report and recommendations addressing specificactions in the broad areas of Community Relations, Non-Biased policing, and Training. Wecontinue to pursue these objectives. We believe that the sanctity of human life should be at theheart of everything an agency does. Many of the reform requests, such as “Eight Can’t Wait”,have been operational policy for a long time.Since then, the NCACP successfully implemented numerous strategies spearheading legislativechanges, advocating grant funding, overseeing strategic changes in law enforcement training, andproviding 21st Century Policing training for police chiefs. Some of those initiatives included:statewide non-biased based policing training; revisions to the state’s Basic Law EnforcementTraining program to include scenario-based reality training; working with legislators to enact lawenforcement video laws; promoting best practice policies for Body-Worn CameraImplementation; reengineering use of force tactics, and supporting Raise the Age legislation.These initiatives enhanced the professionalism of law enforcement resulting in comprehensivecultural changes in the profession. To build upon these initiatives, the NCACP recently formedthe Police Professionalism Working Group to make recommendations to police chiefs,legislators, and communities to address concerns after the tragic death of George Floyd inMinneapolis that sparked a national debate about police reform. An immediate response fromthe NCACP included a unanimous statement condemning the officer’s actions in the Floydencounter and publishing a NCACP Police Reform Public Safety Announcement detailing theAssociations initiatives and stakeholder roles on police accountability. The video received over30,000 views.In addition, many agencies are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for LawEnforcement Agencies (CALEA) that demonstrates police agencies’ commitment to excellencein law enforcement. The NCACP has been at the forefront of developing a statewideaccreditation process in order to be more cost effective and serve many additional agencies.In preparing this report, the work group reviewed information from the International Associationof Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives(NOBLE) and the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF). This report is intended as a guidefor law enforcement executives and public stakeholders on attainable and appropriaterecommendations to enhance existing 21st Century Policing principles and to address policingculture in North Carolina. NCACP has a new initiative to build on previous steps to improvepolice professionalism.2 Page
Members of the Workforce GroupChief MikeYaniero, Directorof Public Safety,Jacksonville,North CarolinaChairperson- NCACP PolicingProfessionalism WorkgroupPast President NCACP, 2017North Carolina Attorney General recipient ofthe Dogwood Award, 2019Chief Robert Hassell,DM, ReidsvillePolice Department,Reidsville, NorthCarolinaDoctorate in Management & OrganizationalLeadershipNCACP Past President 2016Commissioner Criminal Justice Training &Education Standards Commission3 PageChief John Letteney,Apex PoliceDepartment,Apex, North CarolinaIACP 3rd Vice PresidentNCACP Past President 2013Governor’s Appointee on the North CarolinaGovernor’s Task Force on Racial Equity inCriminal JusticeChief Dan House,North Carolina StateUniversity, Raleigh,North CarolinaNCACP Past President 2019
Chief DavidL. NCACP President 2020IACP 40 Under 40 award recipientCommissioner Criminal Justice Training &Education Standards CommissionChief ShawnFreeman, BlackMountain PoliceDepartment,Black Mountain,North CarolinaNCACP Region 1Director4 PageChief CatrinaThompson,Winston SalemPoliceDepartment,Winston Salem,North CarolinaNCACP Sergeant at ArmsPast Chairperson North Carolina SpecialOlympicsImmediate Past President of the MentalHealth Association of Forsyth County Boardof DirectorsChief TobyHarrison, HawRiver PoliceDepartment, HawRiver, NorthCarolinaNCACP Region 5Director
Executive SummarySeptember 1, 2020The NCACP has led efforts to improve policing and alleviate tensions between law enforcementand the public. To continue work on these objectives, the Working Group presents this reportand recommendations.The North Carolina Association of Chiefs of Police adopts the following Foundation Principlesand will pursue the described goals to achieve them.Foundation Principle OnePreservation of life is central to everything we do and the NCACP will reinforce thisphilosophy in police culture and training as a foundational principle.Goals:A.B.Create a culture of trust and racial equity in our community.1.The concept and methods of fair and impartial policing should be mandated inBasic Law Enforcement Training (BLET) and in-service training.2.Policies and training should incorporate the duty to intervene and reportmisconduct or misuse of force by another officer without fear of retribution to aidin the prevention of police misconduct.Preserve life in all use of force incidents.1.Use of force training should be comprehensively reformed to incorporatepreservation of life in every aspect of use of force, and to integrate the existingfragmented use of force techniques and tools into a comprehensive approach.2.Training in the preservation of life in crisis situations requires more thanclassroom instruction. De-escalation and use of force training should emphasizeactive scenario-based reality training that inculcates the objective of preservationof life and assesses an officer’s skills and decision-making. De-escalation, use offorce, and Crisis Intervention (CIT) training should be mandated in BLET and inservice training.5 Page
Foundation Principle TwoProfessionalism, ethics, integrity, and accountability will be instilled and reinforced asfoundational principles.Goals:A.B.Create a culture of excellence in every police agency by improving required policies andprocedures.1.The newly created North Carolina Law Enforcement Agency AccreditationProgram within the Criminal Justice Education and Training StandardsCommission (CJETSC) should receive adequate state financial support. TheAccreditation Program establishes voluntary comprehensive agency standards andoversight to ensure implementation of recommended policies and best practices toenhance professionalism.2.A resource professional should be funded by the state to assist law enforcementagencies in developing policies, procedures, and best practices to enhanceprofessionalism. This is most needed for smaller departments with limitedresources.3.Professionalism involves building trust and legitimacy in the served community,and many existing local community engagement programs are successful. Theseefforts should be enhanced and expanded through a state grant program to fundrobust and more numerous community engagement initiatives.Improve the quality and professionalism of our workforce.1.The Criminal Justice Fellows Program provides a pipeline for highly qualifiedcollege educated and diverse law enforcement recruits, and should be expanded ineligibility and funding.2.A police chief sets the culture and professionalism of the agency. The newlycreated New Chiefs Training course developed by NCACP in conjunction withthe N.C. Justice Academy fills the existing void in credentialing new policechiefs. It provides essential training to new and aspiring chiefs in executiveleadership and various subject areas necessary to be a successful professionalchief, and should be mandatory.3.Poorly performing officers (“bad cops”) exist, and they must be identified andeliminated from law enforcement. An agency considering an applicant should berequired to consult CJESTC information concerning officer disciplinary actions.6 Page
Explanation of RecommendationsFoundation Principle 1Preservation of LifePreservation of life must be at the heart of everything a law enforcement agency does. Lawenforcement must reinforce this principle in everything we do including training philosophies,policies, and application of policing. To reinforce this principle, NCACP recommendsfundamental changes in policing culture and training.Preserving LifeScenario Base Reality TrainingThe sanctity of human life should be at theheart of everything that our PoliceDepartments do. We are committed toconstantly reinforcing that goal andphilosophy. Law enforcement agenciesextensively trains (and re-trains) officers inuse of force and escalation techniques. Weneed to encourage agencies to no longerutilize the historic standard actions based onthe decision-making continuum of“shoot/don’t shoot”. That was theconventional wisdom for decades resulting inofficers frequently make split-seconddecisions that had life or death consequences.The re-engineered Use of Force principlesincludes Police Tactics Training, Response toResistance and Scenario Training, CrisisIntervention Training, making an assessmentof the situation and slowing the situationdown before acting, utilizing verbal deescalation strategies and communicating withthe subject to seek a resolution.Law enforcement can no longer accept theindependent silo training of varioustechniques and tools. Rather, training mustincorporate decision making under stress toproperly predict and evaluate how an officerwill likely respond to a given situation.NCACP encourages a critical decisionmaking model for all of our agencies.Training involving use of force must becomprehensively revised. Relevant trainingmust transition into more scenario-basedreality training that duplicates real encountersa law enforcement officer will likelyexperience. Assessing an officer’sknowledge, skills, ability, and decisionmaking are vital to reinforcing preservation oflife. Vital to this concept, is the instructor’srole to reinforce preservation of life decisionsto the extent feasible when actual life is inimminent danger.NCACP supports the current NCJA Job TaskAnalysis with additional emphasis to createintroductory BLET courses for CIT, biasedpolicing, and verbal de-escalation.NCACP recommends BLET, in-service andinstructor training programs incorporatereality-based role play training that evaluatescomprehension and decision making topreserve life.7 Page
De-escalation TrainingDuty to Render AidDe-escalation training is more than a buzzterm. It must become a meaningful policingapproach with proven effectiveness. In NorthCarolina, de-escalation training is fracturedinto several sub-set training course such asCrisis Intervention Team (CIT), Verbal deescalation/tactics, fair and impartial policing,and constitutional policing.Preservation of life must also include policies,training or applicable certifications forrending aid. In addition to requesting medicalcare, officers must receive training to renderlifesaving aid until advanced medical carearrives on scene.Combined, these courses equip officers tomake sound legal decisions whileincorporating appropriate methods to divertcertain events from criminal justice system.By de-escalating situations, law enforcementis able to predictively reduce use of forceencounters which could ultimately preservelife.NCACP recommends the development acomprehensive de-escalation training for lawenforcement.NCACP recommends all North Carolina lawenforcement officers obtain training in BasicFirst Aid & CPR.PRESERVATION OF LIFE MUST BE AT THE HEART OFEVERYTHING A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY DOES.8 Page
Foundation Principle 2Enhancing ProfessionalismProfessionalism is the cornerstone of the lawenforcement profession. Professionalismembeds ethics, integrity, accountability, andrespect for others. The InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Oathof Honor teaches officers these foundationalprinciples.IACP Oath of HonorOn my honor,I will never betray my badge,my integrity, my character,or the public trust.I will always havethe courage to hold myselfand others accountable for our actions.I will always uphold the constitutionmy community and the agency I serveWithin the culture of 21st Century Policing,North Carolina law enforcement has severalexisting methods of accountability to upholdethics, integrity and professionalism.9 PageNorth Carolina Criminal Justice Educationand Training Standards CommissionThe Commission plays a vital role inenhancing North Carolina law enforcementprofessionalism. The Commission iscomprised of 32 appointees representingdiverse perspectives and has the responsibilityto approve training, certify law enforcementprofessionals, and hold officersaccountable. In 2019, the Commissioninvestigated 129 allegations of officermisconduct.The Commission decertifies law enforcementofficers who violate established standards,including lack of good moral character.NCACP supports the Commission having apublic database of decertified officers, andmandating that agencies consult Commissioninformation concerning an applicant’sdisciplinary history.
State Accreditation of Law EnforcementAgenciesAccreditation standards for law enforcementare critical to maintaining accountability of alaw enforcement agency practices andpolicies. The Commission on Accreditationfor Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA), isan international accreditation that agenciescan voluntarily seek. CALEA accreditationreduces liability to agencies and ensuresoversight of proper policies and practices.For small law enforcement agencies, the costof CALEA accreditation exceeds fiscalcapabilities.North Carolina law enforcement agencieswho are insured by the North CarolinaLeague of Municipalities may seek the RiskManagement accreditation, at no cost. Thisaccreditation ensures participating agenciesimplement best practice policies that provideoversight, accountability, and reduceliability.Criminal Justice Fellows ProgramImplemented in 2018, the CJ Fellows programmirrors the Teaching Fellows programallowing applicants to attend obtain a fieldrelated college degree with loan forgiveness.Currently, the CJ Fellows program is onlyeligible to communities with less than 75,000population. The CJ Fellows program providesopportunity to recruit and retain highly trainedcriminal justice employees.The CJ Fellows program is an opportunity todevelop a well-trained law enforcementworkforce that reflects the diversity of thecommunities they serve.Other ways to develop a diverse work force isfor agencies to develop programs such aspolice explorers, cadets and internships.NCACP recommends the State establish agrants fund for police cadet programs.What is lacking in North Carolina is acomprehensive state wide AccreditationNCACP recommends expansion and increasedProgram for all local law enforcementfunding for the CJ Fellows program.agencies. While groundwork to develop sucha program exists, funding for administrativestaffing and implementation costs have notbeen provided. Now is a critical time foradequate funding to support a stateaccreditation for law local enforcementagenciesNCACP recommends the State of NorthCarolina provide funding and authority forthe Commission of a State Accreditation forLaw Enforcement.10 P a g e2019 CJ Fellows recipients andCJETSC Commissioners on the CJ FellowsCommittee
Mandatory New Chiefs TrainingRequire membership in NCACPCurrently, there here is no specific training orcredentialing of persons serving as a Chief ofPolice. NCACP piloted a New ChiefsTraining Course in 2019 in partnership withthe North Carolina Justice Academy. Thepilot program developed 21 hours ofexecutive level training including aspects ofprofessionalism, leadership, and varioussubject areas necessary to be an effectivechief. The New Chiefs Training Coursecertified 50 new or aspiring Chiefs of Policein its first program.The North Carolina Association of Chiefs ofPolice is committed to enhancing theprofessionalism of policing in North Carolina.The Association provides multifacetedavenues to inform members on importantlegislation, training, emerging trends, andguidance. Currently, approximately 220 ofthe 500 chiefs of police are members. It isimperative that all chiefs of police be activemembers of the Association. Police chiefs inNorth Carolina need the services provided bythe Association to ensure professionalism,ethics, legitimacy, provides best practicepolicies, and public trust is maintained in ourprofession.Similar to the North Carolina SheriffsAssociation’s Sheriff’s Institute, the NewChiefs Training Course is foundationaltraining for a law enforcement agency head.NCACP recommends completion of the NewChiefs course should be required soon after orprior to appointment as a police chief.11 P a g eNCACP recommends that NCACPmembership be mandated for Chiefs of Policein North Carolina
Professional Law Enforcement LiaisonA qualified resource person should be fundedby the State to assist local police departmentsin identifying and implementing policies, bestpractices, and training. Thirty percent of lawenforcement agencies in the state have lessthan 11 sworn law enforcement officers anddo not have the resources to identify andimplement desirable policies and procedures.The resource person could be a consultantunder the management of the NCACP, orattached to the North Carolina JusticeAcademy or UNC School of Government.NCACP recommends that the state fund aLaw Enforcement Liaison Consultant.12 P a g eIdentifying and Elimination of ProblemOfficersLaw enforcement officers who demonstratelack of adherence to established standards ofconduct must be eliminated from theprofession. Sometimes these officers areterminated from an agency and try to migrateto another law enforcement agency.NCACP recommends that consideration ofany applicant include mandatory review ofCJEST Commission disciplinary informationas a part of background investigations foremployment.
Community RelationsThe basic mission of law enforcement is to protect and serve the public. Law enforcement isonly as effective as relationships within the community. Those relationships must include allsegments of the community.Intentional Engagement with Communitiesof ColorRecognizing that communities of color oftendistrust law enforcement, agencies must becommitted to building relationships withinthe community. Innovative approaches tobuilding trust and legitimacy may require lawenforcement to get out of their comfort zone.Law enforcement must find meaningfulopportunities to build sustainablerelationships of trust, legitimacy and empathyas guardians of our communities.NCACP recommends that every police agencypursue initiatives to build levels ofunderstanding and mutual trust withindividuals and groups such as the NAAC,religious leaders, community activists, andlocal business owners and nonprofits to fosterengagement in communities of color.Agencies in the Triangle and Fayetteville, forexample, are hosting Barbershop RapSessions in Black-owned barbershops whereconversations between the police andcommunities of color are hosted to buildbridges of trust and legitimacy. This exampleof innovative community policing changesthe culture of policing by building mutualrespect for each other.Agencies should also ensure that communitypolicing programs such as Citizen PoliceAcademies include diversity of citizens.Citizen Police Academies should beeducational, informative, and shareinformation that helps dispel myths, rumors,and false perceptions of law enforcement.13 P a g eBarbershop Rap Session. Headliners, Cary, NCPhoto credit: WUNC 91.5 radio
Engage Youth & SpecialPopulationsLaw enforcement should buildcommunity policing programsinvolving youth, including specialpopulations. Building relationshipsof trust and legitimacy earlier in thelives of young people helps to breakdown systemic barriers of distrust.Programs such as Police AthleticLeagues, Police Explorers, YouthCitizen Police Academies, coachingyouth sports and engagement withSROs provide non-enforcementopportunities to build relationships.Winston Salem Police Bomb Squad Commander usesbeeping Easter eggs for visually impaired children.Photo credit: Winston Salem JournalEngaging special populations ofyouth is vital in engaging allsegments of the community. Eventssuch as Cops CARE (Cops AutismRecreation Event) or innovativeapproaches such as the WinstonSalem Police Bomb Squad “beepingegg” hunt for blind children, areexamples of how departments canengage special populations.NCACP recommends that the Stateprovide a grant program for agenciesto develop and host communityengagement initiatives.Roxboro Police Department Cops CARE eventhosting a respite for families with autistic children.Haw River Police Department National Night Out 201914 P a g e
ConclusionThe North Carolina Association of Chiefs of Police continues its efforts to improve lawenforcement in North Carolina, and presents this Principles and Recommendations on theEvolution of 21st Century Policing information and recommendations in furtherance of thisobjective. To meet the challenges facing policing today and into the future, the NCACP wants tobe clear that our goal is to preserve life and improve the quality of life in the communities inwhich we work and police. In addition, the NCACP is committed to provide the elements ofprocedural fairness to foster trust in the authorities’ motives. This involves treating citizens withdignity and respect, a sense of decision-maker neutrality and providing citizens with anopportunity to participate in the decision.More than 160 attendees received Constitutional Policing training from the Police ExecutiveResearch Forum. Annually, the Association trains hundreds of police chiefs and their commandstaff on a variety of legal, community policing, and executive level training needs.North Carolina Association of Chiefs of Police Training Conference 2018.15 P a g e
enhance professionalism. 2. A resource professional should be funded by the state to assist law enforcement agencies in developing policies, procedures, and best practices to enhance professionalism. This is most needed for smaller departments with limited resources. 3. Professionalism involves building trust and legitimacy in the served community,
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