RDA: A Quick Introduction
RDA: a quick introductionChris OliverFebruary 2nd, 2011
What is RDA?new metadata standard that replaces AACR2a set of practical instructions based on a theoreticalframeworkTo understand RDA: not simply a set of updated instructions new way of thinking about cataloguing dataRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Understanding RDA1.scope of RDA2.underlying theoretical framework3.objectives and principles4.an aspect of RDA’s design: elements and core elements designed for current databases and for futuredatabases and web environmentsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Continuity with AACR2 RDA includes instructions that originate from AACR2instructions derived from AACR2 are reworked: reworded organized differently within a new theoretical frameworkevery word haschangedRDA instructionsshow visiblecontinuity withAACR2RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
ExampleAACR2 1.5B1RDA 3.4.1.3Record the extent of the itemby giving the number ofphysical units in arabicnumerals and the specificmaterial designation asinstructed in subrule .5B in thechapter dealing with the typeof material to which the itembelongs.1 film reelRecord the extent of theresource by giving thenumber of units and anappropriate term for thetype of carrier as listedunder 3.3.1.31 film reelRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
AACR2 to RDA: continuity & changeAACR2 deconstructednew conceptsnew structurenew vocabularysome new instructionssome changed instructionsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
AACR2stonesplusframeworkRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
AACR2 deconstructedwithoutthe frameworkRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDAstonesplusnewframeworkRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
1. Broader scope than AACR2RDA 0.0 Purpose and scopeRDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions onformulating data to support resource discovery.versus AACR2 0.1These rules are designed for use in the construction ofcatalogues and other lists in general libraries of all sizes.RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Broader scope than AACR2 bibliographic dataauthority data more international beyond “Anglo‐American”instructions made consistent and easy to use by many cultural,religious, national communitiesfor example, options for the use of other languages, scripts,calendars, numeric systemsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Broader scope than AACR2 RDA data for the web environment visible in the web function in the semantic web compatible with metadata standards of other resourcedescription communitiesnot just for libraries connecting with other cultural heritage communities beyond the library “silo” for example, instructions for archival resourcesRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
2. FrameworkRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
2. Frameworka.the conceptual modelsb.role of user tasksc.entity relationship modelsd.evidence of the models in the way RDA is organizede.influence of FRADRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA’s framework explicit conceptual framework aligned with the FRBR and FRAD conceptual modelsFRBRFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records1998FRADFunctional Requirements for Authority Data2009FRAD is an extension of the FRBR model both models developed under the auspices of IFLARDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
The two models broad base of international consensus and support widely used data modelling technique:entity relationship model entities attributes relationships “functional” data is important because of how it is useduse is operationalized as “user tasks”RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA 0.0Purpose and ScopeRDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions onformulating data to support resource discovery.The data created using RDA to describe a resource aredesigned to assist users performing the following tasks:Bibliographic data findidentifyselectobtainAuthority data findidentifyclarifyunderstandRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Consistent focus on the userThroughout RDA:why record this data?to support the user in completing oneof the user tasks user tasks come from FRBR/FRAD modelsuser tasks are an essential part of RDARDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Functional objectives RDA divided into 10 sections Each section begins with general guidelines Functional objectives and principles specific to the section Functional objectives relationship between the data and the user tasks(recorded or formulated accordingto the instructions in that section)RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Example from Section 1Section 1 Recording attributes of manifestations & items1.2Functional Objectives and PrinciplesThe data describing a manifestation or item should enable the user to:a) find manifestations and items that correspond to the user’s stated searchcriteriab) identify the resource described c) select a resource that is appropriate to the user’s requirements withrespect to the physical characteristics of the carrier and the formattingand encoding of information stored on the carrierd) obtain a resource RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
User tasks and cataloguer judgment user tasks provide scope that permits cataloguer judgmentcataloguer judgment cataloguer determines if the data isimportant for the successful completion of a user taskfor example, from 3.7 Applied materialRecord the applied material used in the resource if it isconsidered important for identification or selection RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Entities, attributes, relationships vocabulary of FRBR and FRAD vocabulary of RDA entity the object of a user’s interest entities that are of interest to someone who usesbibliographic and authority databibliographic entitiesentities specific to authority controlRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Bibliographic entitiesworkexpressionmanifestationitemFRBR Group 1products of intellectual or artisticendeavorpersonfamilycorporate bodyFRBR Group 2conceptobjecteventplaceFRBR Group 3responsible for group 1 entitiessubjects (includes group 1 & 2)RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Authority entitiesbibliographic entitiesnameidentifiercontrolled access pointentities on which authoritydata is focusedentities for authority control(in RDA authorized access point)rulesagencyentities that determine thecontent and form of accesspointsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Attributes characteristics of the entitydata to be recorded about the entityexamples of attributes:work: title, genre, coordinates (map)manifestation: publisher, date of publication, extent of the carrieritem: identifier (e.g. barcode), provenance, conditionperson: dates, gender, a title of rank or officecorporate body: place, dates, addressobject: termRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Relationships link between one entity and another basis for navigation and support collocation primary relationships:between work, expression, manifestation and item 3 other major types of relationships:1.between a person, family or corporate body and a resource2.between one resource and another resource3.between a person, family or corporate body and anotherperson, family or corporate bodyRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Examples of relationshipsexpressionitemtranslation ofexemplar ofworkmanifestationworkitemmanifestationcreated byowned byproduced bypersonfamilycorporate bodyworkmanifestationbased onelectronic reprod.workmanifestationpersonfamilymember offoundedfamilycorporate bodyRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Organization and Structure of RDA 2 main partsRecording attributesRecording relationships sections 1‐4sections 5‐10Divided into 10 sectionssections are organized according to the bibliographic entitiesRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Organization and Structure of RDASection 1‐4 Recording attributesSection 1.Recording attributes of manifestation and itemSection 2.Recording attributes of work and expressionSection 3.Recording attributes of person, family, andcorporate bodyRecording attributes of concept, object, event, andplace[placeholder]Section 4.RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Organization and Structure of RDASections 5‐10 Recording RelationshipsSection 5.Recording primary relationships betweenwork, expression, manifestation, and itemSection 6.Recording relationships to persons, families,and corporate bodies associated with a resourceSection 7.Recording the subject of a workSection 8.Recording relationships between works,expressions, manifestations, and itemsSection 9.Recording relationships between persons,families, and corporate bodiesSection 10.Recording relationships between concepts,objects, events, and places[placeholder]RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver[placeholder]
Organization and Structure of RDA each chapter associated with a user taskChapter 1:General guidelines on recording attributes ofmanifestations and itemsChapter 2:Identifying manifestations and itemsUser task IdentifyChapter 3:Describing carriersUser task SelectChapter 4:Providing acquisition and access informationUser task ObtainRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Organization and Structure of RDAChapter 5:General guidelines on recording attributes of worksand expressionsChapter 6:Identifying works and expressionsUser task IdentifyChapter 7:Describing contentUser task SelectRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Influence of FRAD scope of RDA: bibliographic data AND authority data influence of FRAD: adding family to group 2 entitiesperson, family, corporate body definition of person role of identifiers relationship between name entityRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Example: Person in RDAdefinition of person influenced by FRAD:person an individual or an identity established by anindividual (either alone or in collaboration with oneor more other individuals)scope of 9.0 persons include fictitious entitiesfor example works created by fictitious characters: Miss Piggy, Snoopy relationship of person (bibliographic identity) to person(individual)designate relationship as “real identity” or “alternate identity”RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
3. Objectives and principles the objectives and principles how the objectives and principle shape RDA instructions,looking at two examplesRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Principles20092009Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP)final text of RDA including objectives & principles ICP and RDA developed in sync0. 4.1 ICP “informs” RDA principles ICP and RDA both influenced by FRBR and FRAD modelsno. 1 for ICP and RDA Responsiveness to User Needs(RDA)Convenience of the User(ICP)RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA Objectives & PrinciplesPrinciplesObjectivesresponsiveness to userneeds differentiation sufficiency cost efficiency relationships flexibility representation continuity accuracy attribution common usage or practice uniformity RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Role of Objectives & Principles instructions must be defensible not arbitraryreal impact on the content of RDAfor exampleobjective flexibilityThe data should function independently of theformat, medium, or system used to store orcommunicate the data. They should be amenableto use in a variety of environments.result RDA is a “content standard”RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA as a Content Standard“what data should I record?”RDA can be encoded using different encoding schemae.g. MARC 21, MODS, Dublin Core, etc.RDA data can be displayed using different displayconventionse.g. ISBD, label display, etc.RDA data can be stored in current databases and in new typesof database structuresRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Examples in RDAexamples show what the data should beRDA 2.4.1.4 Recording Statements of ResponsibilityTranscribe a statement of responsibility in the form in which itappears on the source of information. Apply the generalguidelines on transcription given under 1.7.EXAMPLEby Walter de la MareFats Wallerby Dr. Johnsonby Sir Richard Aclandby Alfred, Lord Tennysonby a Lady of Qualitypar Charles M. Schultzdirected and produced by the BeatlesRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Examples in RDARDA examples show what the data should benot how it should be displayednot how it should be encodedAACR2 2.1F1. Transcribe statements of responsibility relating topersons or bodies as instructed in 1.1F.Shut up in Paris / by Nathan SheppardGreat Britain : handbook for travellers / by Karl BaedeckerVas‐y, Charlie Brown / par Charles M. SchulzMARC 21 manual245 c statement of responsibility, etc.245 04 aThe plays of Oscar Wilde / cAlan Bird.245 10 aHow to play chess / cKevin Wicker ; with a foreword byDavid Pritchard ; illustrated by Karel Feuerstein.RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA as a Content Standard implement in our current library environment can be used by different metadata communities ready to be used in newly emerging database structures ready to be used in the future web environmentRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Role of Objectives & Principlesfor exampleprinciple representationThe data describing a resource should reflectthe resource’s representation of itself.result impact on instructions about transcriptionRDA 2.5.1.4 Recording Edition StatementsTranscribe an edition statement as it appears on the source ofinformation. no instruction to use abbreviations transcribe what is on the source of informationRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Role of Objectives & PrinciplesPrinciple RepresentationAppendix B AbbreviationsB.4 Transcribed elementsFor transcribed elements, use only those abbreviations found inthe sources of information for the element.t.p.data recorded3rd ed.3rd ed.Second editionSecond editionRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
4. Design data elements core elementsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Elements in RDA and AACR2RDA element A word, character, or group of words and/orcharacters representing a distinct unit ofbibliographic information.AACR2 element similar definitionplus and forming part of an area of the description. AACR2 elements are organized and embedded into areasnet effect is quite differentRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Elements in AACR2AACR2: data embedded in areas or paragraphs different kinds of data embedded together in long characterstrings data recorded in ambiguous elements assumption is that a human will read and interpret informationin record cannot be used reliably to search or to limit a search cannot be used for automated processing cannot be used to generate a meaningful displayRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA data elements RDA element contains data either about:a single attribute of an entityORa single relationship between entities each element is discrete and precisely defined independent, separate units of data increased use of controlled vocabularyRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA data elements only one kind of data in an elementAACR2:date of publication, distribution, etc.MARC 21:260 cRDA:4 different elements:date of productiondate of publicationdate of distributiondate of copyrightday 1 implementation in MARC 21 environment – data will still beambiguousRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA data elementsremove ambiguityAACR2: 1.7B13. Dissertations information embedded in a note note about academic degree, granting institutionor faculty and year degree granted RDA:7.9.1 Recording Dissertation or Thesis Information separate elements for: academic degreegranting institution or facultyyear degree granted information that can be used by human or machineday 1 implementation in MARC 21 environment – subfields for 502 alreadyimplementedRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA data elements distinct and defined elements for each kind of datadifferent elementfor each type ofdataillustrative contentencoding formatproduction methodsound contentapplied materialbase materialreduction ratioRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Elements in AACR2AACR2: information embedded in “other physical details” (or anon‐specific note)other physicaldetailsMARC 300 billustrative contentencoding formatproduction methodsound contentapplied materialbase materialreduction ratioRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA data elements separated according to whether it is data aboutcontentillustrative contentsound content orcarrierencoding formatproduction methodapplied materialbase material controlled vocabulary recommended for many elementsaspect ratio: full screen, wide screen, mixedbase material: Bristol board, canvas, cardboard, ceramic, glass,leather, paper, parchment, vellum RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
More elementsfor example, new data elements for electronic resources: file typedata filestreaming video fileencoding formatDAISYaudio DVD audioMP3 GIFimage JPEGTIFFtextuniform resource locatorRDA: a quick introduction / Chris OliverHTMLPDFMS Word
300 RDA data elements still recording the same kind of informationtitle edition date of publication record in distinct data elements record with more precision data that a human can use data that is machine actionable each element has the potential to be used:‐ to search‐ to navigate‐ to retrieve‐ to build meaningful displays of dataRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Designed to be flexible and extensible elements to describe all known types of content and carriers easily extensible to describe resources yet to be developed many data elements – each precisely defined data elements can be used in any combinationRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Core Elements300 elements but you don’t have to use them allcore elements not a level of description core elements are a minimum “a floor, not a ceiling” must include any additional elements required to differentiatethe resource or entity from a similar one may include additional elements – as required to completeuser tasksRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Core elements core elements support a subset of user taskscore elements support the key user tasks (as identified in theFRBR and FRAD models) identify and select a manifestationidentify works and expressions embodied in a manifestationidentify the creator or creators of a workfind a person, family, or corporate body associated with a resourceidentify a person, family, or corporate body summary of core elements in introduction: 0.6 general guidelines for each section: core elementsRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Core Elements certain elements are flagged as “core”title properdesignation of editionpreferred name for the person certain elements are flagged as “core if”date of distribution if date of publication not identifiedextent is core if resource is complete or if the total extent isknown element is core but can omit some dataplace of publication (if more than one, only the first)RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
What is RDA?RDA a set of practical instructionsbased on a theoretical framework scope of RDA theoretical framework based on the FRBR and FRADconceptual models role of objectives and principles data elements: an aspect of RDA’s designRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
RDA ‐ standard for now and the futureRDA 0.3.1The FRBR and FRAD models provide RDA with an underlyingframework that has the scope needed to supportcomprehensive coverage of all types of content and media,the flexibility and extensibility needed to accommodatenewly emerging resource characteristics, and the adaptabilityneeded for the data produced to function within a wide rangeof technological environments.Understanding RDA theoretical framework a framework for today and tomorrowRDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Understanding RDA day 1 of implementation:“shoe‐horn” RDA into MARC21 day 1 of implementation isonly the point of transition RDA: not simply RDA inMARC 21 day 1 of implementationallows us to begin travellingalong the new track
Images from Flickrcreative commons attribution licenseRoad‐Side History by Owls Flight 2370449243/Old stones of Bauda Byzantine ruins by 4/Falling water by 14471574/Data Represented in an Interactive 3‐D Form by Idaho National 405/Cross track – iPhone wall paper by CJ 3487/RDA: a quick introduction / Chris Oliver
Principles 2009 Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) 2009 final text of RDA including objectives & principles ICP. and RDA. developed in sync. 0. 4.1 ICP "informs" RDA principles ICP. and RDA both influenced by FRBR. and FRAD models. no. 1 for ICP. and RDA Responsiveness to User Needs (RDA)
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CONJUNTS D’ELEMENTS BÀSICS D’RDA PER ALS REGISTRES BIBLIOGRÀFICS . PCC RDA BIBCO standard record (BSR) [en línia]: metadata application profile. April 14, 2015 revision. Washington, D.C. : Program for Cooperative Cataloging, 2015.
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3 Lorsqu’un additif présent dans un arôme, un additif ou une enzyme alimentaire a une fonction technologique dans la denrée alimentaire à laquelle il est adjoint, il est considéré comme additif de cette denrée alimentaire, et non de l’arôme, de l’additif ou de l’enzyme alimentaire ajouté et doit dès lors remplir les conditions d’emploi définies pour la denrée en question .
