DRAFT Glossary Of AFIS Terms
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsLatent Print AFIS Interoperability Working Group
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsFOREWORDThis is one of a series of documents prepared by the Latent Print Automated FingerprintIdentification System (AFIS) Interoperability Working Group. The purpose of these documentsis to provide guidance and a framework to those involved in the identification process who maybe tasked to be a project leader or member of a working group for an AFIS purchase,replacement, upgrade, or move to a more biometrics-based identification process.Each agency has its own procedures as well as policies and laws that are applicable in theprocurement process. The information contained in these documents should be considered ascomplementary.The Latent Print AFIS Interoperability Working GroupThe lack of latent print search interoperability and the subsequent missed opportunities tomake identifications have been long recognized as serious issues within the examinercommunity. Latent print examiners, AFIS managers, vendors, governmental agencies, andprofessional organizations have explored opportunities to improve interoperability. Since theintroduction of AFIS systems in the 1980s and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s IntegratedAutomated Fingerprint Identification System in the late 1990s, latent print identifications haverisen on a hierarchical level but not on a peer-to-peer basis.As part of a National Institute of Justice (NIJ)/National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) effort to address the lack of AFIS interoperability, the Law Enforcement Standards Office(OLES) formed the Latent Print AFIS Interoperability Working Group. The mission of thisWorking Group is to improve latent print AFIS interoperability by developing a clearunderstanding of the issues and challenges to latent print AFIS interoperability and to identifycollaborative ways to actively address this national problem.The first meeting of the Working Group was held in April 2008. The release in February 2009 ofthe National Academy of Sciences’ report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States:A Path Forward,1 gave further support to the issue at a national level.The Working Group consists of federal, state, and local representatives, as well as vendors andother members of the identification community. These include the following:1National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Committee on Identifying the Needs of the ForensicScience Community. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. National AcademiesPress, 2009.2
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsState and Local RepresentationBroward County, Florida, Sheriff’s OfficeCulver City, California, Police DepartmentIllinois State Police, Forensic Science Center at ChicagoLos Angeles County, California, Sheriff’s DepartmentNletsNew Hampshire Division of State Police Forensic LaboratoryNew York State Division of Criminal Justice ServicesSan Francisco, California, Police DepartmentSanta Monica, California, Police DepartmentSouth Carolina Crime Information CenterTexas Department of Public SafetyWestern Identification Network, Inc.Federal RepresentationDepartment of Homeland SecurityFBI Criminal Justice Information Services DivisionNIJ Office of Science and TechnologyNIST Information Technology LaboratoryNIST Law Enforcement Standards OfficeAFIS Technical Advisors and Vendor RepresentativesWhile many individuals contributed to the success of this project, the following are noted forhaving made significant contributions of their time, talent and vision:Susan BallouAnthony ClayJoi DickersonMike GarrisPeter T. HigginsJanet HoinLisa JacksonMike LeskoJoe MorrisseyLeo NortonBeth OwensJoe PolskiNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyUnited States Secret ServiceCulver City, California, Police DepartmentNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyHiggins & Associates, InternationalNew York State Division of Criminal Justice ServicesSanta Monica Police DepartmentTexas Department of Public SafetyNew York State Division of Criminal Justice ServicesLos Angeles County, California, Sheriff’s Department.Franklin County, Ohio, Sheriff’s OfficeInternational Association for Identification (Ret.)Mr. Anthony Clay of the United States Secret Service is particularly recognized for hiscontributions to the Glossary.The objectives of the Working Group in the preparation of these documents were to:3
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS Terms Define the issues and challenges to latent print AFIS interoperability Identify opportunities to actively address latent print interoperability Develop guidelines to provide guidance on technical and administrative issuesThe Working Group developed this and other documents to meet the needs of latent printexaminers, AFIS users, managers, vendors, and policy makers to establish interagency latentAFIS interoperability. This document is one in a series of reference documents to help agenciesachieve interoperability, located at http://www.fingerprint.nist.gov/.About the GlossaryThis Glossary was developed from many sources. To support the standardization of use,wherever possible the acronyms, abbreviations, and their definitions were extracted fromfederal- and industry-recognized sources. There is no single nationally or internationallyrecognized glossary of AFIS terms. Like the differences between dictionaries, each sourcepresents a slightly different wording for the same concept.For example, there are differences in the definition of the word “glossary” between theMerriam-Webster Online (“a collection of textual glosses or of specialized terms with theirmeanings”), Webster’s New World College Dictionary (“a list of difficult, technical, or foreignterms with definitions or translations, as for some particular author, field of knowledge, etc.,often included in alphabetical listing at the end of a textbook”), and the Oxford Dictionaries ProOnline (“an alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific subject, text, ordialect, with explanations; a brief dictionary”). Is one right and the others wrong?The reader is encouraged to refer to additional sources such as the Scientific Working Group onFriction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology and other nationally recognized authoritativesources for complementary descriptions. Definitions that were pulled in whole or in part fromother sources include a reference to that source in parentheses. A list of acronyms follows theGlossary in Appendix A.4
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsACCEPTANCE TESTING—1: A thorough test of an AFIS prior to taking ownership and makingpayment. 2: Those tests that are intended to determine that all equipment and softwarefunctions and complies with the contract specifications and to determine the reliability of thesystem. (ANSI/IAI)ACCESS RIGHTS—Profile of a user composed of options to enable specific AFIS functions. Forexample, ten-print staff members cannot access latent print functions unless granted accessrights to those functions.ACCURACY—1: A software quality metric that provides those characteristics for requiredprecision in calculations and outputs. 2: A measure of the AFIS’s ability to place the correctmate within a specific position on the candidate list as a result of the matching process.(ANSI/IAI) 3: The closeness of agreement between the AFIS-generated representation of afingerprint compared with the fingerprint it represents. (ANSI/IAI)ACE-V—The process for identifying latent fingerprints, which involves Analysis, Comparison,Evaluation, and Verification: Analysis is the qualitative and quantitative assessment of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3Details to determine proportion, interrelationship, and value for individualization. During Comparison, the latent print examiner looks at the attributes noted duringanalysis for differences and agreement between the latent print and the knownexemplar. Evaluation follows extensive comparison by making a determination if two impressionswere made by the same source, not from the same source, or if the information isinconclusive. (A determination is made as to the results of the Comparison process.The fingerprint community accepts three conclusions: (a) the latent print and knownexemplar were made by the same source, (b) the latent print and known exemplar werenot made by the same source, or (c) a conclusive comparison could not be determined.This could be due to a lack of comparable area in the known exemplar or lack of claritydue to improperly recorded known exemplars.) Verification occurs when a second qualified examiner does an independent assessmentof the latent print and known exemplar, utilizing the ACE process.ACTIVITY LOG—A continuously updated record of system activity. (ANSI/IAI)ALGORITHM—1: Mathematical routine used in computer processing. In AFIS processing, thematcher algorithm searches for relationships between the search print and ten-print. 2:Mathematical routine used in computer processing, e.g., an AFIS matching algorithmestablishes the correlation of Level 2 Detail between fingerprints. (SWGFAST). 3: A step-by-stepcomputational procedure for solving a problem. The system computer and other systemcomponents use algorithms to make decisions required to process and handle information.(ANSI/IAI)5
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsALPHANUMERIC—Non-image information related to a person, ten-print card, or latent case;may also be referred to as demographic data.AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE—Institute founded in 1918 that administersU.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment.ANALYSIS—1: The qualitative and quantitative assessment of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3Details to determine proportion, interrelationship, and value for individualization. 2: The firststep in the ACE-V process.ANSI/NIST STANDARD—Standard proposed by NIST and adopted by ANSI. For example, theANSI/NIST-ITL standard Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & OtherBiometric Information is used by law enforcement, intelligence, military, and homeland securityorganizations throughout the world. The first version of this standard dates to 1986. Over theyears, it has been updated and expanded to cover more biometric modalities beyond theoriginal record type of fingerprint minutiae. (NIST)ARTIFACT—1: Any distortion or alteration not in the original friction ridge impression producedby an external agent or action. 2: Any information not present in the original object or imageinadvertently introduced by image capture, processing, compressions, transmission, display, orprinting. (SWGFAST 2011)AUTHENTICATION—1: A process to determine whether a digital image has been altered in anyway since its capture. 2: A process used to determine whether an electronic file has the correctassociation, as with unique identifier, name, images, and criminal history record.AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM—1: An automated, minutiae-basedidentification system that may consist of two or more distinct databases comprising two-fingeridentification records and ten-finger latent cognizant records (records of individuals more likelyto be found at crime scenes, for example, burglars). 2: A computer-based system for reading,cataloguing, searching, matching, and storing fingerprints and related data. (ANSI/IAI) 3: Ageneric term for a fingerprint matching, storage, and retrieval system. (SWGFAST 2011)AXIS—One of two intersecting lines superimposed on a displayed fingerprint image, used as areference point to indicate orientation in a side-by-side comparison.BENCHMARK TESTING—Standardized testing of a device or software to evaluate performanceagainst some standard.BIFURCATION—1: A point on a finger image where the friction ridge divides into two ridges. 2:The point at which one friction ridge divides into two friction ridges. (SWGFAST 2011)6
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsCANDIDATE— 1: A master file record selected as a possible match to a current minutiae record,which results from either an automated name search or an automated (fingerprint) technical(AFIS) search. 2: A selection made by AFIS as a result of a search inquiry. (ANSI/IAI)CANDIDATE LIST—The list of potential mates listed in descending order of their matchingscores as determined by the matching process within the fingerprint minutiae matcher. Acandidate list can also be produced by an Interstate Identification Index automated subjectsearch. (ANSI/IAI)CARD SCAN—1: An electronic scanning method of transmitting inked fingerprint impressionsthat meet local standards and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s image quality specificationsand that are suitable for Store and Forward processing. 2: Electronic recording of friction ridgeimpressions (fingers and/or palms) from fingerprint cards, palm print cards, etc.; sometimesreferred to as dead-scan or flat-bed scanner. (SWGFAST)CHARGED-COUPLED DEVICE—1: An electronic chip capture device used in optical recordingdevices to convert light into electrical current. AFIS applications include digital cameras, cardscans, Livescan, and other imaging equipment that captures fingerprint images on a chip. 2: Anelectronic chip capture device used in optical recording instruments that converts light energyinto electrical current, e.g., the chip in a digital camera or scanner for capturing friction ridgeimpressions. (SWGFAST 2002)COMPUTERIZED CASE HISTORY or COMPUTERIZED CRIMINAL HISTORY—Online case historyinformation management system that lists all the criminal and non-criminal events that theidentification agency is authorized to release to an inquiring agency; also referred to as theRapsheet.CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION SERVICES—A division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.CERTIFIED LATENT PRINT EXAMINER—A latent print examiner certified by the Latent PrintCertification Board of the International Association for Identification.CODER—Term for hardware, software, or both used to detect minutiae in a fingerprint image.COMPARISON—1: The process of evaluating fingerprint images to be classified and/oridentified for proper identification per user request. 2: The second step of the ACE-V method.3: The observation of two or more impressions to determine the existence of discrepancies,dissimilarities, or similarities. (SWGFAST 2009)COMPRESSION RATIO—Ratio of original file size as compared to the compressed file size. ForAFIS, a 15:1 ratio is most often used.CONCLUSION—Determination made during the Evaluation stage of ACE-V, includingidentification, inconclusive, or exclusion.7
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsCONSOLIDATION—1: The merger of two or more records that are filed under more than oneFederal Bureau of Investigation Number or identification number when it is determined that allpertain to one subject.CORE—1: A well-defined center or focal point of a fingerprint image. 2: The approximatecenter or focal point of a friction ridge image (SWGFAST 2011). 3: A specific formation within afingerprint pattern, defined by classification systems such as Henry.CONTROL TERMINAL AGENCY—A state or territorial criminal justice agency on the NationalCrime Information Center system providing statewide or equivalent service to its criminaljustice users. There is only one Control Terminal Agency per state or territory, and eachoperates under the supervision of a terminal agency coordinator.DATABASE—A collection of data of a particular type, organized for efficient storage andretrieval (e.g., fingerprint minutiae data, fingerprint image data, or mugshot image data).DELTA—That point on a ridge of a fingerprint image at or nearest to the point of divergence oftwo type lines and located at or directly in front of the point of divergence; also known as a triradius. (SWGFAST 2011)DIGITAL IMAGE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM—An AFIS subsystem that contains the electronicfingerprint images.DOWN SAMPLING—Process of representing an image with a smaller number of samples; mayalso be referred to as sub-sampling.ELECTRONIC BIOMETRIC TRANSMISSON SPECIFICATON—A standard published by the FederalBureau of Investigation for electronically encoding and transmitting biographic, biometric, anddisposition information between federal, state, and local users and the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation, which specifies file, record content, format, and data codes.ELECTRONIC FINGERPRINT TRANSMISSION SPECIFICATION (EFTS)—A standard published bythe Federal Bureau of Investigation for electronically encoding and transmitting fingerprintimages and identification and arrest data between federal, state and local users and the FederalBureau of Investigation, which specifies file, record content, format, and data codes.ELECTRONIC TEN-PRINT SUBMISSION—An electronic submission that originates at a Livescanbooking terminal or card scanner at either the federal, state, or local level and is transmitted viathe Criminal Justice Information Services wide area network to the Integrated AutomatedFingerprint Identification System for processing. This type of electronic transaction containsfingerprint images and personal descriptor data. Processing of the transaction, including imagecomparison and the conclusion, is performed by Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel.8
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsELIMINATION FINGERPRINTS—1: Fingerprint images taken from persons with legitimate accessto evidence under examination for latent fingerprint. 2: Exemplars of friction ridge skin detailof persons known to have had legitimate access to an object or location. (SWGFAST 2011)ENCODING—AFIS process used to record minutiae.ERRONEOUS EXCLUSION—The incorrect determination that two areas of friction ridgeimpressions did not originate from the same source. (SWGFAST 2011)ERRONEOUS INDIVIDUALIZATION—The incorrect determination that two areas of friction ridgeimpressions originated from the same source. (SWGFAST 2011)EURODAC—An AFIS formed by the European Union to track asylum seekers who apply forbenefits.EVALUATION—1: A determination by a latent print examiner about whether two impressionswere made by the same source or different sources or if the information is inconclusive. 2: Thethird step in the ACE-V process.EXCLUSION—The determination by an examiner that there is sufficient quality and quantity ofdetail in disagreement to conclude that two areas of friction ridge impressions did not originatefrom the same source. (SWGFAST 20111)EXEMPLAR—1: An impression or image of friction ridge skin purposely collected with theknowledge of the subject. 2: The prints of an individual associated with a known or claimedidentity deliberately recorded electronically, by ink, or by another medium (also known asknown prints). (SWGFAST 2011)EXPUNGEMENT—The process of either fully or partially purging data from a subject’s record inthe subject criminal history file. It results in the removal of all charges associated with thearrest covered by expungement while retaining the date of arrest and submitting originatingagency identifier. Expungement requests are submitted by arrest or judicial agencies when anindividual has been exonerated after initial arrest or released without charge and recorded as“detention only” or when so ordered by a court of appropriate jurisdiction.FALSE CANDIDATE—A candidate selected by an AFIS search as a possible match, which issubsequently determined not identical.FEATURES EXTRACTION—The system capability to identify from a scanned fingerprint digitalimage separately definable attributes, which may be discretely stored and used to classify anduniquely identify that fingerprint.9
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION NUMBER—A unique identifying number assigned by theFederal Bureau of Investigation to a subject of a fingerprint record of arrest who has not beenidentified as a previous offender in a search of the files.FINGERPRINT—An impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger. (SWGFAST2011)FINGERPRINT CHARACTERISTICS—Any aspects of fingerprints that can uniquely identify them.FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION—1: A method for describing the common pattern fingerprintcharacteristics (e.g., pattern types or ridge counts) for the purpose of subdividing a fingerprintfile into “classes” or groups having the same general characteristics so as to reduce the amountof the file needed to be searched to locate the mate (within the Integrated AutomatedFingerprint Identification System, this may involve either Henry classification or pattern-levelclassification). 2: Grouping fingerprints according to shape and size for the purpose of filing andretrieving.FINGERPRINT FEATURES—Unique physical characteristics of a fingerprint that are used toperform automated fingerprint searches.FINGERPRINT FEATURES MASTER FILE—The set of all records on which fingerprint feature dataexists.FINGERPRINT IMAGE—A representative two-dimensional reproduction of the ridge detail of afingerprint.FINGERPRINT MATCHER SCORE—An AFIS-generated numerical score that indicates theapproximate relationship between a latent print and an exemplar.FINGERPRINT MINUTIAE—Unique identifying characteristics of fingerprints (e.g., beginning andending points of ridges).FINGERPRINT MINUTIAE MATCHER—The matching subsystem equipment that compares theminutiae data-based features of a search print with fileprints and selects the fileprint thatcomes closest to matching the search print. It will also perform a Minutiae Verification Match.FINGERPRINT MINUTIAE MATCHER ACCURACY—1: A measure of the matcher subsystem’sability either to identify the correct candidate as a result of the matching process or to reportthat no candidate is selected if the mate is not in the fileprint database being searched. 2: Thecloseness of agreement between the matcher subsystem’s generated representation of afingerprint compared with the fingerprint it represents.FINGERPRINT MINUTIAE MATCHER RELIABILITY—1: The probability that the mating fingerprintwill be selected as the primary candidate by the matcher subsystem if that mate is in thefileprints being searched or that no candidate will be selected if the mate is not in the fileprints10
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS Termsbeing searched. 2: The probability that an entity will perform its intended functions for aspecified interval under stated conditions.FINGERPRINT MINUTIAE MATCHER SELECTIVITY—The function of selecting the candidate, bothcorrect and incorrect, and its relationship to other close candidates based upon minutiaescoring algorithms within the matcher subsystem.FINGERPRINT PLAIN IMPRESSIONS—Fingerprint impressions taken by simultaneously capturingall of the fingers of each hand and then the thumbs without rolling, using a pressed or flatimpression. See also, plain, touch, or flat impression.FINGERPRINT REPOSITORY—A term for the AFIS/Federal Bureau of Investigation capability tostore fingerprint characteristics data and perform database-like functions, such as storageretrieval, search, and update. The AFIS/Federal Bureau of Investigation Segment has at leastthree subcategories of repository:(1) The Federal Bureau of Investigation Criminal Repository contains one entry for eachsubject meeting retention criteria. The data included are extracted from criminalten-print submissions. At a minimum, the Federal Bureau of Investigation CriminalRepository contains fingerprint characteristics for all ten fingers.(2) The Unsolved Latent Repository contains single latent fingerprints not identified to anysubject in the criminal fingerprint repository. It is used to provide leads for unsolvedcriminal cases.(3) The Special Repositories have separately defined uses and data. Each has its ownsponsor who controls its use. The data in each repository may be used for eitherten-print and latent fingerprint searching or for specially defined fingerprint searching.FINGERPRINT ROLLED IMPRESSIONS—The impressions created by individually rolling eachinked finger from side to side in order to obtain all available ridge detail. See also, inked rolledprint.FAST FOURIER TRANSFER ALGORITHM—An algorithm used in digital image processing todecompose and compose a signal.FLATS—Fingerprint plain impressions. See also, plain, touch, or flat impression.FRICTION RIDGE—1: The ridge-shaped skin on a finger or palm surface that makes contact withan object. 2: A raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar or plantar skin, consisting of oneor more connected ridge units. (SWGFAST 2011)GRAY-SCALE IMAGE—An image using more than two radiometric values, i.e., 256 shades ofgray in an 8-bit image. Not a strictly black/white image.11
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsGROUP IV FAX—A facsimile transmitted fingerprint card suitable for identification processing.HENRY CLASSIFICATION—An alphanumeric system of fingerprint classification named after SirEdward Richard Henry used for filing, searching, and retrieving ten-print records. (SWGFAST2011)HIT RESPONSE or HIT ON FINGERPRINT SEARCH—An identification of minutiae-based data of afingerprint image with minutiae-based data from another fingerprint image as being a mate forthe finger of the same person.INTEGRATED AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM—The Federal Bureau ofInvestigation’s national AFIS. (SWGFAST 2011) IAFIS provides: (a) repository maintenanceservices, such as receipt, storage, and retrieval; (b) powerful search functions that attempt tomatch submitted fingerprints with fingerprints in the repository; and (c) fingerprintcharacteristics processing capability to derive unique aspects of fingerprints for storage andmatching.INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR IDENTIFICATION—Professional association whosemembers are engaged in forensic identification, investigation, and scientific examination ofphysical evidence.IDENTIFICATION—1: The positive match of a current ten-print or latent fingerprint card to aprior fingerprint card stored in the fingerprint files, made on a comparison of one set offingerprints to another. 2: In some forensic disciplines, the similarity of class characteristics.(SWGFAST 2011) See also, individualization.INDIVIDUALIZATION—The determination by an examiner that there is sufficient quality andquantity of detail in agreement to conclude that two friction ridge impressions originated fromthe same source. (SWGFAST 2011)IMAGE—Processed or stored fingerprint images from a ten-print card or latent lift.INKED ROLLED PRINT—An inked fingerprint impression taken by physically rolling the inkedfinger from side to side (nail to nail) on the fingerprint card stock. See also, rolled impression.INTEROPERABILITY—The ability of two or more AFIS networks, systems, devices, applicationsor components to exchange information between them and to use the information soexchanged correctly and with minimal loss of accuracy.INTERPOL—Originally the International Police Commission, established in 1923 with the firstheadquarters in Vienna, Austria. With the General Secretariat now in Lyon, France, Interpolfocuses on international crimes that threaten public safety, especially those involving terrorism,criminal organizations, drugs, finances and technology, and trafficking in human beings, andprovides fugitive investigative support.12
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsINTERSTATE IDENTIFICATION INDEX—A national network for the exchange of criminal historyrecords, which includes elements of participating state systems, the National Crime InformationCenter System, the Identification Automated Services of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications Network, and the U.S. Postal Service,among other systems.IMAGE QUALITY SPECIFICATION—Element of the Electronic Fingerprint TransmissionSpecification that has two components, Appendix F and Appendix G.JOURNAL OF FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION—A publication of the International Association forIdentification.JPEG—1: An acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group. 2: A compression file formatwith the “.jpg” file extension, most of which use lossy compression.LATENT COGNIZANT DATABASE—Fingerprint features records of all ten fingers of a subset ofcriminals in the ten-print database, used for matching latent fingerprint submissions, whichmay be partial fingerprints. Includes fingerprint data from certain crime categories (e.g., bankrobbery or terrorism).LATENT PRINT—1: Transferred impression of friction ridge detail not readily visible. 2: Genericterm used for unintentionally deposited friction ridge detail. (SWGFAST) 3. The reproduction ofthe friction ridges on an item that is touched when the ridges come in contact with anycontaminant.LATENT PRINT SUBMISSION—A submission to the Federal Bureau of Investigation or otheragency that contains a latent fingerprint search request accompanied by the latent fingerprintinformation, either electronic or hardcopy.LATENT PRINT LIFT—1: A reproduction of the friction ridge detail of a latent print. 2:Anadhesive or other medium used to transfer a friction ridge impression from a substrate.(SWGFAST 2011)LATENT PRINT SEARCH—A comparison of the fingerprint features extracted from a latentfingerprint with the fingerprint features contained in a fingerprint features file to determinewhether a latent fingerprint has a potential mate on file within the AFIS repository.LATENT PRINT SPECIALIST—Law enforcement agency employee who performs latent printprocessing.LATENT PRINT SUBMISSION—One image and associated descriptor data received by latentprocessing services, which may be part of a case.13
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS TermsLAW ENFORCEMENT ONLINE—National, interactive communications system maintained by theFederal Bureau of Investigation exclusively for law enforcement.LIGHTS OUT—An AFIS search without any human intervention at Verification.LIVESCAN PRINT—A fingerprint image that is produced by scanning a live finger with Livescantechnology.LIVESCAN—An electronic method of taking and transmitting fingerprints without using ink,which produces fingerprint impressions of high quality to perform identification processi
recognized glossary of AFIS terms. Like the differences between dictionaries, each source presents a slightly different wording for the same concept. For example, there are differences in the definition of the word "glossary" between the Merriam-Webster Online ("a collection of textual glosses or of specialized terms with their
Unless a specific exception exists, all agencies must record fixed assets in the AFIS within one (1) calendar month of acquisition date (SAAM 2505-2.1). When a fixed asset is acquired, no matter the payment method used, it is not automatically recorded in AFIS. Record a fixed asset in AFIS using: Fixed Asset Acquisition (FA) document - This .
The Accounting Journal (JACTG) An accounting journal is an electronic record of financial transactions with detailed information within AFIS. The Accounting Journal holds all the accounting transactions for the State of Arizona. It is accessed by using the AFIS page code: JACTG. A few key details that are recorded on the Accounting Journal are:
ITIL Glossary of Terms, Definitions and Acronyms in Hungarian, V3.1.24.h2.5, 24 February 2008, prepared by itSMF Hungary 1 ITIL V3 Hungarian Glossary Notes: 1. This ITIL V3 Hungarian Glossary (internal version: 2.5) is the itSMF Hungary's official translation of ITIL V3 Glossary of Terms, Definitions and Acronyms (version 3.1.24). 2. The Hungarian ITIL Terms have a relatively long .
IEEE Std 729-1983, IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology (ANSI) L3I.l It increases the number of terms from approximately 500 to 1300, and updates or refines the definitions of many terms included in the initial glossary. A few terms that were included in the initial glossary have
The UNSPSC codes are set up on the Commodity Table in AFIS. If the UNSPSC code is going to be used to identify an item maintained in inventory, then the item must be flagged as an inventory item on the commodity
3M Cogent, Inc. is the current vendor for the Sheriffs Department's Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS is a computerized network that stores and processes fingerprint and palm print im
C H A P T E R 6 AFIS. and consistently detect and identify minutiae existing in . the captured image. Finally, a method had to be developed to compare two lists of minutiae descriptors to determine whether they both most likely came from the same finger of the same individual.
published by the American Petroleum Institute (API, 1984, 1991) are generally not consistent with the physical processes that dictate actual pile capacity. For example, the experimental observa- tion of a gradual reduction in the rate of increase of pile capacity with embedment depth is allowed for by imposing limiting values of end-bearing and shaft friction beyond some critical depth .
