Advanced Nonlinear And Multiphysics Analysis
BrochureMarcAdvanced nonlinear and multiphysics analysis
Nonlinear analysis forimproved designsNature is nonlinear. Using Marc, accurately capture the inherent nonlinear behavior of your designsto improve product quality, reduce your testing costs, and improve reliability incorporating the trueproduct environment.Marc, the dedicated nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) solver from MSC Software, is designedto simulate complex engineering processes incorporating nonlinear behavior of materials,geometry and boundary conditions. Through its innovative simulation tools, Marc offers solutionsto your toughest nonlinear problems, saves you time, and improves your productivity.2Manufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.com
Why Marc for nonlinear FEAAccurate nonlinear analysisProducts are designed to withstand multiple loading scenarios under various environmentalconditions. Hence, it is important to be able to simulate these conditions in order to get a clearerpicture of the product behavior and to improve your designs. Marc offers a broad class of solutionprocedures that you can use to virtually simulate the desired testing conditions and service loads.The industry proven, state of the art methodologies are designed to provide you with accuracy andefficiency that you require in your development process.Nonlinear material modelsThe spectrum of engineering materials in use is growing, and so is the need for extensive testingof products designed with these materials. Customizable materials like composites, plastics,elastomers, and new metal like shape memory alloys are helping engineers improve their productswhile operating under engineering constraints.Marc provides users the ability to model a broad range of materials, including metals, shapememory alloys, super-plastic materials, composites, wood, plastics, rubbers, glass, concrete,powder, metals, and many more. The models incorporate temperature effects, rate effects, anddamage so they can accurately predict the behavior throughout a product’s operating range.Marc also offers an easy approach to implement new material models that used in state of the artdesigns and research. So, whether your designs use metals like steel and aluminum or complexmaterials like composites, solder, or foams, Marc provides you with industry accepted materialmodels to accurately model their behavior.mscsoftware.com hexagonmi.com Manufacturing Intelligence3
Accurate nonlinear analysisAs newer materials are used in designs to benefit from their unique properties, it also becomesimportant to model the physics that control their behavior. For example, piezoelectric materialsaccumulate electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress, and this phenomenon is used insensors, actuators, and motors. Also, the phenomenon of Joule heating or resistive heating due to theelectric energy converted to heat has multiple applications including cooking plates and automotivedefroster grids.The multiphysics capability of Marc, when combined with its superior nonlinear structuralanalysis, provides more accurate results leading to better designs of your structural systems.Marc can be used to couple structural, thermal, magnetostatics, electrostatics, induction heating,electromagnetic and fluids (laminar flow with small structural deformation) behaviors. The couplingcapabilities are highly useful to improve the accuracy of manufacturing simulations like welding,curing, and forming.Easy to set up contact analysisAlmost all designs involve interaction with other components within an assembly or interactionbetween assemblies transferring forces across the contact zones. In a nonlinear analysis, forcedirection and magnitude along with the contact zone often change continuously. For analysisaccuracy, it is critical to study the normal contact stresses and the shear stresses transmittedduring the component interaction.Marc offers a unique approach in tackling this tough problem with the use of smart proceduresand easy modeling. Intuitive and easy contact body definitions and automatic contact boundarydetection relieve users of the burden to create contact interfaces or define master and slavesurfaces. Since Marc is designed to handle both small sliding and large sliding between contactbodies with a single algorithm, users do not need to be concerned about the approach they needto use for their specific problem. Smarter procedures which do not sacrifice performance makefor less work for users, while providing improved accuracy.Failure analysis for better productsPrediction and investigation of failure is an essential step in product design. Knowing whatcaused failure helps improve future designs and extend product life. Multiple damage models areavailable for brittle materials such as concrete, ductile metals, and rubber materials. Advancedcomposite materials provide new challenges. The Failure and Fracture mechanics technologyin Marc allows engineers to predict matrix, fiber, and delamination failures. Advanced fracturemechanics capabilities help to predict both crack initiation and crack propagation. Theseprocedures may be used with a wide range of materials and for virtually all geometries. Thisprovides you the tools to ensure reliable, safe designs4Manufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.com
Performance for improved productivityMarc enables higher productivity through solver efficiencies delivered on multiple fronts. First,Marc helps users achieve higher efficiency through state of the art solver technology. With thefalling cost of multi-core systems, parallel processing is increasingly accessible to small andmedium businesses operating in a desktop environment. To help users make full use of theirhardware, Marc provides parallel solvers to everyone at no additional cost. Parallelization canalso be used for the element assembly and stress recovery steps to reduce the wall time for thenonlinear analysis.Finally, through its unique implementation of domain decomposition method whereby the modelis broken into smaller pieces and solved in entirety on separate processors, Marc goes beyondtraditional parallelization techniques common in industry. With this approach, all the steps of FEAprocess including, input, stiffness matrix assembly, matrix solution, stress recovery, and outputare executed in parallel on shared memory or distributed memory systems helping achievesuperlinear scalability for your large models. Reducing wall time will result in more efficientsimulations and better designsAutomatic adaptive meshingDuring manufacturing processes or sealing applications, and fracture mechanics, the materialundergoes severe deformation due to the applied loads or contact forces. These deformationscan be so large that the finite element mesh could become highly distorted leading to inaccuracyof results. Marc offers an innovative solution to overcome this problem through the use ofautomatic remeshing.During the analysis, if elements become severely distorted, Marc automatically creates a newmesh from the deformed boundary. The state of the material (stresses, strains, deformations)along with contact conditions are transferred to the new, well structured mesh, and the analysisis continued. This process is repeated as many times as necessary without user interventionallowing you to solve tougher, complex nonlinear problems.CustomizationMarc provides the ability to customize the analysis software through the use of user subroutines.Over 200 are available to incorporate advanced material models, load and boundary conditions,or element technology. The GUI – can be easily customized using Pythonmscsoftware.com hexagonmi.com Manufacturing Intelligence5
Easy to use, integrated user interfaceTightly integrated user interface to help you build, analyze, and postprocess the FEA models with ease. Designedwith focus on supporting nonlinear analysis, you benefit from time-saving tools and processes implemented in theMarc user interface.Geometry and meshingLoads and boundary conditions Import CAD files in neutral formatsof ACIS, IGES, Parasolid, STEP, STL& VDAFS Define required forces, moments,displacements, pressures, androtations Import geometry in native CADformats of CATIA V4, CATIA V5,DXF, Inventor, JT, Pro/ENGINEER,Solidworks & Unigraphics Specify boundary conditionsrelevant to each multiphysicsmodel set up Create and edit curves, surfaces,and solids Defeature CAD geometry Create 1D, 2D, and 3D lower andhigher elements using automaticmesh generators Refine and edit mesh entities Create springs and dashpots foranalysis Create discrete connecters suchas RBE2, RBE3, Servo-links,CBUSH, CFAST, and CWELD Insert nodes or elements withinother elements Check integrity of model Apply boundary conditions togeometric entities to easilytransfer to associated mesh Define boundary conditions asfunctions of other independentvariablesMaterial modeling Define nonlinear materialparameters’ Curve fit experimental data toobtain parameters for elastomersand metals Specify temperature dependentmaterial properties Define properties as functions ofother independent variables Group loads and boundaryconditions into load cases easilyBenchmark investigations showed clearlythat Marc was the best solution in everyaspect”Dr. Martin English,Hadley Group Technology
ContactPost-processingModeling tools Automatically create contactbodies from CAD assembly models Obtain plots of results in formatyou desire including contour plots,contour lines, cutting planes, isosurfaces, tensor plots, beam plotsand more Customize contact interactionusing contact tables View time histories of results saveand any arbitrary location Define friction coefficients andother parameters for contactanalysis Use path plot to review the spatialvariation of any result along anyarbitrary path Supports large deformationinterference fit Create images and movies forreports and presentations Create symmetry and cyclicsymmetry boundary conditions Support contact in multiphysicsapplications. Track material particle flow Define welding paths and fillerelements for welding analysis Easily define deformable and rigidcontact bodies for all geometries Accurate assessment of transferloads and fluxes Create reports for results selectedby range or Max/Min Visualize 3D beam contact Visualize of contact stresses Easily create bolt models andloads for assembly analysis Create gas filled closed cavitiesand analyze their influence onstructural response Transfer pre-state from oneanalysis to another Map results from axisymmetricanalysis to a 3D model Activate and Deactivate elements Define crack tips for fractureanalysis Define electrical coil windings forelectromagnetic analysesmscsoftware.com hexagonmi.com Manufacturing Intelligence7
Nonlinear structural analysisReduce your physical testing costs with reliable, robust simulation of structural response under a wide spectrum ofloading scenarios and environmental conditions.Static analysisDynamic analysis Perform linear and nonlinearstatic analysis to virtually test yourdesigns Perform natural mode analysis ofstructures to determine structuralstability under dynamic loads Include advanced nonlinearmaterial models Conduct frequency responseanalysis subjected to harmonicloads or random vibrations toanalyze structural performance Incorporate both largedeformation and large strainbehavior Accurately model nonlinearboundary conditions includingfollower force effects,foundations, and contact Perform creep simulations todetermine the long term responseof the structure. Include advanced damping modelsthat incorporate frequency anddeformation dependent dampingobserved in rubber and plastics Obtain insight into dynamicperformance of structuresthrough linear and nonlineartransient analysis Gain improved accuracy throughaccurate modeling of contact,nonlinear materials, and loadingconditions Create Modal Neutral Files (MNF)that may be shared with Adamsincluding nonlinear preload Consistent or lumped massmatrix Perform post-buckling analysis toperform stability studies Determine the inertia relief forceto balance free structures Perform steady-state rollinganalysis of tires Perform mechanical wear analysisdue to friction Export or Import DMIG files forcompatibility with MSC Nastran Perform global-local analysis tobetter capture local behaviorMarc gives us confidence in our results and offersa complete list of features. I am very satisfiedwith the results of our analyses”Luigi Piccamiglio,Invernizzi Presse8Manufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.com
Multiphysics and coupled analysisThe multiphysics capability of Marc, when used with its superior nonlinear structural analysis, provides moreaccurate results leading to better and improved designs of your structural systems.Heat transfer Perform steady-state andtransient analysis for one-, two-,and three dimensional bodies Obtain temperature distributionsin a structure for linear andnonlinear heat transfer problems Model nonlinearities includingtemperature-dependentproperties, phase transformations,latent heat effect, heat convectionin the flow direction, and nonlinearboundary conditions (convectionand radiation) Fast and accurate calculationof view factors, dependent ondeformation Simulate thermal degradation ofThermal Protection Systems (TPS)with advanced pyrolysis model Perform ablation analysis forspace systems, brakes, and biomedical applications Compute heat fluxes acrossmultiple components that comeinto contactThermomechanical coupling Simulate manufacturing processes Analyze structural responsedue to temperature changes inthe environment and thermalgradients in the structure Model heat generation due toplasticity and friction betweendifferent components for accuratephysics Incorporate heat generationdue to curing in compositemanufacturing. Simulate the influence ofannealing Simulate the effects of changes tothermal boundary conditions dueto large deformationsAcoustics and coupled acousticstructural Analysis Simulate window seals Perform acoustic analysis in rigidand deformable cavities Calculate fundamentalfrequencies of the cavity, as wellas the pressure distribution in thecavity Compute the effect of theacoustic medium on the dynamicresponse of the structure and theinfluence of the structure on thedynamic response of the acousticmedium Cavities may undergo largedeformationMarc is a multi-physics tool with capabilitiesfor flow, heat, mechanical stress, and electricalmodeling. In addition, the open structure of Marcallows customization - databases, user routines,and so on”Dr. Moe Khaleel,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Fluid mechanics Perform laminar flow analysis withNavier-Stokes equations Conduct studies that involvefluid thermal coupling, fluid-solidcoupling and fluid-thermal-solidcoupling Solve steady state and transientflow problems in two- and threedimensionElectrostatics and magnetostatics Evaluate electric fields andmagnetic fields in a body ormedium Compute electric potential field,electric displacement vectors,magnetic induction, magnetic fieldvector, and more to gain insight Model infinite domain with semiinfinite elements for improvedaccuracy Determine the capacitancebetween electrical conductors inelectrostatic analyses Calculate the inductance due towires or coils in magnetostaticanalysesElectromagnetic analysis Perform transient and harmonicfully coupled electromagneticanalysis to calculate electricaland magnetic fields subjected toexternal excitation10 Compute magnetic permeabilityas a function of magnetic field in atransient analysis Calculate magnetic flux density,magnetic field vector, electricflux density, and electrical fieldintensity along with potential,nodal charge, and currentPiezoelectric analysis Simulate piezoelectric effect ofcoupling of stress and electricfield in a material Solve for nodal displacements andelectrical potential simultaneously Perform static, transient dynamic,harmonic, and eigenvalue analysisto better understand materialresponse Couple with heat transfer analysisto perform a coupled thermalpiezoelectric analysisCoupled electrostatic-structuralanalysis Simulate MEMS Simulate the influence of Coulombforces on structural componentsand deformation influence onelectrostatic field Model contact between differentbodies and simulate influence oftheir interaction on the fieldCoupled thermal-electrical analysis(Joule Heating)Manufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.com Simulate heaters, defoggers,electronic devices, actuators Compute heat generated due toelectric flow in a conductor Model temperature dependentresistance and internal heatgeneration as a function of theelectrical flow Determine the resistance of thedeviceCoupled electrical-thermalmechanical analysis Simulate structural response dueto Joule heating effects Account for nonlinearities thatarise due to convection, radiation,and temperaturedependentthermal conductivity and specificheat Simulate structures withnonlinearities due to geometricand material behavior Use contact analysis to analyzeinteraction between multiplecomponents
Coupled magnetostatic- structuralanalysis - thermal Accurately determine the surfacestrains and stresses Simulate the influence of Lorentzforces on structural componentsand deformation influence onmagnetostatic field Utilize either adaptive meshing ora dualmesh approach to modellarge motion through the air Model contact between differentbodies and simulate influence oftheir interaction on the field thermalconductivity and specific heatCoupled electromagnetic-thermalanalysis (Induction Heating) Simulate induction heating withstaggered approach of harmonicelectromagnetic analysis followedby thermal analysis Compute induced current whichgenerate heat and heat flux Incorporate temperaturedependency for material data forimproved accuracyCoupled electromagnetic-structural-thermal analysis Simulate induction heating withstaggered approach of harmonicelectromagnetic analysis followedby thermal-stress analysis Compute induced current whichgenerate heat and heat flux Incorporate temperaturedependency for material data forimproved accuracy Predict the amount of powerrequired for surface treatment
Material models for accurate resultsSimulate materials accurately with the comprehensive library of engineering material models that range from simplelinear elastic materials to complex time and temperature-dependent materials, providing you with accurate results.Elastic-plastic materials Model isotropic, orthotropic, andanisotropic elastic materials Incorporate frequency dependentdamping models based upon theviscoelastic nature of rubber andplastics Use isotropic, kinematic, orcombined hardening rules tomodel work hardening Improve result accuracy withmaterial models of choice tomodel viscoplastic behavior Model plasticity accuratelyselecting from a choice of yieldcriteria, including von Mises, Hillanisotropic yield function, Barlat’s,Mohr-Coulomb, and ExponentialCap Model Include temperature effects increep and relaxation studies forimproved results Simulate granular materialbehavior accurately throughpowder material model Study the effects of cyclicplasticity on plastic strains usingthe Chaboche model Model the damage of ductile metals Incorporate thermal and rateeffects with the Power lawmodels, Johnson-Cook, CowperSymmonds, or Kumar modelsTime-dependent Inelastic materialmodels Analyze creep which is animportant phenomenon at highertemperatureComposite materials Model shell structures withlayers composed of differentmaterials or layers of the sameanisotropic material with variouslayer thicknesses and differentorientations Incorporate both linear andnonlinear material properties ineach layer Model the degradation of thematerial using progressive failureanalysis (PFA) Model the delamination ofmaterials Use any of the multiple orientationspecification options that providemodeling flexibility Study the combined effects ofplasticity and creep on structuralbehavior Simulate the dilatation creep(swelling) on a structure forimproved accuracy Material data fitting Analyze isotropic andanisotropic behavior throughthermorheologically simpleviscoelastic ma-terial model12Manufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.comNonlinear hypoelastic material Model a generalized nonlinearelastic material to simulatebehavior of materials withnonlinear stress-strainrelationship Use any of the multiple modelingoptions, which include stressstrain relationship based model,strain invariant model, principalstrain space model, bimoduluselasticity which could incorporateno tension, limited tension,no compression, or limitedcompressionShape memory material Simulate the reversible,thermoelastic transformation ofshape memory alloys betweenhigh temperature austenitic phaseand low temperature martensiticphase Model transformation induceddeformation and irreversiblepermanent deformation of themartensite Choose from mechanical andthermomechanical shape memorymodels depending on your loadingconditionsElastomers Choose from multiple materialmodels including GeneralizedMooney-Rivlin, Ogden, ArrudaBoyce, Bergrstrom-Boyce,Gent, and Marlow to representelastomers Easily obtain required materialparameters for elastomericmaterial models throughintegrated curve fittingfunctionality
Analyze thermal effects andcreep/ relaxation of elastomersthrough large strain viscoelasticmodelSpecial class materials Model complex, multi-layer gasketelements that are often madeof different materials of varyingthickness Model complex loading andunloading behavior Perform mechanical, thermal,or thermomechanically coupledanalyses for desired accuracyand required outputs in a gasketanalysis Analyze low tension materials likeconcrete to accurately determinestructural strength and behaviorunder complex loads Incorporate rebars to modelreinforced structures likecomposites, biological materials,or reinforced concrete Analyze soil material behaviorusing formulations like DruckerPrager, Mohr- Coulomb, CamClay, Exponential Cap, and theirvariationsThe simulation performed using Marc hasgiven us a good feeling for the behaviorof the Ramspol rubber dam and hasimproved our knowledge of this kind offlexible structures”Hans Dries,Hollandsche Beton-en Waterbouwmscsoftware.com hexagonmi.com Manufacturing Intelligence13
Easy to use and powerfulcontact analysisUtilize Marc’s unique contact modeling approach and technology to solveyour tough analysis problems that could include large deformation androtation. Take the hard work out of contact model creation with easy,intuitive set up.Contact setup Define contact bodies (linear andquadratic) by selecting elementswithout the need to define contactboundary elements Reduce contact set up timethrough automatic contactboundary detection Reduce your modeling time andimprove accuracy by using the CADgeometry surfaces and curves todefine rigid bodies Apply velocities, displacement,loads, moments, and rotations torigid bodies Use rigid bodies to apply symmetryboundary conditions Use contact tables to customizecontact detection between bodies Accurately analyze contactbetween shells and shells or shellsand solids14industries using beam elementsbut with 3D contact behavior Use segment-to-segment contactmethod for smoother resultscontours and to overcome thelimitations of master-slave contactmethod Easily model interference fit andoverclosureFriction Specify different frictioncoefficients between differentcontact pairs Choose from multiple frictionmodels to suit your requirements– Coulomb friction, shear friction,stick-slip friction, and bilinearfriction model Use glue option to analyzecontact with very high frictionby preventing relative tangentialmotion Predict contact on both sides ofshells Analyze glue failure betweencontact bodies by automatic gluedeactivation Analyze beam contact witharbitrary beam cross-sections Analyze thermally driven contactconditions Analyze tube-in-tube contactbehavior observed in the oil,automotive, and biomedical Friction coefficient Near thermalcontact may be applied torepresentManufacturing Intelligence hexagonmi.com mscsoftware.com
Contact in coupled analysis Perform thermal contact analysiswithout structural analysis tostudy heat transfer betweendifferent bodies Study effects of friction generatedheat on structural behavior withsupport for coupled analysis Contact may be used in all multiphysics simulationsContact results Analyze the progression of contactbetween contact bodies Study the contact forcesand pressures and map thedistribution in the contact regions Sum up the contact forces on abody to evaluate the total forces Obtain the total contact area Analyze flow of current betweencontact bodies for accurate result Contact parameters such as thefriction is efficient may be functionof temperature or other statevariables.Marc is a very good product to studyboth contact and the thermo-mechanicalbehavior of contacting parts”Luigi PiccamiglioInvernizzi Presse
Automatic adaptive meshing forimproved convergenceSave time and effort by taking advantage of automatic mesh updates in Marc. Get a quality mesh when it isneeded most.Local adaptivityGlobal adaptivity Increase the number of elements to be in criticalregions to improve accuracy and minimize the cost Automatically replace the distorted mesh of a contactbody with a better quality mesh Automatically update the mesh by subdividingelements that satisfy any of several criteria available Map the results of the old mesh to the new meshwithout user intervention Update boundary conditions on newly createdelements and faces Automatic transfer of boundary conditions to the newmesh Attach the nodes to a curve or surface associated withrest of the mesh to smoothen the boundary Solve 2D and 3D models with improved convergenceand accuracy Generate new refined meshes based upon the solutionquantities, such as plastic strain or strain energydensity. Utilize adaptive meshing to capture crack propagationUsing Marc we were able to substitute numericalsimulation for the physical development runs,which was very cost-effective”Charles Courlander,Gaurdian Automotive Luxembour
Manufacturing processesSimulate manufacturing of your product to optimize your manufacturing process and toincorporate the effects of residual stresses in product analysis.FormingComposites Simulate forming operations like brake forming,hydroforming, forging, stretch forming, deep drawing,and roll forming Cold forming or hot forming operations Simulate continuous operations like extrusion androlling Easy model multi-stage processes Compute and minimize residual stresses for improveddesigns Accurately calculate the spring-back during themanufacturing process Applicable to metals - glass & plastics Use automatic remeshing to obtain accurate resultsand improved convergence Analyze progression of curing and optimize the designand process parameters Predict shrinkage caused by curing of resin Perform cure-thermal-mechanical coupled analysisto predict residual stress buildup during the curingprocess Use automatic remeshing to obtain accurate resultsand improved convergenceWe were able to compare avirtual video of the deformationgenerated. with real videofootage shot in one of our plants”Nicholas Behr,Setforge EngineeringOther processes Simulate welding process and its effects on finalstructural deformation Import NC machine file and analyze the deformationsinduced by material removal Study assembly process with bolt installation andriveting Remove the residual stresses with annealing forsubsequent product testingmscsoftware.com hexagonmi.com Manufacturing Intelligence17
Wear and failure analysisPredict product failures to improve your designs and reduce warranty costs. Reduce development costsby limiting costly destructive testing.Damage modelsAutomatic crack propagation Compute damage accumulation in ductile materialsusing the Bonora or Gurso growth-based model Analyze crack growth under direct loading Rheologicalmodel or fatigue loading Calculate damage factors using Lemaitre,Cockroft-Latham, or Oyane model Simulate crack growth along edges or along contactregion Simulate Mullin’s effect and damage accumulationdue to polymer chain breakage in elastomers Simulate crack propagation to accurate track thecrack front or utilizing automatic adaptive meshing Combine rubber damage model with viscoelasticbehavior using the Bergstrom-Boyce or parallel model Determine the low cycle or high cycle fatigue life Study brittle cracking and crushing in concreteComposite failureWear Analyze mechanical erosion due to impact ofparticles, part vibration, or shear stress due to flow Analyze laminate failure by choosing from industryaccepted failure criteria that include maximum stressand strain criteria, Hill, Hoffman, Tsai-Wu, Hashin,Hashin Fabric, Hashin tape, Puck, and Strain InvariantFailure Theory (SIFT) failure criteria Study erosion due to pyrolysis involvingdecomposition of material due to thermal process Analyze progressive failure of composites Study tool effectiveness by simulating tool wear Study delamination failure using Cohesive ZoneModeling of the bonding between laminaFracture mechanics Evaluate energy release rate and stress intensityfactor using Lorenzi method or Virtual Crack ClosureTechnique (VCCT) Compute energy release rates for brittle and ductilematerials at small and large strains Model thermochemical ablation of material subjectedto high thermal fluxes
Efficient solvers and parallel processing forhigher productivityScalabilityTake advantage of efficient matrix solvers and unique parallel processing methodologies to get results faster.0246810Domains
Nonlinear analysis for improved designs Nature is nonlinear. Using Marc, accurately capture the inherent nonlinear behavior of your designs to improve product quality, reduce your testing costs, and improve reliability incorporating the true . Perform global-local analysis to better capture local behavior Dynamic analysis
The COMSOL Multiphysics User’s Guide and COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Guide describe all interfaces and functionality included with the basic COMSOL Multiphysics license. These guides also have instructions about how to use COMSOL Multiphysics and how to access the documentation electronically through the COMSOL Multiphysics help desk.
import and export functionality available in COMSOL Multiphysics and a detailed description of the import, export, and native COMSOL formats. For more detailed information on how to use COMSOL Multiphysics for import and export of data, see the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual in the installed documentation set. Overview of Data Formats
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Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Procedures Nam-Ho Kim Goals What is a nonlinear problem? How is a nonlinear problem different from a linear one? What types of nonlinearity exist? How to understand stresses and strains How to formulate nonlinear problems How to solve nonlinear problems
The Physics Interfaces and Building a COMSOL Multiphysics Model in the COMSOL Multiphysics Reference Manual. ABOUT THE ELECTROCHEMISTRY MODULE 15 The physics interfaces include chemical species transport, charge balances, heat transfer, and fluid flow. You can use the module to model electrochemical and
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