TRANSFORMING UK INDUSTRIES - Nesta
TRANSFORMING UK INDUSTRIES
EILEEN BURBIDGE CHAIR, TECH CITY UKAND PARTNER, PASSION CAPITALGERARD GRECH CEO, TECH CITY UKWelcome to Tech Nation 2016, our second annual publicationon the UK’s digital economy.Fuelled by a strong digital growth trajectory, the UK is an evolvingTech Nation. The 2016 report demonstrates the clear contributionthat digital technology is making to employment in digital andtraditional industries, and to the economy across the country.The opportunities are enormous if we are to fulfil our potentialas a nation driven by digital tech innovation. The journey startswith knowing what we have to offer and where we need to getto, working with a highly supportive Government to create theoptimum set of conditions for continued growth.The response from the digital community and their eagernessto share data in support of Tech Nation 2016 has beenphenomenal. The entire team at Tech City UK would like to thankour research partner Nesta, and project partners GrowthIntel,Github, AngelList, Burning Glass, Crunchbase, dealroom.co,Frontier Economics, InvestNI, Leeds Data City, Meetup & Multipleand everyone who participated in this research project.The picture painted by Tech Nation 2016 reflects the corevalues of the digital mindset – always changing, innovating andoptimising. The result is an industry worth celebrating.GEOFF MULGAN CEO, NESTADigital technologies are unlike any others– they change everything businesses do.That's why, as this research confirms, digitaljobs and activity are becoming ever moreimportant in traditionally non-digital areasof the economy – from retail to financialservices and the public sector.The team at Nesta led on the collectionand analysis of the data and drafting of TechNation 2016, crunching the numbers behind thefantastic graphics in this report. It's a snapshotof a fast-expanding area of the economy, withover 80% of clusters seeing growth in turnoveror jobs in the last year alone.Perhaps the most striking message in TechNation 2016 is the extent to which digital skillsnow bring big rewards, with the average digitaljob offering salaries over 15,000 higher thannon-digital jobs. Nesta has been campaigningfor many years to promote digital making andcoding skills, promoting computer science inthe curriculum, and code clubs of all kinds. Hereis powerful evidence that I hope will persuadeparents and young people to take up digitalskills – and not just help themselves to earnand achieve more, but also help the UK becomeeven more of a technological powerhousein the future.@TECHCITYUK / @NESTATECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTA\2CONTENTS3 FOREWORD4 ABOUT US6 INTRODUCTION8 IN NUMBERS10 KEY FINDINGS26 FUELLING GROWTH32 PROFILING THEUK DIGITALLANDSCAPE104 PROFILING DIGITALSECTORS114 METHODOLOGY118 GLOSSARY120 PROGRAMMEOVERVIEW122 PROJECT PARTNERS124 COMMUNITYPARTNERSBritain’s world leading tech sector givesus a competitive edge that is not justtransforming our daily lives but also oureconomy – we are a becoming a true TechNation. It’s also helping us to transform theway Government works.We’ve seen some real successes with TechCity UK, but this is not purely about specialiststartups and digital businesses. Tech is trulytransforming the way we do all kinds ofbusiness, right across the country.Indeed, more than half of all digital jobs nowaren’t in high-tech hubs of London or Leeds –they are in businesses of every description, inevery sector – in those that would not traditionallybe considered digital businesses at all.The digital economy is expanding at anextraordinary pace, creating jobs and fuellinggrowth in regions and cities up and downthe country, adding some 87 billion to theeconomy and every year, providing security andopportunities for working people.This Government has stood foursquarebehind the country’s digital transformation,backing new technologies, investing ininfrastructure, supporting investment, removingbarriers to innovation and helping upgradethe digital skills that a modern work forceneeds. And we will continue to back, with alllevers at our disposal, the innovation, creativityand entrepreneurship that is redefining andstrengthening the modern British economy.FOREWORD\5THE RT HON DAVID CAMERON MPTHE PRIME MINISTER
ABOUT USCORE PROJECT PARTNERSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\6TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTA@TechCityUKNesta is the UK’s innovationfoundation. We help peopleand organisations bringgreat ideas to life. We do thisby providing investmentsand grants and mobilisingresearch, networks andskills. We are an independentcharity and our work isenabled by an endowmentfrom the National Lottery.Nesta is a registered charityin England and Wales1144091 and ScotlandSC042833.This work contains statistical data fromONS which is Crown Copyright. The use ofthe ONS statistical data in this work does notimply the endorsement of the ONS in relation tothe interpretation or analysis of the statistical data.This work uses research datasets which may notexactly reproduce National Statistics k@nesta ukTech City UK project team: Emma Swift,Lyndsay Baker, Pan Demetriou, Ryan Procter,Lindy Pyrah, Francesca Cahill, Amita Parikhand Elizabeth Diaferia.Nesta research team and report authors;Hasan Bakhshi, Juan Mateos-Garcia andMadeleine Gabriel with assistance from JohnDavies and Stian Westlake and thanks toMatthew Williams for his input to the analysis.Thanks to our data partners for assistance inthe research; Tom Gatten, Prashant Majmudarand Sam Stephens at GrowthIntel; Andy Chungat Angellist; Hal Bonella at Burning Glass; GeneTeare at Crunchbase; Ian Hathaway at FrontierEconomics; the open data from Meetup andGithub; David Greer and Maureen McGuigan atInvestNI; and Alex Craven at Leeds Data City.Thanks to our communication partners; KatyTurner at Multiple, Nick Giles, Eleanor Dampier,Jack Davies and Matthew Rowlands at SevenHills, and to our copywriters Hattie Garlick andHelena Smith. Thanks to our designers RobinWorrall at Seven Hills, and Zarina Holmes.Thanks to The Hon. Ed Vaizey MP, HM Ministerfor Culture, Communications and CreativeIndustries; The Rt Hon. Lord Maude, Minister ofState for Trade and Investment; Liam Maxwell,GDS; Daniel Korski and Chris Hopkins at No.10Downing Street; Andrea Young and Harry Lund,Department for Culture, Media and Sport, fortheir support on the Tech Nation project.We’d like to extend our gratitude to the 1800 businesses who completed our survey, and tothe 36 businesses featured as case studies.Thanks to the 135 community partners (seepage 124) who helped promote the surveyand to those who participated in the researchinterviews (see page 117). Thanks to those whoprovided additional oversight and content forthe report; our Tech North colleagues (LauraBennett, Paul Lancaster and Coral Grainger), theTech Nation Alliance who continue to supporttheir local tech communities, Jon Bradford,Jonathan Brech, Louize Clarke, Emma Cheshire,Neil Cocker, Jamie Coleman, John Connolly,Charlotte Crossley, Bonnie Dean, Matt Desmier,David Dunn, Katie Gallagher, Tony Hart, Mike Hall,David Hartley, Michael Hayes, Liz Humphries,Matt Johnston, Phil Jones, Fiona Lettice, KevinMcManus, Nick Milner, Jim Moodie, Steve Orr,Joe Pearce, Emma Philpott, Ben Ravilious, AlanScrase, Lee Strafford, Nick Sturge, Sophie Taylor,Steve Wainwright, Amy Watson, Tristan Watson,Doug Ward and Belinda TYUK / @NESTAWe believe the UK is the best place to start and growa digital business. Through dedicated programmes, wesupport the digital technology sector’s need for skills,infrastructure, and investment. We gather and sharevital information, which informs policymakers. We givedigital entrepreneurs a national and local voice. Our workaccelerates the growth of digital businesses, in Londonand across the UK, at all stages of their development.You can see our work in action with Future Fifty, DigitalBusiness Academy, Tech Nation, Upscale, the TechNation Visa Scheme, Tech Nation Cluster Alliance, HQ-UKand Northern Stars, as developed and delivered by oursister team Tech North. We aim to make life better forthe digital entrepreneur.
What’s New\8Digital tech businesses are at the heart ofthe UK economy and are playingan important role in driving growth.The impact of this dynamic sector isprofound, predicated on a fundamentalbelief in innovation and doing thingsdifferently. Digital tech businessesare transforming the employment landscape,driving productivity, and reimaginingtraditional industries.Last year, Tech City UK conducted one of themost comprehensive, community-led researchprojects into the growth of digital tech clusters.This was the start of an iterative processdesigned to reflect the constantly evolvingnature of technology in the UK’s businesslandscape.In partnership with Nesta for Tech Nation2016, Tech City UK has tracked clusters togauge the UK’s Digital Tech Economy. To get acomprehensive insight into digital employment,we’ve analysed data from Government, jobadvertisements and official ONS data, allowingus to understand the impact of the digitaltechnology economy on wider business,employment, and economic trends. A fullbreakdown of the methodology behind theresearch can be found on page 114.The findings of this report shows thecontinued growth of digital tech clusters. Thesefindings are focused upon the areas wheredigital technology businesses are having thegreatest impact: economic growth, employment,productivity and the digital disruption oftraditional industries.At the heart of Tech Nation 2016 is a detailedoverview of the sector specialisms, benefits andchallenges in 27 notable digital tech clustersacross the country. Details of the unique DNAof each cluster sit alongside headline statisticsaround employment, turnover and averagesalaries. This is designed to compare andcontrast the key digital tech clusters that shapeour Tech Nation. The report also turns its eyes tothe sectors in which the UK is excelling.Ultimately, Tech Nation 2016 demonstratesa Digital Tech Economy that is transformingBritish business for individuals, cities and thecountry as a whole. We hope this landmarkreport is an invaluable resource for the networkof professionals, entrepreneurs, investors andpolicymakers that make up the digital techcommunity.Includes all jobs within the Digital TechIndustries and digital tech jobs withintraditionally non-digital industriesDigital TechIndustriesTraditional (non-digital)IndustriesIncludes businesses operating indigital technology according to theONS, such as computer programmingactivities, publishing of computergames, etc.Includes businesses operating innon-digital industries according tothe ONS, such as wholesale andretail trade, education, etc.There are three job types within the Digital Tech Economy*NativeDigital job in digitaltech industries(Front-end developer in asoftware company)SupportNon-digital job in digitaltech industries(Marketing Manager in a dataanalytics company)TransformerDigital job in traditionalindustries(Data Scientist in thepublic sector)For further information, see methodology, pg 116-119WHAT IS ADIGITAL TECH BUSINESS?Business that provides a digital technicalservice/product/platform/hardware, or heavilyrelies on it, as its primary revenue source.They are active across the economy01Operating indigital sectors pps and softwareAdevelopment, datamanagement and analytics02Disrupting traditionalindustriesPublic sector, film andbroadcast media*See Nesta/Tech UK (2015), 'Dynamic mapping of the information economy industries'03Creating newsub-sectorsEdtech, Fintech@TECHCITYUK / @NESTATECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTAINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS THEDIGITAL TECH ECONOMY?\9Tech Nation 2016 has appliedthe data-driven approachof the first Tech Nationto a much wider set ofinformation. Led by Nesta,this year’s report analysesdata from the Office ofNational Statistics, BurningGlass online job ad database,GitHub, Meetup users andGrowthIntel’s pioneeringwebsite analysis. Theresult is an unprecedentedunderstanding of the DigitalTech Economy and its impacton employment, productivityand GVA.
DIGITAL TURNOVERTOTAL3IN PARTNERSHIP WITHLONDON80% 62.4bnREADING & BRACKNELL 10bnIN NUMBERSDIGITAL TECHINDUSTRIES 161bn1turnover2.8x\ 10TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTAJob creationfaster than the rest of theeconomy (2011-2014)3higher than the nationaladvertised average241%1234Digital TechEconomy jobsexist withintraditionallynon-digitalindustries1Annual Population Survey (2014)Burning Glass (2015) refers to advertised digital salaryAnnual Business Survey/Business Structure Database (2014)GrowthIntel (2015) 2.2bnBIRMINGHAM 1.8bnSOUTHAMPTON 180% 153%32%DUNDEEGrew 32%faster thanthe rest ofthe economy(2010-2014)3identified active digitaltech businesses4417%12%11.5%App & SoftwareDevelopmentData Management& AnalyticsHardware, Devices& Open SourceHardware(See page 32 fordefinition of cluster)DIGITAL TURNOVERGROWTH (2010-2014)3TRURO, REDRUTH & CAMBORNE 50,000 58,00036%TOP SECTORSAlmost 50K averageadvertised salary2Over 80% of TechNation clusters haveseen growth in digitalturnover, digitaljobs and advertiseddigital salariesMANCHESTER 129%58,000digital techbusinessesfound acrossthe UKLONDON 101%BRISTOL & BATH 53%DIGITAL JOBS1TOTALPRODUCTIVITY3(SALES PER WORKER)DIGITAL SALARY2GROWTH (2012-2015)LONDONBRISTOL & BATHLEEDSMANCHESTERLONDONNEWCASTLE & DURHAMREADING & BRACKNELLREADING & RISTOL & 47 296,340 205,390 196,800 171,720 170,460 29% 27% 26% 26% 25%@TECHCITYUK / @NESTA1.56m jobs 8.2bn\ 11DIGITAL TECHECONOMYBRISTOL & BATH
GlossaryGVAGross Value Addedmeasures thecontribution of eacheconomic unit byestimating the valueof an output (goodsor services) lessthe value of inputsused in that output’sproduction process.It is used in theestimation of GDPTurnoverThe amount ofmoney taken by abusiness over a yearKEY FINDINGSBuilding on last year’s inaugural report,Tech Nation 2016 is the most ambitiousdata-driven mapping of the UK’s digitaltech ecosystem to date.Our key findings are:01 DIGITAL TECH:DRIVING THE ECONOMYDigital Tech Industries are a key contributorto the UK’s economy, growing faster inturnover, GVA and productivity thanthe rest of the economy.02 FROM DIGITAL INDUSTRIESTO DIGITAL ECONOMYDigital technologies are transforming businessesbeyond the Digital Tech Industries.03 GROWING OPPORTUNITY:DIGITAL TALENT AND SKILLS04 THE POWER OF CLUSTERSAND NETWORKS@TECHCITYUK / @NESTAClusters of digital tech businesses are playinga key role in supporting growth across UKcities, growing at a faster rate than theirlocal economies.\ 13\ 12TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTAThe Digital Tech Economy is creating highly paidemployment opportunities across the UK, almostthree times faster than the rest of the economy.
The Digital Tech Economy is powering growth;employment is rising faster than the rest of theeconomy. Digital Tech Industries have seen fastgrowth in turnover and GVA.2.8xJOBS:DIGITAL TECH ECONOMYThere are 1.56 million jobs in the Digital TechEconomy, covering all jobs in the Digital TechIndustries and digital tech jobs within TraditionalIndustries. This continues to outpace the rest ofthe economy: jobs grew 11.2% between 2011and 2014 which is 2.8x faster than the rest ofthe workforce.These jobs can be found across the country;80% are based outside of London.Job growth11% 161bnestimated turnover of theDigital Tech Industries in20141. Digital Tech Industries’ GVA and growth year-on-year1.56mjobs exist within theDigital Tech EconomyYearlygrowth-2.9% 1.1% 5.2% 4.2% 8.7% 7.4%2014 87Bn2013 81Bn2012 74.5Bn2011 71.5Bn@TECHCITYUK / @NESTATech City UK, Nesta, ABS, 20152010digital tech businessesare outside London 68BnData from GrowthIntel identifies 58,000 activedigital tech businesses within the UK. 75% ofthese operate outside of London.75%2009VOLUME:DIGITAL TECH BUSINESSES 67.2Bn4%2008Jobs inother sectorsfaster growth indigital turnover thanthe national average(2010 - 2014)In 2014, the GVA of the nation’s Digital TechIndustries was estimated at 87 billion.Between 2010 and 2014 GVA grew 27%, addingan additional 19 billion to the economy (seechart 1). Over the same period, jobs in the DigitalTech Industries were 90% more productivethan jobs in the economy overall.Similarly, there has been rapid growthin turnover. In 2014, turnover of Digital TechIndustries was estimated at 161 billion. It grew32% faster than the national average between2010 and 2014.\ 15\ 14TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTADigital TechEconomy jobsfaster job growth in theDigital Tech Economycompared to the rest ofthe economy32%GROWTH:DIGITAL TECH INDUSTRIES 69.2BnKEY FINDINGS01DIGITAL TECH:DRIVING THE ECONOMY
KEY FINDINGSFROM DIGITAL INDUSTRIESTO DIGITAL ECONOMY02The Digital Tech Economy is creating newindustries and transforming existing ones.3. Proportion of digital tech businesses in traditional industries (%)44.7% Marketing, PR and design38.5% Science and high tech35.9% Aerospace and defence33.2% Film and broadcast mediaThe Digital Tech Economy is increasingly diverse,encompassing digital tech businesses anddigital workers across all industries. Our analysisshows the extent to which digital innovation ishaving an impact across businesses and thepeople working for them.The Digital Tech Economy is increasinglydiverse. We have identified 16 different sectorswithin the UK (see chart 2); App & softwaredevelopment, Data management & Analytics,and hardware, Devices & open source hardwareare currently the nation’s largest.New ‘born digital’ sub-sectors, such asgames and cloud computing are forming.Equally exciting are the innovations that areevolving within traditional industries and formingnew sub-sectors, like Fintech and Healthtech.32.4% Electronics equipment and instruments20.1% Electronic parts and components18.4% Publishing and print17.9% Consumer goods16.5% Sports and leisure15.7% Civic and social organisations15.6% Consultancy and advice15.1% Business support services14.7% Pharmaceuticals and biotechTRANSFORMING THE BUSINESS LANDSCAPE2. Sector specialisms of digital tech businesses (% breakdown)16.7% App & software development11.7% Data management & analytics11.3% Hardware, devices & open source hardware8.5% Enterprise software & cloud computing13.1% Facilities services12.7% Agriculture, fisheries and industrial food productions12.5% Professional training11.1% Finance11% Arts and music9.9% Recruitment and HR9.1% EducationTech City UK, Nesta, GrowthIntel, 20158.2% Digital advertising & marketing7.7% E-commerce & marketplace6.3% Digital media & entertainment5.0% Fintech1.8% Gaming1.3% Online gambling1.3% Social networks0.9% IoT & connected devices0.6% Edtech0.4% HealthtechTech City UK, Nesta, GrowthIntel, 2015From the industrial revolution to the emergenceof mass production techniques, the adoption ofnew technologies in non-tech industries has drivenproductivity throughout history. Today, in the UK,we are witnessing one of these periods of change.According to data from GrowthIntel (see chart 3),44.7% of businesses operating within marketing, PR anddesign, and 33% operating within film and broadcastmedia, are now primarily digital technology businesses.Likewise, 18% of businesses in publishing, 17% inconsumer goods and 16.5% in sports and leisure arealso digital technology businesses.45%of marketing,PR and designcompanies arenow digital techbusinesses@TECHCITYUK / @NESTA5.1% Cyber security\ 17\ 16TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTA8.3% Telecommunications & networking
65,87002EducationOfficeadministrationFinancial nalIndustries52%Digital TechIndustries48%of Digital TechEconomy jobs arewithin traditionalIndustriesSee page 9 for further informationTech City UK, Nesta, APS, 2015Of the 1.56 million jobs in the Digital TechEconomy, 41% or as many as 648,000 digitaltech jobs are within traditional industries(see chart 4) Within these industries digitaltech jobs make up a growing percentage oftheir workforce, notably in Programming andbroadcasting and Scientific research (see chart5) Looking at total numbers, the top employersof digital tech jobs include the Public Sector andEducation (see chart 6).Retail341%This trend highlights how traditional industriesare adapting to society’s growing reliance ondigital technology. E-commerce is one powerfulexample. Looking at the GrowthIntel data, over40% of traditional fashion businesses now useE-commerce to expand their trade, along with32% of consumer goods businesses and 14% offood and drink retail businesses.5. % proportion of digital tech jobs within traditional industriesOther financial services andinsurance activities23public administration and defence; compulsory social securityexcept insurance and pension fundingexcept motor vehicles and motorcyclesOnline job market data from Burning Glassreveals a similar story. Between 2012 and 2015,the number of adverts for digital jobs acrosstraditional industries grew by 34%. Those withinthe health sector, which witnessed the greatestgrowth, rose by an astonishing 109.8% (see chart7). Public administration, defence and socialsecurity rose by 90.3% and financial services byan almost as impressive 78.5%.446.6% Repair and installation of machinery and equipment4.9% Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activitiesTech City UK, Nesta, APS, 2014In 2015 over a third of digital job adverts werein traditional industries. Chart 8 shows the largestvolume of digital job adverts were for roles withinFinancial service activities, Education and Humanhealth services.12406 Education8.8% Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding6.4% Activities of head offices; management consultancy activitiesTech City UK, Nesta, Burning Glass12415 Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding9712 Human health services7.9% Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except complusory social security6.8% Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply110%8. Top 10 traditional industries by volume of online digital job adverts9.1% Scientific research and development7.4% Advertising and market researchHealthcare90%This analysis is based on the SIC divisions of businesses advertisingfor digital jobs. It is important to note that that this data is notavailable for all job ads. In the most recent period analysed(January-September 2015), there is industry data for 39%(375,000) of the digital job ads we have analysed.10.3% Programming and broadcasting activities78% Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance alservices34,210Digital Tech Jobs (excluding support):Industry breakdown59%8465 Public administration and defence, compulsory social security7757 Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security7384 Retail trade, except for motor vehicles and motorcycles6136Advertising and market research5682 Office administrative, office support and other business support activities4707 Scientific research and development4394 Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activitiesTech City UK, Nesta, Burning Glass, 2015@TECHCITYUK / @NESTADigital Tech Economy:Job breakdownTECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTAAdvertisingand MarketResearch48,0104. Digital Tech Economy jobs breakdown\ 18Public Administration160,520TRANSFORMING THE EMPLOYMENT LANDSCAPE7. D igital ad growth in traditional industries(according to the online job market)\ 19KEY FINDINGS6. Digital jobs within the top 5 employersof digital talent (traditional industries)
Across the UK, the Digital Tech Economyis creating job opportunities for a rangeof skill sets.AVERAGE DIGITAL TECH SALARIESAccording to Burning Glass data, over a million onlineadverts for digital jobs were placed in the UK in the firstnine months of 2015. The average advertised salary forthese roles was just under 50,000, 36% higher thanthe national average. An evident ‘digital premium’ existsacross the country (see chart 9) and salaries are rising.36%higher advertisedsalary for digitalroles, than thenational average\ 20TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTA9. Advertised digital salaries (top 20 Tech Nation clusters) 58,978 London 51,575 Reading & Bracknell 51,227 Edinburgh 48,127 Southampton 47,959 Leeds 47,499 Oxford 47,185 Cambridge 46,854 Glasgow 45,501 Bristol & Bath 45,205 Manchester 44,068 Newcastle & Durham 43,274 Brighton 42,926 Cardiff & Swansea 42,153 Liverpool 42,097 Ipswich 42,058 Sheffield & Rotherham 41,538 Birmingham 39,695 Exeter 39,000 Sunderland 38,069 DundeeTech City UK, Nesta, Burning Glass, 201510. H ighest growth of advertised digitalsalaries among Tech Nation clusters (2012-2015)Leeds 29%Newcastle & Durham 27%Sunderland 26%Edinburgh 26%Southampton 25%80%of clusters haveseen advertiseddigital salaries risingfaster than the localaverageTech City UK, Nesta, Burning GlassThe average advertised salary for digitalroles grew by 13% between 2012 and 2015,19% faster than the average advertised salaryfor non-digital roles. This pattern occurs acrossthe country: 77% of the digital tech clusters weidentified have seen average advertised salariesfor digital roles increase by more than 10%, withthe highest advertised salary growth occurringin Leeds (see chart 10).In fact, advertised digital salaries rose fasterthan the local average in 8 out of 10 of thecluster areas we analysed, in particular Belfast,Southampton and Glasgow.Demand for digital talent shows no signs ofslowing. In fact, while the need for specific rolesvaries, 43% of digital tech businesses say thatskills shortages are limiting their growth.11. D ifference between advertised digital salary growth and advertisedlocal average salary growth, 2012-2015 (Top 10 clusters by growth)14.8% Belfast12.7% Southampton11.6% Glasgow9.5% Truro, Redruth & Camborne8.4% Oxford8.1% Bristol7.9% Leeds7.9% Manchester7.4% Exeter & Newton Abbot7.2% EdinburghTech City UK, Nesta, Burning Glass, 2015@TECHCITYUK / @NESTA03GROWING OPPORTUNITY:DIGITAL TALENT AND SKILLS\ 21KEY FINDINGSDIGITAL TECH SALARY GROWTH
KEY FINDINGSDIGITAL TECH SPECIALISMS FOR INDIVIDUALS13. Importance of sources for skills development according to digital tech businesses0366.5% Self-taught programming60.1% In-house training43.7% Mentoring38.6% Online trainingATTRACTING DIGITAL TECH TALENT26.8% Local universities15.6% External training12. W here digital tech businesses source talent(Tech Nation 2016 Survey)15.4% UK Universities53.1% Experienced talent from a local cluster35.8% Universities in a local cluster35.2% Online29.7% Experienced talent from the UK19.3% EU18.4% Recruiters15.6% UK Universities15.6% Non-EUTech City UK, Nesta, Tech Nation 2016 SurveyTech City UK, Nesta, Tech Nation 2016 SurveyInformal or in-house training remains themost common source of skills development, withuniversities ranking relatively low (see chart 13).Again, there is a divergence amongclusters. Businesses in Leeds (77%), Norwich(73%) and Reading & Bracknell (71%) heavilyrely on company in-house training for skillsdevelopment. Meanwhile self-taught learningis viewed as most important in Edinburgh (81%)and Glasgow (79%).In software development activities, this‘self-taught’ cohort is enabled’ in large part byonline open source platforms. Github is the keyopen-source platform for developers, with morethan 18,000 active users in the UK. Chart 14reveals high user activity is concentrated aroundthe key digital tech clusters such as London,Cambridge, Manchester, Oxford, Brighton, Bristol& Bath, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Belfast.* Bournemouth & Poole, Truro, Redruth & Camborne, andReading & Bracknell not included due to limited dataRRubyScalaShellTexVimL-2@TECHCITYUK / @NESTATech City UK, Nesta, GitHub, 2015PPy erlthonCCSSCoffe C eS criptGoHTMLJa Java vaScM ripOb ak tje efilective CPHPCivedigital techbusinesses sourcetalent from localuniversities0ct1in32.5Objeof digital techbusinesses saythat EU countries(beyond the UK) arean important sourceof talentTo counter the skills demand, UK digital techbusinesses are recruiting from diverse sources (seechart 12).Areas such as Reading & Bracknell, Cambridge andLondon in particular, are hiring from overseas, includingboth EU and non-EU countries. Whilst in Brighton,Bournemouth & Poole, and Bristol & Bath, experiencedtalent from local cluster is cited as the most commonsource. Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh and Sheffield arealso more reliant on local universities for talent.Yet despite the role of universities in supplyingtechnical talent, more than 50% of the universities withinthe identified clusters produce fewer computer sciencegraduates than the national average given the size oftheir student base.Dundee, Ipswich, Sunderland, Glasgow, Belfast andBournemouth & Poole all produce disproportionatenumbers of computer science graduates. Bristol & Bath,Cambridge, Reading & Bracknell, Newcastle, Norwichand Oxford, meanwhile punch above their weight inmaths and physics disciplines, which are also integral tothe Digital Tech Economy.\ 23\ 22TECH NATION 2016 / FROM TECH CITY UK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NESTA20%BelfastBirminghamBrightonBristol & BathCambridgeCardiff & SwanseaDundeeEdinburghExeter & Newton terNewcastle & DurhamNorwichOxfordSheffield & RotherhamSouthamptonSunderlandWorcester & MalvernSpecialisation: Logged14. C oncentration of programming language specialisationamong Github users in Tech Nation clusters*
CLUSTERS: THE KEY BENEFITS17. Key Benefits across Tech Nation clusters (national average %)63%1 This list doesn’t include all areas wit
games, etc. Includes businesses operating in non-digital industries according to the ONS, such as wholesale and retail trade, education, etc. Digital Tech Industries Traditional (non-digital) Industries Digital job in digital tech industries (Front-end developer in a software company) Non-digital job in digital tech industries
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